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1ES 1927+654

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1ES 1927+654
The Seyfert galaxy 1ES 1927+654
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationDraco
Right ascension19h 2719.7557m
Declination+65° 33′ 52.47″
Redshift0.016998
Distance270 Mly
Other designations
2MASX J19271951+6533539, RX J1927.3+6533

1ES 1927+654 is a type 2 Seyfert galaxy[1] located 270 million light-years away in the constellation of Draco, containing an active galactic nucleus.[2][3][4][5] 1ES 1927+654 it is located in a host galaxy that is relatively unremarkable in appearance. However, its core, powered by a supermassive black hole, has exhibited behaviors that challenge conventional theories about accretion disks and black hole environments, and is the subject of academic papers analysing its unusual characteristics.[6][7][8][9][10] Its supermassive black hole is found massive and is a source of X-ray flashes.[11]

Timeline of Discoveries

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  • Initial Identification (1984):

1ES 1927+654 was first cataloged during the Einstein Slew Survey, which aimed to identify X-ray sources in the sky. It was classified as a Seyfert galaxy due to its emission-line features.[12]

  • Optical Variability Detected (1990s):

Observations in the 1990s revealed irregular optical variability, suggesting active processes in its nucleus.[13]

  • Significant Flares Observed (2017):

A dramatic increase in brightness was detected, with the galaxy brightening by a factor of about 40 in the ultraviolet spectrum. This event triggered follow-up studies to investigate the cause.[8]

  • Accretion Disk Disruption Event (2018):

Detailed observations by X-ray and ultraviolet telescopes revealed that the AGN's accretion disk had undergone a partial or total disruption.[14]

  • Magnetic Field Hypothesis (2020):

Studies suggested that the extreme variability could be linked to magnetic field instabilities around the black hole. The event challenged models of black hole accretion and inspired new theories about AGN outbursts.[15]

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1ES 1927+654 has captured the attention of both professional astronomers and amateur stargazers due to its unpredictable behavior. Its sudden changes have made it a target for multi-wavelength observation campaigns, drawing data from X-ray, optical, and radio observatories around the world.[16][17][2]

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  • This illustration shows the accretion disk, corona (pale, conical swirls above the disk), and supermassive black hole of 1ES 1927+654 Credit: NASA/Sonoma State University, Aurore Simonnet
    This illustration shows the accretion disk, corona (pale, conical swirls above the disk), and supermassive black hole of 1ES 1927+654
    Credit: NASA/Sonoma State University, Aurore Simonnet
  • Artist's concept Matter is stripped from a white dwarf (sphere at lower right) orbiting within the innermost accretion disk surrounding 1ES 1927+654's supermassive black hole.
    Artist's concept
    Matter is stripped from a white dwarf (sphere at lower right) orbiting within the innermost accretion disk surrounding 1ES 1927+654's supermassive black hole.

References

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  1. ^ Cao, Xinwu; You, Bei; Wei, Xing (2023-10-14), An accretion disc with magnetic outflows triggered by a sudden mass accretion event in changing-look active galactic nucleus 1ES 1927+654, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2309.10610, retrieved 2025-01-15
  2. ^ a b Reddy, Francis (May 5, 2022). "Magnetic Flip Drives Flare-Up of Monster Black Hole". NASA Scientific Visualization Studio.
  3. ^ Fauzia, Miriam (2022-05-06). "A Black Hole Flipping Its Magnetic Field Might Help Us to Find More: This is unexpected". Daily Beast. New York.
  4. ^ Zabludoff, Ann; Arcavi, Iair; La Massa, Stephanie; Perets, Hagai B.; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Auchettl, Katie; Dai, Jane L.; Decker French, K.; Hung, Tiara; Kara, Erin; Lodato, Giuseppe; Maksym, W. Peter; Qin, Yujing; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Roth, Nathaniel; Runnoe, Jessie C.; Wevers, Thomas (2021). "Distinguishing Tidal Disruption Events from Impostors". Springer Space Science Reviews. arXiv:2103.12150v2. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2103.12150.
  5. ^ Ghosh, Ritesh; Laha, Sibasish; Meyer, Eileen; Roychowdhury, Agniva; Yang, Xiaolong; Acosta–Pulido, J. A.; Rakshit, Suvendu; Pandey, Shivangi; González, Josefa Becerra; Behar, Ehud; Gallo, Luigi C.; Panessa, Francesca; Bianchi, Stefano; La Franca, Fabio; Scepi, Nicolas; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Longinotti, Anna Lia; Lusso, Elisabeta; Oates, Samantha; Nicholl, Matt; Cenko, S. Bradley; O'Connor, Brendan; Hammerstein, Erica; Jose, Jincen; Gabányi, Krisztina Éva; Ricci, Federica; Chattopadhyay, Sabyasachi (2023). "A Reemerging Bright Soft X-Ray State of the Changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES 1927+654: A Multiwavelength View". The Astrophysical Journal. 955: 3. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aced92.
  6. ^ Boller, Th.; Voges, W.; Dennefeld, M.; Lehmann, I.; Predehl, P.; Burwitz, V.; Perlman, E.; Gallo, L.; Papadakis, I. E.; Anderson, S. (2003). "1ES 1927+654: Persistent and rapid X-ray variability in an AGN with low intrinsic neutral X-ray absorption and narrow optical emission lines". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 397 (2): 557–564. arXiv:astro-ph/0210369. Bibcode:2003A&A...397..557B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021520.
  7. ^ Gallo, L. C.; MacMackin, C.; Vasudevan, R.; Cackett, E. M.; Fabian, A. C.; Panessa, F. (July 1, 2013). "1ES 1927+654: a bare Seyfert 2". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 433 (1): 421–433. arXiv:1304.7155. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.433..421G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt735.
  8. ^ a b Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Arcavi, Iair; MacLeod, Chelsea L.; Ricci, Claudio; Kara, Erin; Graham, Melissa L.; Stern, Daniel; Harrison, Fiona A.; Burke, Jamison; Hiramatsu, Daichi; Hosseinzadeh, Griffin; Howell, D. Andrew; Smartt, Stephen J.; Rest, Armin; Prieto, Jose L.; Shappee, Benjamin J.; Holoien, Thomas W. -S.; Bersier, David; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Brink, Thomas G.; Zheng, WeiKang; Li, Ruancun; Remillard, Ronald A.; Loewenstein, Michael (September 1, 2019). "1ES 1927+654: An AGN Caught Changing Look on a Timescale of Months". The Astrophysical Journal. 883 (1): 94. arXiv:1903.11084. Bibcode:2019ApJ...883...94T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab39e4.
  9. ^ "Evolution of various aspects of the X-ray spectrum of 1ES 1927+654 from... | Download Scientific Diagram". ResearchGate.net.
  10. ^ Masterson, Megan; Kara, Erin; Ricci, Claudio; García, Javier A.; Fabian, Andrew C.; Pinto, Ciro; Kosec, Peter; Remillard, Ronald A.; Loewenstein, Michael; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Arcavi, Iair (20 July 2022). "Evolution of a Relativistic Outflow and X-Ray Corona in the Extreme Changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654" (pdf). The Astrophysical Journal. 934 (35): 35. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac76c0 – via ResearchGate.net.
  11. ^ Chu, Jennifer (2025-01-13). "X-ray flashes from a nearby supermassive black hole accelerate mysteriously". MIT News. Retrieved 2025-01-15.
  12. ^ Perlman, E. S.; Stocke, J. T.; Schachter, J. F.; Elvis, M.; Ellingson, E.; Urry, C. M. "The Einstein Slew Survey Sample of BL Lacertae Objects". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 104: 251–268. Bibcode:1996ApJS..104..251P. doi:10.1086/192300.
  13. ^ Boller, Thomas; Brandt, W.N.; Fink, H. (1996). "Soft X-ray properties of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 305: 53.
  14. ^ Laha, Sibasish; Meyer, Eileen; Roychowdhury, Agniva; Becerra González, Josefa; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; Thapa, Aditya; Ghosh, Ritesh; Behar, Ehud; Gallo, Luigi C.; Kriss, Gerard A.; Panessa, Francesca; Bianchi, Stefano; La Franca, Fabio; Scepi, Nicolas; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Longinotti, Anna Lia; Lusso, Elisabeta; Oates, Samantha; Nicholl, Matt; Cenko, S. Bradley (14 March 2022). "A radio, optical, UV and X-ray view of the enigmatic changing look Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES~1927+654 from its pre- to post-flare states". arXiv:2203.07446. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2203.07446 – via ArXiv.org.
  15. ^ Scepi, Nicolas; Begelman, Mitchell C; Dexter, Jason (9 January 2021). "Magnetic flux inversion in a peculiar changing look AGN". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society - Letters. 502 (1, February 2021): L50 – L54. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab002 – via Oup.com.
  16. ^ Ricci, C.; Loewenstein, M.; Kara, E.; Remillard, R.; Trakhtenbrot, B.; Arcavi, I.; Gendreau, K. C.; Arzoumanian, Z.; Fabian, A. C.; Li, R.; Ho, L. C.; MacLeod, C. L.; Cackett, E.; Altamirano, D.; Gandhi, P.; Kosec, P.; Pasham, D.; Steiner, J.; Chan, C.-H. (10 February 2021). "The 450 days X-ray monitoring of the changing-look AGN 1ES 1927+654". ArXiv.org. arXiv:2102.05666. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2102.05666.
  17. ^ Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Arcavi, Iair; MacLeod, Chelsea L.; Ricci, Claudio; Kara, Erin; Graham, Melissa L.; Stern, Daniel; Harrison, Fiona A.; Burke, Jamison; Hiramatsu, Daichi; Hosseinzadeh, Griffin; Howell, D. Andrew; Smartt, Stephen J.; Rest, Armin; Prieto, Jose L.; Shappee, Benjamin J.; Holoien, Thomas W.-S.; Bersier, David; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Brink, Thomas G.; Zheng, WeiKang; Li, Ruancun; Remillard, Ronald A.; Loewenstein, Michael (August 6, 2019). "1ES 1927+654: An AGN Caught Changing Look on a Timescale of Months". arXiv:1903.11084. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1903.11084 – via ArXiv.org.
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