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Wrestling in Armenia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wrestling (Armenian: ըմբշամարտ, pronounced [əmbʃɑmɑɾt]) has deep historical roots in Armenia.[1][2] Wrestling was practiced in the Armenian Highlands since ancient times. Armenians have their own variant of the sport called Kokh. It was recorded that King Tiridates III of Armenia won the Ancient Olympic Games in wrestling in 281 AD. During the Soviet era, wrestling became one of the most practiced sports in Armenia and remained popular after Armenia's independence in 1991. Armenian athletes have been successful at international competitions in the last two decades. Many have become World and European champions, both in Greco-Roman and Freestyle wrestling. Over half of the fifteen Armenian Olympic medalists and the two gold medal winners have been wrestlers. The sport is overseen by the Wrestling Federation of Armenia.

History

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Ancient history

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At the 265th Olympiad (281 AD) the Armenian King Tiridates III (286–342 AD), who in 301 AD adopted Christianity as the state religion, making Armenia the first Christian nation, became an Olympic Champion in wrestling.[3][4]

A 1963 Soviet stamp depicting traditional Armenian Kokh

Kokh

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Kokh (Armenian: Կոխ) is the Armenian national wrestling,[5][6] known since the Early Middle Ages.[7] It's considered to be one of the oldest forms of wrestling.[5] It had influenced the Soviet martial sport Sambo.[8]

The winner is the one who throws the opponent on the mat without boosting and/or turning him. Pushing the opponent out of the mat, which has a radius of 7–9 meters,[9] also results in winning. A Kokh fight usually lasts from 5 to 10 minutes. The Kokh fights are often accompanied with Armenian folk music and before the beginning of a fight wrestlers do folk dances.[5]

Two varieties of Kokh are Lori Kokh and Shirak Kokh. The main difference between two styles is between the clothing. In Shirak Kokh, wrestlers wear shalvar pants and are topless and were allowed to grab the legs of the opponent. In Lori Kokh, they wear chokha (traditional Caucasian costume) and have to grab the opponent's dress to throw or push them out. Until the late 1980s, Kokh was practiced in rural areas of Armenia, although no professional Kokh athletes existed. Today, about 700 children in Armenia practice Kokh.[7]

Soviet period

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Sports in general and wrestling, particularly, became popular in Armenia in the 1920s and 1930s, but it wasn't until the end of the World War II, when Armenian and Soviet athletes started to appear on international competitions. Sargis Vardanyan became the Soviet champion of Greco-Roman wrestling twice, in 1940 and 1944. In later years, Armenian Greco-Roman wrestlers had significant role in Soviet wrestling. Notable ones included Ruben Karapetyan (1969 first junior world champion), Artem Teryan (First wrestling Olympic medalist), Suren Nalbandyan (1976 Olympic champion), Sanasar Oganisyan (1980 Olympic champion), Norayr Musheghian (1958 World Champion), Benur Pashayan (1982 and 1983 World Champion), Levon Julfalakyan (1986 World Champion), Mnatsakan Iskandaryan (1990, 1991, 1994 World Champion).[10]

Independent Armenia

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The Federation of Freestyle Wrestling of Armenia and the Federation of Greco-Roman Wrestling Federation were founded in 1992 and were merged in 1996 forming the Wrestling Federation of Armenia. It is the national governing body of the sport in the country.[11] According to Razmik Stepanyan, secretary of the Armenian Olympic Committee, as of 2009, there were 25 wrestling schools in 10 provinces of Armenia, 304 coaches and 7,454 athletes practicing wrestling.[12][13]

In 2021, government statistics showed 7,800 wrestlers in Armenia, including 4,000 in freestyle wrestling and 3,800 Greco-Roman wrestling. There were over 700 coaches and trainers in both. A little more than 1,000 people practiced Sambo and 126 practiced Kokh.[14]

Records

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Wrestler Armen Nazaryan is Armenia's first Olympic champion

Olympics

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See also: Armenia at the Olympics and Wrestling at the Summer Olympics

9 of the 18 Olympic medals of Armenia are from wrestling.

Games Athlete Style and weight Position Ref
United States 1996 Atlanta Armen Nazaryan Greco-Roman 52 kg  Gold
[15]
United States 1996 Atlanta Armen Mkrtchyan Freestyle 48 kg  Silver
[16]
China 2008 Beijing Roman Amoyan Greco-Roman 55 kg  Bronze
[17]
China 2008 Beijing Yury Patrikeyev Greco-Roman 120 kg  Bronze
[18]
United Kingdom 2012 London Arsen Julfalakyan Greco-Roman 74 kg  Silver
[19]
United Kingdom 2012 London Artur Aleksanyan Greco-Roman 96 kg  Bronze
[20]
Brazil 2016 Rio Migran Arutyunyan Greco-Roman 66 kg  Silver
[21]
Brazil 2016 Rio Artur Aleksanyan Greco-Roman 98 kg  Gold
[22]
Japan 2020 Tokyo Artur Aleksanyan Greco-Roman 97 kg  Silver
France 2024 Paris Artur Aleksanyan Greco-Roman 97 kg  Silver
France 2024 Paris Malkhas Amoyan Greco-Roman 77 kg  Bronze

World Championships

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See also: World Wrestling Championships

European Championships

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See also: European Wrestling Championships

European Championships (Women)

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Year Athlete Style and weight Position Ref
Russia 2006 Moscow Karine Shadoyan Freestyle 72 kg  Bronze
[73]

World Cup

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See also: Wrestling World Cup
Year Position Style Member athletes Ref
France 2009 Clermont-Ferrand  Bronze Greco-Roman
Armenia 2010 Yerevan  Bronze Greco-Roman 55 kg: Roman Amoyan 1st place, gold medalist(s) & Harutyun Hovhannisyan
60 kg: Artak Harutyunyan & Vahan Juharyan
66 kg: Arman Adikyan 2nd place, silver medalist(s) & Hovhannes Varderesyan
74 kg: Varsham Boranyan & Arsen Julfalakyan 1st place, gold medalist(s)
84 kg: Denis Forov & Tigran Sahakyan
96 kg: Arman Geghamyan 2nd place, silver medalist(s) & Sargis Tonoyan
120 kg: Yury Patrikeyev 1st place, gold medalist(s) & Vachik Yeghiazaryan
[74]

See also

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References

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