Hazardia (microsporidian)

Hazardia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Rozellomycota
Class:	Microsporidea
Order:	Amblyosporida
Genus:	Hazardia; Weiser, 1977
Type species
	Hazardia milleri; (Hazard & Fukuda 1974) Weiser 1977
Species
	H. milleri; H. usbekistanica;

Hazardia is a genus of microsporidians that parasite insects, with the type host being Culex pipiens.^[1] It is currently classified as incertae sedis within the order Amblyosporida of phylum Rozellomycota.^[2]

Description

Hazardia is characterized by three sporulation sequences that occur primarily in the fat body of larval mosquitoes:^[1]

First sequence: small, oval binucleate spores are generated, and they encyst into sporonts.

Second sequence: diplokaryotic (i.e. with paired nuclei) sporonts divide through binary fission to produce lanceolate, thick-walled binucleate spores with a rugose exospore.

Third sequence: the most common sequence, it involves uninucleate sporonts that form sporogonial plasmodia that divide by multiple fission producing between 2 and 16 uninucleate spores (usually 8) that are pyriform and thin walled.

Ecology

The transmission of Hazardia between mosquitoes is per os, meaning through the mouth.^[1]

Taxonomy

There are two species:

Hazardia milleri (Hazard & Fukuda 1974) Weiser 1977 (type species)^[1]
Hazardia usbekistanica Khodzhaeva 1988^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Becnel, James J.; Andreadis, Theodore G. (July 2014). "Microsporidia in Insects". In Weiss, Louis M.; Becnel, James J. (eds.). Microsporidia: Pathogens of Opportunity (1st ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 550. ISBN 978-1-118-39523-3.
^ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.
^ Kirk PM (2019). Roskov Y, Ower G, Orrell T, Nicolson D, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, DeWalt RE, Decock W, van Nieukerken E, Zarucchi J, Penev L (eds.). "Microsporidia: Unicellular spore-forming protozoan parasites (version Nov 2015)". Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2019 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-884X.

[Microsporidia-1] Becnel, James J.; Andreadis, Theodore G. (July 2014). "Microsporidia in Insects". In Weiss, Louis M.; Becnel, James J. (eds.). Microsporidia: Pathogens of Opportunity (1st ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 550. ISBN 978-1-118-39523-3.

[OOF2022-2] Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. hdl:10481/76378. S2CID 249054641.

[3] Kirk PM (2019). Roskov Y, Ower G, Orrell T, Nicolson D, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, DeWalt RE, Decock W, van Nieukerken E, Zarucchi J, Penev L (eds.). "Microsporidia: Unicellular spore-forming protozoan parasites (version Nov 2015)". Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2019 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-884X.

[1]

[2]

[3]