Al-Ayoubi family
| Al-Ayoubi Family عائِلَة الأَيّوبيّ | |
|---|---|
 Al-Ayoubi family coat of arms. | |
| Country | Ayyubid Sultanate and Emirate of Hasankeyf |
| Etymology | Al-Ayoubi:'descendant of Job' |
| Place of origin | Dvin, Armenia |
| Founded | 1171 |
| Founder | Saladin |
| Titles | |
The Al-Ayoubi family is a prominent family of royal and noble lineage, tracing its origins to the Middle Ages. The family originated in the ancient Armenian city of Dvin.
In Dvin, the family was regarded as the political and military elite of the region before relocating to the Levant.[1][2][3]
Origins
[edit]Named after Najm ad-Din Ayyub the son of Shadhi Ibn Marwan a military elite fortress commander from Dvin, Armenia.[4][5] He succeeded his father as governor of Tikrit and later ruled Baalbek under Imad al-Din Zengi. Then he settled in Damascus, where his son Saladin grew up and founded the Ayyubid dynasty.[6][7]
The dynasty is known for its efforts in restoring Jerusalem and significantly influencing the political landscape of the region.[8]
It ruled over modern-day Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen and the North African coast up to Tunisia. Saladin ascended to the throne and was known as Al-Malik Al-Naser (The Victorious King).[9][10] appointing family members as Emirs (Princes) in various regions of his kingdom.
Modern history
[edit]The family has played a significant role in the political, economic, and social landscape of the modern era, with its members holding influential positions in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Today, most of the family resides in major cities such as Damascus, Beirut.[11][12]
In Iraq
[edit]- Ali Jawdat Al-Ayoubi (1853–1969), 15th Prime Minister of Iraq. He served as prime minister for three terms (1934, 1949, 1957) under King Ghazi I, King Faisal II, and regent 'Abd al-Ilah.[13]
In Jordan
[edit]- Saad Mohammed Juma Al-Ayoubi (1916–1979) 17th Prime Minister of Jordan and Minister of the Royal Hashemite Court.[14][15]
In Saudi Arabia
[edit]- Dr. Muhammad Zuhair Al-Ayoubi,[17] was a member of the national union of the new born United Arab Republic. In 1964 he left Syria to Saudi Arabia where he was a co-founder of the Riyadh Radio and TV Stations and served as its director. For his services King Faisal of Saudi Arabia granted him and his family Saudi citizenship.[18][19][20]
In Syria
[edit]- Ata Bey al-Ayoubi (1877–1951). 7th President of Syria.[21]
- Major General Shukri Pasha Al-Ayoubi (1851–1922) fought in WWI and was appointed governor of Damascus, Beirut and Aleppo.
- Raouf Al Ayoubi (1883–1947). A notable Freemason and a senior official in the Ottoman Empire.
- Mahmoud Al-Ayoubi (1932–2013), 57th Prime Minister of Syria and former Vice President of Syria under Hafez al-Assad.
- Ziyad al-Din al-Ayoubi, Minister of Endowments.
- Hamo Agha Al-Ayoubi, Landlord, dignitaries, and a donor who owned large areas of agricultural land specifically in the District of Wadi Barada.[17]
- Muhammad Hasan Al-Ayoubi, a combatant in the Great Syrian Revolt.[17]
- Muhammad Ali Al-Ayoubi was a prominent Damascene socialite and merchant known for hosting significant political meetings and weekly discussions with government figures at his residence.
List of Monarchs
- Al-Adil II 1238–1240.
- As-Salih Ayyub 1240–1249.
- Turanshah 1249–1250.
- Al-Ashraf Musa (nominal rule, under Mamluk sultan Aybak), 1250–1254. [22]
Noteworthy
[edit]- Khatun Sitt al-Sham, sister of Saladin, founded many schools and hospitals in Damascus and had a profound interest in literature and culture, honoring writers. Ibn Khallikan described her deeds, saying, "She gave us lessons in mercy." She died in 1220 and was buried in Al-Sahiba Madrasa in Damascus.[23]
- Ismael Abulfeda Al-Ayoubi (1273–1331). was born in Damascus, Syria. He was a geographer and historian who later became the governor of Hama. The crater Abulfeda on the Moon is named after him.[24]
Historical monuments
[edit]- Citadel of Damascus in Damascus.
- Mausoleum of Saladin in Damascus.
- Citadel of Saladin near Lattia.
- Citadel of Saladin in Cairo.
- Statue of Saladin near the Citadel of Damascus.
- Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi'i in Cairo.
- Ajloun Castle in Ajloun, Jordan.
- Minbar of Saladin currently in the Islamic Museum of Jerusalem.
- Al-Shamiyah al-Kubra Madrasa in Damascus.
- Al-Sahiba Madrasa in Damascus.
- A crown which was presented by His Imperial Majesty, Emperor of Germany, Wilhelm II in 1898 at the Mausoleum of Saladin in Damascus, later stolen by Lawrence of Arabia.[25][26][27]
References
[edit]- ^ "Lionhearts". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
- ^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1906). Saladin; and the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem. Harvard University. New York London, G.P. Putnam's sons.
- ^ "The book of Saladin". www.bklynlibrary.org. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
- ^ Morton, Nicholas (2020-04-15). The Crusader States and Their Neighbours: A Military History, 1099-1187. Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-19-882454-1.
- ^ Conder, Claude Reignier (1897). The Life of Saladin. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. xv. LCCN 05039632.
Salah ed-Din (Saladin) was the son of Ayûb, and grandson of Shadi, a Rawadiya Kurd of the great Hadâniya Tribe. He was thus of Kurd descent. Several of his bravest warriors and most trusted counsellors were Kurds, and during his reign, and that of his brother el'Adel, Kurds ruled in Armenia, Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Arabia.
- ^ "Ayyūb | governor of Damascus". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
- ^ Ali, Tariq (2013-10-15). The Book of Saladin. Open Road Media. ISBN 978-1-4804-4854-4.
- ^ "Saladin". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
- ^ "Saladin | Biography, Achievements, Crusades, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
- ^ "Saladin". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
- ^ al-Sawwaf, Mohammad (2010). موسوعة الأسر الدمشقية [Encyclopedia of Damascene Families] (in Arabic) (2 ed.). pp. 335–339. ISBN 978-9933-400-02-6.
- ^ "آل الأيوبي". www.yabeyrouth.com. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- ^ "Ali Jawdat Al Ayoubi | Arab Revolt Centennial". arabrevolt.jo. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
- ^ "رئاسة الوزراء - دولة السيد سعد جمعه". www.pm.gov.jo. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ "المدينة نيوز - آل جمعةالأيوبي". www.almadenahnews.com. 2009-10-11. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ "الأكراد الأردنيون". جريدة الغد (in Arabic). 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ a b c al-Sawwaf 2010.
- ^ "الإعلامي المعروف د. زهير الأيوبي إلى رحمة الله". www.al-jazirah.com. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ الخضيري, منصور (2013-09-03). "زهير الأيوبي.. قامة رحلت بصمت!". Watanksa (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ "رحيل شيخ الإذاعيين الإعلامي القدير زهير الأيوبي". www.alukah.net (in Arabic). 2013-09-20. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
- ^ "Ata al-Ayyubi". memim.com. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
- ^ "Sultanates: Ayyubid | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
- ^ Humphreys, R. Stephen (1994). "Women as Patrons of Religious Architecture in Ayyubid Damascus". Muqarnas. 11: 35–54. doi:10.2307/1523208. ISSN 0732-2992. JSTOR 1523208.
- ^ "Abū al-Fidāʾ | Ayyūbid ruler and author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
- ^ Hillenbrand, Carole (2021-02-27). "The sultan, the Kaiser, the colonel, and the purloined wreath". The Making of Crusading Heroes and Villains. Routledge. pp. 112–124. doi:10.4324/9780429293283-7. ISBN 978-0-429-29328-3. S2CID 233882747.
- ^ "Mausoleum of Saladin (Salah ul-Din Ayyubi) - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
- ^ "Presentation wreath from Saladin's tomb". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2021-07-03.