Draft:Peter Reinhold
 | Draft article not currently submitted for review.
This is a draft Articles for creation (AfC) submission. It is not currently pending review. While there are no deadlines, abandoned drafts may be deleted after six months. To edit the draft click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. To be accepted, a draft should:
It is strongly discouraged to write about yourself, your business or employer. If you do so, you must declare it. Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
Last edited by Apollo468 (talk | contribs) 14 hours ago. (Update) |
Peter Reinhold | |
|---|---|
| Reich Minister for Finance | |
| In office 20 January 1926 – 27 January 1927 | |
| President | Paul von Hindenburg |
| Chancellor | Hans Luther Wilhelm Marx |
| Preceded by | Hans Luther (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Heinrich Köhler |
| Member of the Reichstag for Hesse-Nassau | |
| In office 20 May 1928 – 31 July 1932 | |
| Minister of Finance of Saxony | |
| In office 6 April 1920 – 13 December 1920 | |
| In office 4 January 1924 – 27 January 1926 | |
| Prime Minister | Georg Gradnauer (1920) Wilhelm Buck (1920-1923) Max Heldt (1924-1926) |
| Parliament Member of the Saxon State Parliament | |
| In office 1919–1924 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 December 1887 Blasewitz, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire |
| Died | 1 April 1955 (aged 67) Capri, Italy |
| Political party | DDP (1918-1930) DStP (1930-1933) |
| Spouse |
Caroline Merck (m. 1917) |
| Academic background | |
| Education | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Thesis |
|
| Doctoral advisor | Gerhard Seeliger |
Peter Reinhold (1 December 1887 - 1 April 1955)
Early life
[edit]Peter Reinhold was born on 1 December 1887 at Blasewitz, then a suburb of Dresden, in the German Empire.[1] Reinhold was the son of H. L. Reinhold (1853-1935), a general director, and Gertrud Staudinger, who was an ancestor of Lucas Andreas Staudinger who founded the first agricultural teaching institution in Germany in Groß Flottbek.[2][3] He completed his abitur in 1906 at the Vitzthumschen Gymnasium.[2] After completing his abitur, he studied a wide range of subjects including history, art history, literature, economics and ethnology around Europe in the cities of Freiburg im Breisgau, Rome, Geneva, Berlin, and Leipzig.[4] He received his Doctor of Philosophy in 1911 for a thesis titled Die Empörung König Heinrichs (VII.) gegen seinen Vater (The indignation of King Henry (VII) against his father), which examined the relationship between the English kings Henry VIII and Henry VII of England, from Leipzig University.[5] His doctoral advisor for the thesis was the German historian Gerhard Seeliger, although he also received help from the academians Erich Brandenburg and Karl Weule.[2]
He travelled abroad following the completion of his thesis, but returned to Germany in 1913 to take over the newspaper Leipziger Tageblatt, which he sold to Ullstein Verlag in 1921 in order to devote himself to his political activities fully.[6][7] In addition to this, he founded the publishing house Der Neue Geist in 1917 alongside Kurt Wolff, who was his brother-in-law, which focused on history and he continued to run until 1946 despite Wolff leaving.[8] During this time he also owned Europäische Revue, a conservative pro-European integration magazine that was very influental during the interwar period, which was published by Der Neue Geist.[9][10]
Political career
[edit]Saxon state government
[edit]In 1919 he was elected to the Saxon Volkskammer and the Landtag, the state assemblies of Saxony, as a member of the DDP for constituency two.[4] In that same election, the left-wing Socialist parties, the DDP and SPD, gained the majority of the votes although the SPD formed a minority government which excluded the DDP.[11] He was repeatedly re-elected until 1926,[12] but he left the assemblies on 9 February 1924 in order to focus full-time as being Minister of Finance of Saxony.[4]
In the Volkshammer he opposed the creation of a holiday commemorating 9 November (Schicksalstag), when the republic was proclaimed, arguing that it encouraged social tensions and highlighted class tension and proclaimed it a day which should not be celebrated and felt like rhetoric used by the right, a position which would be widely referenced.[11] During his time in the Landtag he was also part of the Accountability Committee, the Budget Committee, and the Legal Affairs Committee, and served as chairman of the DDP parliamentary group.[4]
He was appointed Reich Minister of Finance of Saxony on 6 April 1920 in the cabinet of Georg Gradnauer, a position he would hold until 13 December 1920.[13] He regained this position in the cabinet of Max Heldt from 4 January 1924 to 27 January 1926.[13] He advocated for a cultural foundation to preserve the cultural assets of Saxony in this role.[14] He also criticized the "faulty revenue estimates" of Otto von Schlieben and so the heavy tax load had led to a cut in production, and instead suggested using using the surplus and a deficit, a position shared by Hermann Höpker-Aschoff who was the Minister of Finance of Prussia.[15]
Reich Minister of Finance
[edit]
Reinhold was appointed Reich Minister for Finance in the second Hans Luther cabinet on 20 January 1926.[16]
He drew criticism from the DNVP when he drafted a plan to rearrange the locations of Reich ministeries which was criticized as an enabling act.[17]
Reinhold said that tax cuts were needed to stimulate the economy, utilizing money from the Productive Unemployment Welfare Fund, suggesting that there needed to be a reduction of value-added tax, merger tax, and stock exchange tax.[18] He said that these measures were possible if the Reichstag prevented voting on expenditures without ensuring revenues.[18] Reinhold also planned to stimulate exports in order to increase job opportunities.[19] He explained his startegy as "close to the limit of a deficit", which broke from many of his predecessors as minister.[2] However, he also prioritized guaranteeing that the Dawes Plan payments would go through.[20] Reinhold had previously criticized Otto von Schlieben’s surplus policies.[19]
However, the law which became known as the "tax mitigation law" was defused because of interest groups, and it led to the expenditures causing budgetary difficulties.[4] He also ran into trouble as he casted doubted that annuities that were supposed to be due to the United States under the Dawes plan would ever be able to be met.[21] He then advocated on a strict limit on spending because of this, although there was an upswing of the economy in 1927.[4] On 17 December 1926 the cabinet resigned, but he continued as part of a caretaker government. Subsequently, it was debated that the German slump a few years later was not caused by Reinhold, but the failure to follow up on his budget plan and a return to fiscal orthodoxy.[19]
He officially left the post as minister on 27 January 1927.
Reichstag
[edit]Later career
[edit]
Personal life
[edit]in 1917 he married Caroline Merck, a of the businessman Carl Emanuel Merck, who came from the powerful Merck family in Darmstadt.[2] Their marriage produced two sons: Lukas-Andreas (born 1918) and Peter (born 1928).[2]
Death
[edit]Honours and awards
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Der Demokrat: organ der Deutschen demokratischen partei (in German). Deutschen demokratischen partei. 1929. p. 444. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f "Reinhold, Peter". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ Ebert, Jochen (2013). Domänengüter im Fürstenstaat: die Landgüter der Landgrafen und Kurfürsten von Hessen (16.-19. Jahrhundert) : Bestand - Typen - Funktionen (in German). Hessische Historische Kommission Darmstadt. p. 394. ISBN 978-3-88443-321-8. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f "Biografie von Peter Reinhold (1887-1955) - Sächsische Biografie | ISGV e.V." saebi.isgv.de. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ BCRH (in French). Commission royale d'histoire. 1912. p. XXIX. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ Jahn, Peter (1988). Die Gewerkschaften in der Endphase der Republik 1930-1933 (in German). Bund-Verlag. p. 977. ISBN 978-3-7663-0904-4. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ Papier-Zeitung (in German). C. Hoffmann. 1921. p. 1868. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ Kafka, Franz; Koch, Hans-Gerd (2005). Briefe, 1914-1917 (in German). S. Fischer. p. 715. ISBN 978-3-10-038161-3. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ Müller, Guido (15 December 2014). Europäische Gesellschaftsbeziehungen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg: Das Deutsch-Französische Studienkomitee und der Europäische Kulturbund (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 322. ISBN 978-3-486-71376-3. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ Heise, Tillmann (16 December 2024). Das ‚andere‘ Europa der Schriftsteller: Ideen, Netzwerke und Schreibweisen des antiliberalen Europa-Diskurses in Deutschland und Österreich (1918–1934). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-152849-6. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
Europäische Revue, die im April 1925, wie oben erwähnt, erstmals im Verlag Der Neue Geist von Peter Reinhold erschienen war, und in der Forschung als „bedeutendste deutschsprachige Europazeitschrift der Zwischenkriegszeit"
- ^ a b Lapp, Benjamin (1997). Revolution from the right : politics, class, and the rise of Nazism in Saxony, 1919-1933. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press. pp. 28–29, 66. ISBN 978-0-391-04027-4. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ "Auszug aus BIOWEIL". archive.ph. 16 July 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ a b "Sachsen: Die Gesamtministerien 1918-1933". www.gonschior.de. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ "Aspekte sächsischer Landtagsgeschichte Varianten der Moderne (1868–1952)" (PDF). www.landtag.sachsen.de. p. 69. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ Clingan, C. Edmund (1994). "Breaking the Balance: The Debate over Emergency Unemployment Aid in Weimar Germany, 1925-6". Journal of Contemporary History. 29 (3): 371–384. ISSN 0022-0094. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ Zeitschrift für neuere Rechtsgeschichte (in German). Manzsche Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung. 1995. p. 86. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ Stibbe, Matthew (2 January 2023). "From the Wartime State of Siege to Weimar's Early Years: Parliamentarism and States of Emergency in Germany, 1914–1924". First World War Studies. 14 (1): 91–113. doi:10.1080/19475020.2024.2307050. ISSN 1947-5020. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ a b "Die Kabinette Luther I und II. Band I (Edition "Akten der Reichskanzlei, Weimarer Republik")". www.bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ a b c Clingan, C. Edmund. "The Budget Debate of 1926: A Case Study in Weimar Democracy" (PDF). library.fes.de. pp. 34, 37, 44. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ "Germany On Way Toward Stabilization". Winnipeg Tribune. 15 April 1926. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ "Prominent German Doubts That Nation Can Pay Debt". Anaconda Standard. 31 July 1927. Retrieved 9 February 2025.