568 Group
The 568 Presidents Group was a consortium of American universities and colleges practicing need-blind admissions. The group was founded in 1998 in response to section 568 of the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994.[1] It was dissolved effective November 4, 2022[2] while it was being sued.[3]
History
[edit]In response to several prestigious colleges and universities holding "Overlap Meetings" to set similar tuition and financial aid levels, the Justice Department began an antitrust investigation in 1989 and in 1991 filed a Sherman Antitrust Act suit against 57 colleges and universities.[4][5] While the Ivy League institutions settled,[6] MIT contested the charges on the grounds that the practice was not anticompetitive because it prevented bidding wars over promising students from consuming funds for need-based scholarships and ensured the availability of aid for the greatest number of students.[7][8] MIT ultimately prevailed when the Justice Department settled the case in 1994.[9][10]
In 1994, Congress passed the Improving America's Schools Act. Section 568 of this Act expands upon the issues in the MIT settlement. Section 568 states that is not unlawful under the antitrust laws for two or more need-blind institutions to agree or attempt to agree:
- to award financial aid only on the basis of need;
- to use common principles of analysis for determining need;
- to use a common aid application form; and
- to engage in a one-time exchange of certain pre-award data of commonly admitted financial aid students.
The amendment specifically prohibits the sharing of any information on the amount or terms of any prospective, individual aid award and makes clear that the exemption does not apply to the awarding of federal financial aid.
Membership
[edit]The following institutions were at one point members of the 568 group:[11][12][13]
- Amherst College
- Boston College
- Brown University
- California Institute of Technology
- Claremont McKenna College
- College of the Holy Cross
- Columbia University
- Cornell University
- Dartmouth College
- Davidson College
- Duke University
- Emory University
- Georgetown University
- Grinnell College
- Haverford College
- Johns Hopkins University
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Middlebury College
- Northwestern University
- Pomona College
- Rice University
- St. John's College
- Swarthmore College
- University of Chicago
- University of Notre Dame
- University of Pennsylvania
- Vanderbilt University
- Wellesley College
- Williams College
- Yale University
Member University Settlements
[edit]These institutions have settled the 2022 price fixing class action lawsuit for the following amounts:[14]
- Brown University - $19.5MM
- Columbia University - $24MM[15]
- Dartmouth College - $33.75MM
- Duke University - $24MM
- Emory University - $18.5MM
- Northwestern University - $43.5MM
- Rice University - $33.75MM
- University of Chicago - $13MM
- Vanderbilt University - $55MM
- Yale University - $18.5MM
References
[edit]- ^ "History of the 568 Presidents' Group". 568 Group. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "Website". 568 Group. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ Li, Joanna (September 19, 2022). "Class (action) not dismissed: Fight to dissolve 568 Presidents Group continues". The Georgetown Voice. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
- ^ Johnston, David (August 10, 1989). "Price-Fixing Inquiry at 20 Elite Colleges". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ Chira, Susan (March 13, 1991). "23 College Won't Pool Discal Data". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ DePalma, Anthony (May 23, 1991). "Ivy Universities Deny Price-Fixing But Agree to Avoid It in the Future". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2010-09-06. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ DePalma, Anthony (September 2, 1992). "MIT Ruled Guilty in Anti-Trust Case". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ DePalma, Anthony (June 26, 1992). "Price-Fixing or Charity? Trial of M.I.T. Begins". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ^ "Settlement allows cooperation on awarding financial-aid". MIT Tech Talk. 1994. Archived from the original on 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
- ^ Honan, William (December 21, 1993). "MIT Suit Over Aid May Be Settled". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-02-09. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ "568 Group Member Institutions". 568 Presidents' Group. 2022. Archived from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- ^ "568 Group Member Institutions". 568 Presidents' Group. 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
- ^ "568 Cartel Lawsuit". Freedman, Normand and Friedland; Gilbert Litigators & Counselors; Berger Montague. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ Williams, Stephen. "Judge approves $284M settlement with plaintiffs for 10 of 17 universities sued for alleged price fixing". WHYY. WHYY. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Levine, Jesse. "Court approves Columbia settlement for $24 million in class action financial aid lawsuit". Columbia Spectator. Retrieved 6 August 2024.