Frederick Shaw (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Shaw | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 31 July 1861 |
| Died | 6 January 1942 (aged 80) |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1882–1920 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Unit | Sherwood Foresters |
| Commands | 2nd Battalion Sherwood Foresters 9th Brigade 29th Division 13th (Western) Division Ireland |
| Battles / wars | Anglo-Egyptian War Second Boer War First World War Anglo-Irish War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Order of the White Eagle, 2nd Class (Serbia)[1] |
Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Charles Shaw KCB PC (Ire) ( 31 July 1861 – 6 January 1942) was a British Army general who served in the Boer War and the First World War. He became Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, and retired in 1920.
Family
[edit]Shaw was born on 31 July 1861, the son of John Shaw of Normanton, Derbyshire. He was educated at Repton School. He married Florence Edith Denton, daughter of Reverend Canon Denton of Ashby-de-la-Zouch. She died in 1918; they had one daughter.[2]
Military career
[edit]Shaw was commissioned as a second lieutenant into a Militia unit, the 2nd West York, on 24 December 1879.[3]
After just over two years with this unit, he transferred over into the Sherwood Foresters, and the Regular Army, as a lieutenant on 28 January 1882.[4][5] He saw service in the Anglo-Egyptian War later the same year,[4] and was promoted to captain on 14 October 1889.[6]
Promoted to major on 11 October 1899,[7] he served during the Second Boer War as a brigade major, then as deputy assistant adjutant general (DAAG) and then as assistant adjutant general (AAG).[4] He received the brevet rank of lieutenant colonel on 29 November 1900.
Following the end of the war, he return to the United Kingdom in August 1902.[8] Promoted to substantive lieutenant colonel in August 1907,[9] he was made commanding officer (CO) of the 2nd Battalion, Sherwood Foresters.[4]
Promoted to colonel in March 1911,[10] he succeeded Colonel Aylmer Hunter-Weston as a general staff officer, grade 1 (GSO1) in India,[11] before being promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general in May 1913, when he took command of the 3rd Division's 9th Infantry Brigade.[12]
He served in World War I, initially commanding his 9th Brigade in which role he deployed to France.[4] He was wounded by a shell that hit his headquarters on 12 November 1914.[4] He was promoted to major general on 28 December 1914, "for distinguished conduct in the Field".[13]
After his recovery, in 1915, he was initially appointed as general officer commanding (GOC) of the 29th Division on its mobilisation in January. Just two months later, however, he was replaced by Major General Aylmer Hunter-Weston and was later appointed GOC of the 13th (Western) Division, which he led in the Gallipoli campaign from May until October.[14] He then became director of home defence and subsequently chief of the general staff for Home Forces.[4]
On 19 September 1919, during the Irish War of Independence, he suggested that the police force in Ireland be expanded via the recruitment of a special force of volunteer British ex-servicemen.[15] Following direct intervention from London, the "Black and Tans" and Auxiliary Division of the Constabulary were introduced in order to achieve a decisive result. This intervention preceded a purge of the Irish administration at Dublin Castle during which Shaw himself was replaced.[16]
Shaw retired in 1920 and died on 6 January 1942, during the Second World War, at the age of 80.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ "No. 29945". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 February 1917. p. 1606.
- ^ a b Who Was Who 1941–50.
- ^ "No. 24794". The London Gazette. 23 December 1879. p. 7537.
- ^ a b c d e f g "University of Birmingham". Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2007.
- ^ "No. 25065". The London Gazette. 27 January 1882. p. 318.
- ^ Hart´s Army list, 1903
- ^ "No. 27125". The London Gazette. 10 October 1899. p. 6115.
- ^ "The War - Return of Troops". The Times. No. 36842. London. 9 August 1902. p. 11.
- ^ "No. 28048". The London Gazette. 6 August 1907. p. 5393.
- ^ "No. 28482". The London Gazette. 4 April 1911. p. 2704.
- ^ "No. 28482". The London Gazette. 4 April 1911. p. 2701.
- ^ "No. 28725". The London Gazette. 3 June 1913. p. 3914.
- ^ "No. 29020". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 December 1914. p. 11124.
- ^ "King's Collections : Archive Catalogues : Military Archives".
- ^ Townshend, Charles (1975). The British Campaign in Ireland, 1919-1921: The Development of Political and Military Policies. Oxford. p. 30. ISBN 019821863X.
- ^ Ainsworth, John S. (2000). British Security Policy in Ireland, 1920-1921: A Desperate Attempt by the Crown to Maintain Anglo-Irish Unity by Force. Proceedings 11th Irish-Australian Conference, Murdoch University, Perth. p. 1.
Further reading
[edit]- Davies, Frank (1997). Bloody Red Tabs: General Officer Casualties of the Great War 1914–1918. London: Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 9781783462377.
- 1861 births
- 1942 deaths
- British Militia officers
- British Army lieutenant generals
- Military personnel from Derby
- People educated at Repton School
- Sherwood Foresters officers
- British Army personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War
- British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
- British Army generals of World War I
- Commanders-in-Chief, Ireland
- Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
- British military personnel of the Irish War of Independence
- Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
- People of the Gallipoli campaign