1887 Chicago mayoral election
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The Chicago mayoral election of 1887 saw Republican John A. Roche win by a landslide, receiving more than a two-thirds majority of the vote, defeating United Labor Party nominee Robert S. Nelson by more than 36 points (a margin of victory which was itself greater than Nelson's vote share), in a race where the Democratic Party had failed to field a candidate.
Lack of Democratic nominee
[edit]Incumbent Democratic mayor Carter Harrison III had opted to retire from the mayoralty instead of seeking re-election to a fifth term.[2][3] He did so recognizing that he had already lost the backing of his party, and would have difficulty securing re-nomination. The loss of Democratic backing for a prospective 1887 Harrison candidacy was in reaction to an decline in overall approval towards Harrison from voters. Harrison's public favor (and his support from his party) had been significantly hurt by dissatisfaction with his handling of the Haymarket Riot.[4][5] Harrison's handling of the Haymarket Riot had also harmed his standing with conservative business groups.[5] Furthermore, his decision not to seek reelection was influenced by a scandal involving criminal charges of election fraud against some of his supporters (for conduct during the previous mayoral election). Even though these charges had little to do with Harrison's own conduct, there was concern that public awareness of the scandal could provide a salient basis for Republicans to persuade voters into regarding Harrison as corrupt.[5][6]
Before Harrison decided to retire, he had unsuccessfully attempted to persuade the United Labor Party to support him for re-election and to partner with the city Democratic Party to nominate a joint-slate. Harrison proposed a fusion nomination arrangement that would have seen the parties nominate identical tickets. Harrison's failure to persuade Chicago's United Labor Party to partner with city Democrats further harmed Harrison's support within the local Democratic party.[4][5]
The Democratic Party initially nominated DeWitt Clinton Cregier to be its nominee for mayor. However, Cregier declined the nomination, refusing to run.[3] After this (and despite his declared intent to retire) the party voted to re-nominate Harrison.[3] Harrison initially accepted the nomination. However, before he could begin campaigning, his wife died. Experiencing great grief over his wife's passing, he withdrew from the election.[7] The Democratic Party found itself unable to find a replacement nominee, and consequentially fielded no nominee.
Campaign
[edit]Republican nominee John A. Roche ran as a fiscally conservative "law-and-order" candidate.[5] Roche was regarded by many Democrats to be the lesser of two evils.[8] The United Labor Party nominated Robert S. Nelson, who (in the absence of a Democratic nominee) was Roche's sole opponent in the election.[9] During the campaign, the Republicans tried to deride Nelson and his party as "socialists".[9] Behind-the-scenes, Roche received unlikely support from some Democrats such as Michael Cassius McDonald.[8] Incumbent mayor Harrison, while formally not backing either candidate, dismissed many Democrats' worries about the prospect of a Nelson mayoralty, and also cautioned that a Roche election could spur the passage of additional blue laws.[8] Harrison went as far as indicating that he leaned more in favor of Nelson among the two candidates, saying, "Nelson is a representative of the laboring men, and Roche tried to be. Nelson is not a socialist. A young party is on its good behavior, and if Nelson were elected he would do his very best for himself and his party."[10] Some prominent Chicagoans such as John M. Smyth spoke with the impression that Harrison outright supported Nelson's candidacy.[11]
Results
[edit]Roche received a roughly 27,000-vote margin-of-victory, which at the time was the greatest number of votes that had ever separated a Chicago mayoral winner from an election's runner-up.[8]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | John A. Roche | 51,249 | 68.23 | |
| United Labor | Robert S. Nelson | 23,490 | 31.27 | |
| Prohibition | Joseph L. Whitlock | 372 | 0.50 | |
| Turnout | 75,111 | |||
References
[edit]- ^ Currey, Josiah Seymour (1912). Chicago: Its History and Its Builders, a Century of Marvelous Growth. S. J. Clarke publishing Company. p. 335.
- ^ Kantowicz, Edward. “The Emergence of the Polish-Democratic Vote in Chicago.” Polish American Studies, vol. 29, no. 1/2, 1972, pp. 67–80. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20147849.
- ^ a b c History of Chicago, Illinois by John Moses page 233 (293 in Google's digitalized form)
- ^ a b Buller (Spring 2010). "The Great Demise: An Analysis of Carter Henry Harrison's Political Downfall of 1887" (PDF). Western Illinois Historical Review. II: 88–114. ISSN 2153-1714.
- ^ a b c d e Miller, Donald L. (2014). City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America. Rosetta Books. pp. 731–732. ISBN 978-0-7953-3985-1. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- ^ Morton, Richard Allen (June 29, 2016). Roger C. Sullivan and the Making of the Chicago Democratic Machine, 1881-1908. McFarland. p. 39. ISBN 9781476663777. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
- ^ "Carter Harrison". The Topeka Daily Press. November 2, 1893. p. 2. Retrieved February 5, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Lindberg, Richard C. (2009). The Gambler King of Clark Street: Michael C. McDonald and the Rise of Chicago's Democratic Machine. SIU Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-0-8093-8654-3. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
- ^ a b "Reds Trying to Trade". Chicago Tribune. April 3, 1887 – via www.newspapers.com.
- ^ "It's a Ticklish Situation". The Inter Ocean. April 2, 1887. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via www.newspapers.com.
- ^ "Republicans or Cossack?". The Inter Ocean. April 2, 1887. Retrieved December 20, 2024 – via www.newspapers.com.
- ^ The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year Book for 1912. Chicago Daily News, Incorporated. 1911. p. 464. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
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