Battle of the Windward Passage
| Battle of the Windward Paassage | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Seven Years' War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Great Britain |
 France | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Charles Holmes |
Unknown | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
2 frigates 1 post ship |
4 frigates 1 corvette 3 merchant ships | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| light |
200 casualties 3 frigates lost 1 corvette lost 3 merchant ships lost | ||||||
The Battle of the Windward Passage was a small naval action between French and British fleets that occurred on 17 to 19 October 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The action took place in the Caribbean between Cap-Français and Eastern Cuba and resulted in a British victory.[1]
At dawn on 17 October 1760, Admiral Charles Holmes in the 50-gun Hampshire (1741), Captain Coningsby Norbury, took HMS Boreas, Samuel Uvedale, and the 20-gun HMS Lively, Frederick Lewis Maitland, to intercept a French convoy they had sighted in the Windward Passage. The convoy was escorted by the 32-frigates Sirène, Duc de Choiseul, Prince Edward, and Fleur de Lys, and the 20-gun corvette Valeur.[2]
The British gave chase but light winds slowed hampered them so it was evening before the lead ship Boreas could engage Sirène. French fire disabled Boreas aloft with the result that Boreas could not engage Sirène again until the following afternoon.[3][Note 1] Boreas emerged victorious from the engagement, capturing Sirène, which suffered about 80 men killed and wounded, most of whom died later; Boreas lost only one man killed and one wounded.[2]
The next day Lively, using her sweeps, caught up at daybreak with the rearmost French vessel, Valeur. She had a crew of 160 men under the command of a Captain Talbot. Lively overhauled her off the eastern tip of Cuba and pounded her into submission after an engagement of 90 minutes.[1] Lively had two men killed but no wounded; Valeur had 38 killed and 25 wounded, including her captain, master, and boatswain.
At the same time Hampshire, off the coast of Sainte Domingue, chased the frigate Prince Edward on shore where the 180 crewmen under the command of Captain Dubois set fire to her, causing her to blow up. Duc de Choiseul, with 180 men under the command of Captain Bellevan, escaped into Port-de-Paix. Fleur de Lys, with 190 crewmen under the command of Captain Diguarty, was found in an unprotected bay to leeward on 19 October; her crew scuttled her to prevent capture by Hampshire.[1] The British also captured three merchant frigates – two carried cargoes of sugar and indigo and had only been a day out of Cap-Français.[1]
Cambridge, Boreas, Hussar, and Viper, shared by agreement in the prize money for Sirene, Valeur, the merchant ships Maria, Elizabeth, and Pursue.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Notes
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c d Marely, p. 288.
- ^ a b "No. 10077". The London Gazette. 7 February 1761. p. 2.
- ^ Charnock (1794–98), pp. 419–420.
- ^ Clowes et al. (1897–1903), p. 226.
- ^ "No. 10264". The London Gazette. 23 November 1762. p. 7.
Bibliography
[edit]- Charnock, John (1797). Biographia navalis; or, Impartial memoirs of the lives and characters of officers of the navy of Great Britain, from the year 1660 to the present time; drawn from the most authentic sources, and disposed in a chronological arrangement (1794). R. Faulder.
- Clowes, Sir William Laird; Markham, Sir Clements R (1897–1903). The Royal Navy: a history from the earliest times to the present. Little, Brown and Co.
- Marley, David (2008). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere. ABC CLIO. ISBN 978-1598841008.