Dendrolycopodium hickeyi
| Dendrolycopodium hickeyi | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Lycophytes |
| Class: | Lycopodiopsida |
| Order: | Lycopodiales |
| Family: | Lycopodiaceae |
| Genus: | Dendrolycopodium |
| Species: | D. hickeyi
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| Binomial name | |
| Dendrolycopodium hickeyi | |
| Synonyms | |
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Dendrolycopodium hickeyi (synonym Lycopodium hickeyi) known as Hickey's tree club-moss[1] or Pennsylvania clubmoss,[2] is a North American species of clubmoss in the family Lycopodiaceae. It is native to eastern and Central Canada (from Newfoundland to Ontario with isolated populations in Saskatchewan) and the eastern and north-central United States (from Maine west to Minnesota and south as far as Tennessee and North Carolina).[3] The genus Dendrolycopodium is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I),[4] but not in other classifications, which submerge the genus in a larger Lycopodium.[5]
Description
[edit]Similar to other members of the genus, the sporophyte of Dendrolycopodium hickeyi resembles the seedlings of some conifers. The upright sporophytes grow from subterranean horizontal stems, often causing tree club-mosses to be found in clusters.[6][7] The upright sporophytes have small, green microphylls (leaves) extending from the ground to the tips of their branches (branches 4–7mm in diameter).[6] These plants remain green throughout the winter and in their final year, they produce usually a single, unstalked (sessile) terminal strobilus from which spores are released.
Identification
[edit]Dendrolycopodium hickeyi is ostensibly very similar to D. obscurum which overlaps with D. hickeyi in range. While D. obscurum has reduced leaves on the underside of the branches, D. hickeyi has leaves of equal length around the branches[6][8][7] (as reflected by its former name, Lycopodium obscurum var. isophyllum:[9][10] iso- [“equal”] + -phyllum [“leaf”]). D. hickeyi can be distinguished from D. dendroideum, which also has leaves of equal length around their branches, by the orientation of these leaves. D. hickeyi and D. obscurum both have a single rank of leaves on the top of the branches while D. dendroideum has leaves in ranks of two on the top of each branch. D. hickeyi also has leaves which are appressed to the stem below the first branches (unlike spreading leaves in D. dendroideum[11]). The strobilus of D. hickeyi is also intermediate in length between D. obscurum and D. dendroideum.[6][7]
Range and Habitat
[edit]D. hickeyi is native across the northeastern United States and Eastern Canada.[2][3][6] It grows in shaded, sandy soil, and can be found in dry or mesic conifer forests.[12][10][13] It's range overlaps with several other lycophytes, including D. obscurum and D. dendroideum, which were previously classified as varieties of each other.[2][3][10][11]
Taxonomy
[edit]The oldest name for the taxon is Lycopodium obscurum var. isophyllum.[9][10][14] In elevating the plants from varietal level to species level, Wagner et al. opted to forgo the common (but not mandatory) custom of using the old varietal epithet as the new species epithet since D. hickeyi and D. dendroideum both have leaves of equal length around the branches. They chose instead the name Lycopodium hickeyi in honor of the pteridologist James Hickey who originally described the plant as L. obscurum var. isophyllum.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Flora of North America, Lycopodium hickeyi W. H. Wagner, Beitel, & R. C. Moran, 1989. Hickey's tree club-moss, lycopode de Hickey
- ^ a b c NRCS. "Lycopodium hickeyi". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ a b c Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map, Dendrolycopodium hickeyi
- ^ PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
- ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
- ^ a b c d e "Lycopodium hickeyi - FNA". floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
- ^ a b c Cobb, Boughton; Farnsworth, Elizabeth; Lowe, Cheryl (2005). A field guide to ferns and their related families : northeastern and central North America (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-618-39406-0. OCLC 57613548.
- ^ a b Wagner, Warren Herbert, Beitel, Joseph M., & Moran, Robbin Craig. 1989. American Fern Journal 79: 119–121
- ^ a b Hickey, Ralph James. 1977. American Fern Journal 67: 47-48 diagnosis in Latin, description and figure captions in English
- ^ a b c d "Dendrolycopodium hickeyi (Hickey's Clubmoss): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ a b "Dendrolycopodium dendroideum (Tree Clubmoss): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ "Dendrolycopodium hickeyi | FLNPS". flnps.org. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ "Dendrolycopodium hickeyi - Species Page - NYFA: New York Flora Atlas". newyork.plantatlas.usf.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ Hickey, Ralph James. 1977. American Fern Journal 67: 46 line drawings, figures 4-6 in center
