Crkveni Bok
Crkveni Bok | |
|---|---|
Village | |
  Crkveni Bok Location of Crkveni Bok in Croatia | |
| Coordinates: 45°20′42″N 16°43′12″E / 45.34500°N 16.72000°E | |
| Country |  Croatia |
| Region | Continental Croatia (Banovina) |
| County |  Sisak-Moslavina |
| Municipality | Sunja |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7.7 km2 (3.0 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 92 m (302 ft) |
| Population (2021)[2] | |
| • Total | 75 |
| • Density | 9.7/km2 (25/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 44214 Bobovac |
| Area code | (+385) 44 |
Crkveni Bok is a village in central Croatia, in the municipality of Sunja, Sisak-Moslavina County. It is located in the Banija region, in the fertile plains on the right bank of the Sava river, to the east of the town of Sunja and some 20 km north-west of village of Jasenovac.
History
[edit]The village of Crkveni Bok was established in the late 17th century when Orthodox Serbs from Podkozarje area in Bosnia settled there.[3] The village became a part of the Military Frontier which, at the time, was expanding onto former Ottoman territories such as Lika, Kordun, Banija and lower Slavonia.
During the World War II, the village was a part of the Nazi-puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia. At the time, the Crkveni Bok municipality comprised the villages of Crkveni Bok, Strmen and Ivanjski Bok. Already in early autumn of 1941, the villages' population was subjected to conversion to the Roman Catholic faith.[4]
The three villages, often referred to as the "Banija Triangle", suffered heavy demographic losses with nearly 30% of its population perishing in the World War II.
The first massacre was committed on October 13, 1942 by members of the Ustaše Defense Association (UOZ) from Jasenovac, led by Ljubo Miloš, and on that occasion over 90 residents of the municipality of Crkveni Bok were killed, while hundreds were interned in concentration camps in Jasenovac and Sisak. The municipality of Crkveni Bok had an agreement with the German forces on the supply of food, which is why General Edmund Gleise von Horstenau intervened in favor of its imprisoned residents. Most of the inhabitants of the municipality were released from the camp not long after, and the intervention of the German authorities in this case helped to temporarily remove Maks Luburić from his functions in Jasenovac and UOZ.[5]
In mid-October 1943, Crkveni Bok was burned down by members of the 11th SS division "Nordland".[5] During June 1944, there were new incursions by UOZ units into Crkveni Bok, during which 19 residents of the settlement were killed. In these attacks, the Ustashas were assisted by a local Chetnik unit, the so-called Self-defense brigade "Banija".[5] The next massacre took place already on August 22, 1944, and was again committed by the personnel of the Ustasha Defense Association, under the command of Jakov Džal: on this occasion, at least 10 Serbian civilians were killed in the village of Crkveni Bok, while another 70 were killed in the Jasenovac camp after a short internment.[5]
In the first half of September 1944, the UOZ invaded the village once again and killed 8 villagers; on that occasion, the Orthodox church in the village was also demolished. On the same day, a company of the UOZ raids the neighboring majority-Croatian village of Bobovac, where refugees from Crkveni Bok were housed - 24 refugees were interned on this occasion and soon killed in Jasenovac. The last crime against the population of this village took place on December 10, 1944, when over 30 refugees from Crkveni Bok, who found temporary accommodation in those villages, were killed in a UOZ raid on the majority Croatian villages of Žremen and Bistrač.[5]
Culture
[edit]The local branch of the Serb Cultural Society of Prosvjeta was established in the village in 1945. In 1971, after the Croatian Spring, all activities of the SKD Prosvjeta were suspended along with the activities of Matica hrvatska.[6] The cultural association in Crkveni Bok was re-established in 1974 under the new name, KUD “Savski lugovi” Crkveni Bok.[7]
Demographics
[edit]According to the 2011 census,[8] the village of Crkveni Bok has 117 inhabitants. This represents 28.82% of its pre-war population.
According to the 1991 census,[9] 95.32% of the village population were ethnic Serbs (387/406).
- NOTE: From 1957-1971 includes data for Blinjska Greda settlement. From 1981 census on, Blinjska Greda settlement is reported separately.
Notable natives and residents
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2018) |
References
[edit]- ^ Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia. Wikidata Q119585703.
- ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
- ^ Filip Škiljan, “Akcija Crkveni Bok”/"Action Crkveni Bok", Radovi – Zavod za hrvatsku povijest, Zagreb, 2005.
- ^ Filip Škiljan, “Akcija Crkveni Bok”/"Action Crkveni Bok", Radovi – Zavod za hrvatsku povijest, pg 326 & 327, Zagreb, 2005.
- ^ a b c d e Radanović, Milan (2020). ""Vaša pobjeda, naša osveta." Stradanje stanovništva općine Crkveni Bok 1943. i 1944". Tragovi (in Croatian). 3 (2): 81–85 – via Hrčak.
- ^ "Srpsko kulturno društvo Prosvjeta". Serb National Council. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
- ^ "KUD "Savski lugovi" Crkveni Bok". selo.hr (in Croatian). 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
- ^ a b "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Crkveni Bok". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
- ^ Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku RH: Narodnosni sastav stanovništva RH od 1880-1991. godine.
- ^ Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857-2001, www.dzs.hr
45°23′21″N 16°26′39″E / 45.38917°N 16.44417°E
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