Draft:EDUCATION IN CHINA

Xushbaroy Xamrayeva ( 09.02.2025)

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CHINA

INTRODUCTION

education system in china

China is considered third the well-developed countries in terms of education technology and massive production from all over the world. The infrastructure, development is connected to education, knowledge. The Chinese educational system is combination of educational institutions and standards. Chinese Government, the Ministry of Education plays a crucial role in overseeing the nation's educational efforts, developing comprehensive plans, and coordinating and managing the educational affairs of the entire country. The preeminence of China in every aspect has consistently been a source of wonder for individuals worldwide.

After reading this article, the reader will learn about:

1 Significance of Education in Chinese Culture

2 Structure of modern education system

3 Advantages and challenges of education system

THE ANCIENT CHINA Education in China has been the focus of government attention for centuries.The early improvement in education initiated (551 B C - 4779 B C) with the education of Confucius.Modern improvements and market reforms started in the late 19^th which was brought significant, albeit uneven, improvements in living standards, along with fundamental changes in social class structures and unprecedented economic disparities. During the same period, the school system has also experienced significant improvement, in curriculum, teaching methods, education tools.

By the turn of the century, the educational system had advanced in terms of structure, financial and content. It had become more market-oriented and was catering to an increasingly diverse student population. A combination of economic and educational policy decisions ultimately expanded access to education and created opportunities for local curriculum and financial innovations.

The impact of Confucius education.

Since ancient times, the Chinese have been navigated by the teachings of Confucius. Confucius believed in providing education to all walks of life, regardless of their social status. Education has been a powerful tool for success in China. Individuals from various backgrounds can rise to prominence through proper education. He emphasized education is not only source of knowledge but also source of motivation, creativity. Chinese education is firmly based on democratic principles and is open to everyone. It offers the opportunity to improve one's social standing through study and examination. The Chinese people follow the teachings of Confucius and use the prospect of education as their motivation. They dedicate themselves to memorizing classical texts and preparing for exams, with the goal of achieving a higher social status in the future.

Structure of modern education system.

Education system contain several steps as other countries but they  a vocational education, which is that after entering higher education they will recieve a vocation before starting university, because of strict and hard examine system.

Early Childhood Education.

Preschool education in China focuses on foundational skills and social development for children aged 3 to 6. The curriculum contains, basic numeracy, language acquisition, and interactive play to prepare children for primary school. Moreover, children thought some actions which is helpful to extreme situations in their future life. For instance, teachers organize several situations like burglary, fire, cooking, swimming to teach children how to react to save their life in those situations.

International Students in China by Province (2016)

Primary Education

Primary education in China is compulsory and lasts for six years, starting at the age of 6. The curriculum includes Chinese language, mathematics, science, physical education, music, and art. Primary schools aim to instill strong foundational knowledge and moral values in students.

Firstly, of course, they study the complicate Chinese language – in just a few years they have to learn how to read and write about 3,000 characters. There is no alphabet with sounds that you put together to make words like in English. Each complicated-looking character is like a little picture that they have to learn off by heart and know how to draw right every time. And they even have to learn to draw them with a paintbrush. As well as learning Chinese, kids study mathematics, physical education, music, art, nature, literature, and – very important – moral education.

Secondary education

Secondary education consists of three years of junior middle school and three years of senior middle school. The curriculum expands to include subjects like history, geography, foreign languages, and computer studies. At the end of senior middle school, students take the National College Entrance Examination, or Gaokao, which determines their eligibility for higher education. Senior secondary education often refers to three years of high school education, as from grade 10 to grade 12.

Higher Education or Vocational education.

After graduating secondary education young adults are able to choose their future career by studying one of these education place. In the last few decades China`s education sector has undergone magnificent transformation from a nation of poverty and under development to a formidable economic force. There are several vocational schools like   Shandong Lanxiang Technical College, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Beijing Fengtai Vocational High School, Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, Wenzhou Polytechnic. Which are offering a wide range of programs in engineering, AI, architecture engineering, economics, tourism, and many more.

High education is suitable for people who is aimed to pursue education. After graduating secondary school students will receive 4 years normal high education and unlike other countries education system they will have study 3 years in Master degree program, and 3 years in Doctoral programs. According to data from the Ministry of Education, in 2023, the number of students in China’s higher education has exceeded 40 million, making it the country with the largest scale of higher education in the world. The gross enrollment rate of higher education exceeds 50%, signaling that higher education in China has entered a stage of popularization.

In conclusion, the Chinese people believe that their development depends on the quality of education.  Therefore, education is received under strict supervision and students' knowledge is under constant control.  Students learn to work with the latest technologies and robotics right from school.  that's why inventors in China mostly come from young people.

References

1)https://medium.com/the-cinderverse/inside-chinas-education-system-what-you-need-to-know-cdf65d363c82 Inside China’s Education System:What You Need to Know (23.10.2023)

2)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12115-017-0134-9  A brief history of imperial examination and its influences

3)https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1af03ad934ef994cac13210124c531a972dc3b82 Chinese education and tradition ( 2008)

4)https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9780203960950&type=googlepdfEDUCATION AND REFORM IN CHINA ( E Hannum 2007)

5)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059308000266 Curriculum reform and quality education in China B Dello lacovo 2009

6)https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9781315018881&type=googlepdf Education in modern China ( F Price 2014)

7)https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00131881.2011.552243 Parental involvement and children`s readiness for school in China. ( EYH Lau, H Li, N Rao 2011)

8) https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2013-08376-002.html Students' perceptions of school climate in the U.S. and China. By Yang, Chunyan,Bear, George G.,Chen, Fang Fang,Zhang, Wei,Blank, Jessica C.,Huang, Xishan

School Psychology Quarterly, Vol 28(1), Mar 2013