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Asuka-Fujiwara

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Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties is a cluster of archaeological sites from in and around the late sixth- to early eighth-century capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara-kyō, Nara Prefecture, Japan. In 2007, twenty-eight sites were submitted jointly for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List under criteria ii, iii, iv, v, and vi.[1][2] As of 28 January 2025, the number of component sites in the nominated property has been reduced to nineteen.[3][4] Currently, the submission is included on the Tentative List.[1] The Japanese government is aiming for inscription in 2026.[5]

Since 2011, the Cultural Landscape of the Asuka Hinterland has been protected as one of the Cultural Landscapes of Japan.[6] An area of 60 ha is also protected within the Asuka Historical National Government Park.[7] Related artefacts are housed at the Asuka Historical Museum.[8]

Component sites

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As of 28 January 2025, the nominated property comprises nineteen component sites:[3][4]

Site Municipality Comments Image Coordinates
Asuka Palace Site
飛鳥宮跡
Asuka no miya ato
Asuka comprising the sites of the Okamoto Palace [ja], Itabuki Palace [ja], Later Okamoto Palace [Wikidata], and Kiyomihara Palace [ja][3] 34°28′24″N 135°49′16″E / 34.473413°N 135.821125°E / 34.473413; 135.821125 (Asuka Palace Site)
Asuka Pond Garden Site
飛鳥京跡苑池
Asuka-kyō ato enchi
Asuka Historic Site and Place of Scenic Beauty, a pair of ponds in gardens extending 80 metres E-W and at least 230 metres N-S and related to the Itabuki Palace [ja][9][10] 34°28′30″N 135°49′07″E / 34.474987°N 135.818604°E / 34.474987; 135.818604 (Asuka Pond Garden Site)
Asuka Water Clock Site
飛鳥水落遺跡
Asuka mizuochi iseki
Asuka Historic Site[11] 34°28′49″N 135°49′06″E / 34.48035257°N 135.81829106°E / 34.48035257; 135.81829106 (Asuka Water Clock Site)
Sakafuneishi Ritual Site
酒船石遺跡
Sakafune-ishi iseki
Asuka Historic Site[12] 34°28′32″N 135°49′24″E / 34.47555984°N 135.82345272°E / 34.47555984; 135.82345272 (Sakafuneishi Ritual Site)
Asuka-dera Temple Site
飛鳥寺跡
Asukadera ato
Asuka Historic Site[13] 34°28′43″N 135°49′14″E / 34.4784979°N 135.82058527°E / 34.4784979; 135.82058527 (Asuka-dera Temple Site)
Tachibana-dera Temple Site
橘寺跡
Tachibanadera ato
Asuka Historic Site[14] 34°28′12″N 135°49′04″E / 34.47008648°N 135.81773828°E / 34.47008648; 135.81773828 (Tachibana-dera Temple Site)
Yamada-dera Temple Site
山田寺跡
Yamadadera ato
Sakurai Special Historic Site with well-preserved ICP wooden corridors discovered in 1982[15][16][17] 34°29′03″N 135°49′48″E / 34.48404558°N 135.83012668°E / 34.48404558; 135.83012668 (Yamada-dera Temple Site)
Kawara-dera Temple Site
川原寺跡
Kawaradera ato
Asuka Historic Site and temple complex with roof tiles that are "among the most beautiful ever made in Japan"[18][19] 34°28′21″N 135°49′03″E / 34.47249006°N 135.81740826°E / 34.47249006; 135.81740826 (Kawara-dera Temple Site)
Hinokuma-dera Temple Site
檜隈寺跡
Hinokumadera ato
Asuka Historic Site and recipient in 686 of a thirty-year maintenance grant of a hundred households, as chronicled in Nihon Shoki[20][21][22] 34°27′24″N 135°48′11″E / 34.456757°N 135.803116°E / 34.456757; 135.803116 (Hinokuma-dera Temple Site)
Ishibutai Mounded Tomb
石舞台古墳
Ishibutai kofun
Asuka C7 kofun; the largest stone weighs over seventy-five tons; Special Historic Site[23][24] 34°28′01″N 135°49′34″E / 34.46686286°N 135.82612794°E / 34.46686286; 135.82612794 (Ishibutai Mounded Tomb)
Shobuike Mounded Tomb
菖蒲池古墳
Shōbuike kofun
Kashihara Historic Site and C7 rectangular tumulus with two sarcophagi[25][26] 34°28′21″N 135°48′28″E / 34.47263012°N 135.80771678°E / 34.47263012; 135.80771678 (Shobuike Mounded Tomb)
Kengoshizuka Mounded Tomb
牽牛子塚古墳
Kengoshizuka kofun
Asuka Historic Site with ICP grave goods[27][28] 34°27′59″N 135°47′33″E / 34.466469°N 135.792419°E / 34.466469; 135.792419 (Kengoshizuka Mounded Tomb)
Fujiwara Palace Site
藤原宮跡
Fujiwara-kyū seki
Kashihara Special Historic Site in the former capital[29] 34°30′08″N 135°48′26″E / 34.50222329°N 135.80732073°E / 34.50222329; 135.80732073 (Fujiwara Palace Site)
Daikandaiji Temple Site
大官大寺跡
Daikandaiji ato
Kashihara Historic Site and precursor to Daian-ji[19][30] 34°29′18″N 135°49′05″E / 34.48844301°N 135.81818651°E / 34.48844301; 135.81818651 (Daikandaiji Temple Site)
Motoyakushiji Temple Site
本薬師寺跡
Moto Yakushiji ato
Kashihara Special Historic Site and precursor to Yakushi-ji; established by Emperor Temmu for the recovery of Empress Jitō[19][31][32] 34°29′34″N 135°48′00″E / 34.49266238°N 135.7999852°E / 34.49266238; 135.7999852 (Motoyakushiji Temple Site)
Mounded Tomb of Emperor Temmu and Empress Jito
天武・持統天皇陵古墳
Tenmu・Jitō tennō ryō kofun
Asuka 34°28′08″N 135°48′28″E / 34.468756°N 135.807825°E / 34.468756; 135.807825 (Mounded Tomb of Emperor Temmu and Empress Jito)
Nakaoyama Mounded Tomb
中尾山古墳
Nakaoyama kofun
Asuka Historic Site[33] 34°27′51″N 135°48′22″E / 34.46422182°N 135.8059738°E / 34.46422182; 135.8059738 (Nakaoyama Mounded Tomb)
Kitora Mounded Tomb
キトラ古墳
Kitora kofun
Asuka Special Historic Site with National Treasure wall paintings of the four directions and an astronomical chart, also recently detached[34][35][36] 34°27′04″N 135°48′19″E / 34.4510899°N 135.80516226°E / 34.4510899; 135.80516226 (Kitora Mounded Tomb)
Takamatsuzuka Mounded Tomb
高松塚古墳
Takamatsuzuka kofun
Asuka Special Historic Site with National Treasure wall paintings (detached in 2007) and ICP grave goods[37][38][39][34] 34°27′44″N 135°48′22″E / 34.46226847°N 135.80619935°E / 34.46226847; 135.80619935 (Takamatsuzuka Mounded Tomb)

Previously-nominated component sites

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The following sites formed part of the original submission:[2]

Site Municipality Comments Image Coordinates
Jōrin-ji Site
定林寺跡
Jōrinji ato
Asuka Historic Site[40] 34°28′01″N 135°48′46″E / 34.46688944°N 135.81272012°E / 34.46688944; 135.81272012 (Jōrin-ji Site)
Iwayayama Kofun
岩屋山古墳
Iwayayama kofun
Asuka Historic Site[41] 34°27′57″N 135°47′51″E / 34.46571205°N 135.79763412°E / 34.46571205; 135.79763412 (Iwayayama Kofun)
Itabuki Palace Site
伝飛鳥板蓋宮
den Asuka Itabuki no miya ato
Asuka Historic Site and one of the imperial palaces while the capital was at Asuka[42] 34°28′24″N 135°49′16″E / 34.47337281°N 135.82100944°E / 34.47337281; 135.82100944 (Itabuki Palace Site)
Inabuchi Palace Site
飛鳥稲淵宮殿跡
Asuka Inabuchi kyūden ato
Asuka Historic Site[43] 34°27′47″N 135°49′20″E / 34.46299334°N 135.82229861°E / 34.46299334; 135.82229861 (Inabuchi Palace Site)
Marukoyama Kofun
マルコ山古墳
Marukoyama kofun
Asuka Historic Site[44] 34°27′39″N 135°47′26″E / 34.46096019°N 135.79068029°E / 34.46096019; 135.79068029 (Marukoyama Kofun)
Asuka Pond Workshop Site
飛鳥池工房遺跡
Asuka-ike kōbō iseki
Asuka Historic Site and government workshop, producing items of gold, silver, bronze, and iron, as well as lacquerware; also a mint[45][46] 34°28′38″N 135°49′21″E / 34.47728182°N 135.82244459°E / 34.47728182; 135.82244459 (Asuka Pond Workshop Site)
Oka-dera Site
岡寺跡
Okadera ato
Asuka Historic Site[47][48] 34°28′18″N 135°49′41″E / 34.47165872°N 135.82804543°E / 34.47165872; 135.82804543 (Oka-dera Site)
Ueyama Kofun
植山古墳
Ueyama kofun
Kashihara Historic Site unearthed during studies to reroute the city's roads, comprising two rectangular burial mounds c.13m long with stone chambers in a hill measuring 40x27m; of different construction dates in late C6 and C7[49][50] 34°28′35″N 135°48′14″E / 34.47635104°N 135.80402341°E / 34.47635104; 135.80402341 (Ueyama Kofun)
Maruyama Kofun
丸山古墳
Maruyama kofun
Kashihara Historic Site investigated by William Gowland, a rectangular chamber with two sarcophagi, long corridor, and stone roof weighing in excess of a hundred tons[51][52] 34°28′36″N 135°47′53″E / 34.47661917°N 135.79816017°E / 34.47661917; 135.79816017 (Maruyama Kofun)
Fujiwara-kyō Suzaku Avenue Site
藤原京朱雀大路跡
Fujiwara-kyō seki Suzaku-ōji ato
Kashihara Historic Site (see also Suzakumon)[53] 34°29′46″N 135°48′27″E / 34.49613691°N 135.80745531°E / 34.49613691; 135.80745531 (Fujiwara-kyō Suzaku Avenue Site)
Yamato Sanzan
大和三山
Yamato sanzan
Kashihara Place of Scenic Beauty and meisho celebrated in Japanese poetry[54] 34°30′54″N 135°48′20″E / 34.51488847°N 135.80560453°E / 34.51488847; 135.80560453 (Yamato Sanzan)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related Properties". UNESCO. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  2. ^ a b "Monuments". Asuka Mura. Retrieved 2 Feb 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "About Asuka-Fujiwara". Asuka-Fujiwara World Heritage Inscription Promotion Council. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  4. ^ a b 飛鳥・藤原の宮都(令和7年1月28日推薦) [Ancient Capitals of Asuka-Fujiwara (Recommended 28 January 2025)] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  5. ^ "Japan recommends ancient capitals in Nara Pref. for UNESCO listing". The Mainichi. 28 January 2025. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  6. ^ "奥飛鳥の文化的景観" [Cultural Landscape of the Asuka Hinterland]. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  7. ^ "Asuka Historical National Government Park". Asuka Historical National Government Park. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  8. ^ "Asuka Historical Museum". Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  9. ^ "飛鳥京跡苑池" [Asuka Palace Ponds]. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  10. ^ 史跡 名勝 飛鳥京跡苑池 [Historic Site & Place of Scenic Beauty: Asuka Palace Pond] (in Japanese). Kashihara City. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  11. ^ "飛鳥水落遺跡" [Asuka Mizuochi Site]. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  12. ^ 酒船石遺跡 [Sakafune Ishi Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  13. ^ "飛鳥寺跡" [Asukadera Site]. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  14. ^ 橘寺境内 [Tachibanadera Precinct] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  15. ^ 山田寺跡 [Yamadadera Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  16. ^ 奈良県山田寺跡出土品 [Excavated Artefacts from Yamadadera] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  17. ^ Parent, Mary Neighbour (1984). "Yamadadera: Tragedy and Triumph". Monumenta Nipponica. 39 (3). Sophia University: 307–331. doi:10.2307/2384596. JSTOR 2384596.
  18. ^ 川原寺跡 [Kawaradera Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  19. ^ a b c McCallum, Donald F (2009). The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3114-1.
  20. ^ 檜隈寺跡 [Hinokumadera Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  21. ^ "Site of Hinokuma-dera". Kashihara City. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  22. ^ Aston, W.G. (1972) [1896]. Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. Vol. 2. Tuttle. p. 379. ISBN 0-8048-0984-4.
  23. ^ 石舞台古墳 [Ishibutai Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  24. ^ "Ishibutai Kofun". Asuka Historical Museum. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  25. ^ 菖蒲池古墳 [Shōbuike Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  26. ^ "Shobu-ike Kofun". Asuka Historical Museum. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  27. ^ 牽牛子塚古墳・越塚御門古墳 [Kengoshizuka Kofun・Koshitsukagomon Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  28. ^ 大和国高市郡牽牛子塚古墳出土品 [Excavated Artefacts from Koshitsukagomon Kofun, Takaichi District, Yamato Province] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  29. ^ 藤原宮跡 [Fujiwara Palace Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  30. ^ "大官大寺跡" [Daikandaiji Site]. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  31. ^ 本薬師寺跡 [Moto Yakushiji Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  32. ^ "Moto Yakushiji". Asuka Historical Museum. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  33. ^ 中尾山古墳 [Nakaoyama Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  34. ^ a b ""Conservation" of mural paintings of Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli Japan" (PDF). French Ministry of Culture. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  35. ^ キトラ古墳 [Kitora Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  36. ^ キトラ古墳壁画 [Wall Paintings from Kitora Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
  37. ^ 高松塚古墳 [Takamatsuzuka Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  38. ^ 高松塚古墳壁画 [Wall Paintings from Takamatsuzuka Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  39. ^ 高松塚古墳出土品 [Excavated Artefacts from the Takamatsuzuka Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  40. ^ 定林寺跡 [Jōrinji Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  41. ^ 岩屋山古墳 [Iwayama Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  42. ^ 伝飛鳥板蓋宮跡 [Site known as the Asuka Itabuki Palace] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  43. ^ "飛鳥稲淵宮殿跡" [Asuka Inabuchi Palace Site]. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  44. ^ マルコ山古墳 [Marukoyama Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  45. ^ 飛鳥池工房遺跡 [Asuka Pond Workshop Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  46. ^ "Site of Asuka-ike workshop". Kashihara City. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  47. ^ 岡寺跡 [Okadera Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  48. ^ "Oka-dera". Asuka Historical Museum. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  49. ^ 植山古墳 [Ueyama Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  50. ^ "Burial site unearthed in Nara". The Japan Times. 18 August 2000. Archived from the original on 9 October 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  51. ^ 丸山古墳 [Maruyama Kofun] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  52. ^ "Maruyama Kofun". Asuka Historical Museum. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  53. ^ 藤原京跡 朱雀大路跡 [Fujiwara-kyō Suzaku Avenue Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  54. ^ 大和三山 [Yamato Sanzan] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
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