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The Chancellor of Germany is the political leader of Germany and the head of the Federal Government. The office holder is responsible for selecting all other members of the government and chairing Cabinet meetings.

The office was created in the North German Confederation in 1867, when Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. With the Unification of Germany in 1871, the Confederation evolved into a German nation-state and the office became known as the Chancellor of Germany. Bismarck, who was Chancellor until 1890, is the longest-serving Chancellor to this date.

Originally, the Chancellor was only responsible to the Emperor. This changed with the constitutional reform in 1918, when the Parliament was given the right to dismiss the Chancellor. Under the 1919 Weimar Constitution the Chancellors were to be appointed by the President, but were responsible to Parliament. The consitution was set aside during the 1933–1945 Nazi dictatorship. The 1949 German constitution made the Chancellor the most important office in the country, while diminishing the role of the President.

North German Confederation (1867–1871)

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Picture Name Took Office Left Office Party
Prince Otto von Bismarck 1 July 1867 16 April 1890

German Empire (1871–1918)

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Picture Name Took Office Left Office Party
Prince Otto von Bismarck 21 March 1871 20 March 1890
Count Leo von Caprivi 20 March 1890 26 October 1894
Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst 29 October 1894 17 October 1900
Prince Bernhard von Bülow 17 October 1900 14 July 1909
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg 14 July 1909 13 July 1917
Georg Michaelis 14 July 1917 1 November 1917
Count Georg von Hertling 1 November 1917 30 September 1918
Prince Maximilian of Baden 3 October 1918 9 November 1918
Friedrich Ebert 9 November 1918 11 February 1919 Social Democrats

Revolutionary period (1918–1919)

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On 9 November 1918, Chancellor Max von Baden handed over his office to Friedrich Ebert. Ebert continued to serve as Head of Government during the three months between the end of the German Empire in November 1918 and the first gathering of the National Assembly in February 1919, but did not use the title of Chancellor.

During that time, Ebert also served as Chairman of the Council of the People's Delegates, until 29 December 1918 together with the Independent Social Democrat Hugo Haase.

Weimar Republic (1919–1933)

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Picture Name Took Office Left Office Days in office Party
Philipp Scheidemann (Reichsministerpräsident) 13 February 1919 20 June 1919 127 Social Democrats
Gustav Bauer (Reichskanzler since 14 August) 21 June 1919 26 March 1920 279 Social Democrats
60px Hermann Müller (1st term) 27 March 1920 8 June 1920 73 Social Democrats
Konstantin Fehrenbach 25 June 1920 4 May 1921 313 Centre
Joseph Wirth 10 May 1921 14 November 1922 553 Centre
Wilhelm Cuno 22 November 1922 12 August 1923 263
Gustav Stresemann 13 August 1923 30 November 1923 109 German People's Party
Wilhelm Marx (1st term) 30 November 1923 15 January 1925 412 Centre
Hans Luther 15 January 1925 12 May 1926 482
Wilhelm Marx (2nd term) 17 May 1926 12 June 1928 757 Centre
60px Hermann Müller (2nd term) 28 June 1928 27 March 1930 637 Social Democrats
Heinrich Brüning 30 March 1930 30 May 1932 792 Centre
Franz von Papen 1 June 1932 17 November 1932 169
Kurt von Schleicher 2 December 1932 28 January 1933 57

Third Reich (1933–1945)

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Picture Name Took Office Left Office Party
Adolf Hitler ("Führer (leader, i.e. head of state) and Chancellor" from 1934) 30 January 1933 30 April 1945 National Socialists
Joseph Goebbels (appointed by Hitler) 30 April 1945 1 May 1945 National Socialists
60px Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (Leading Minister of the Flensburg government) 2 May 1945 8 May, or 23 May,
or 5 June 1945
None (non-partisan conservative)

Federal Republic (since 1949)

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Picture Name Took Office Left Office Party
Konrad Adenauer 15 September 1949 16 October 1963 Christian Democrats
60px Ludwig Erhard 16 October 1963 1 December 1966 Christian Democrats
File:Foto KGKiesinger.jpg Kurt Georg Kiesinger 1 December 1966 21 October 1969 Christian Democrats
Willy Brandt 21 October 1969 7 May 1974 Social Democrats
Walter Scheel (acting) 7 May 1974 16 May 1974 Free Democrats
Helmut Schmidt 16 May 1974 1 October 1982 Social Democrats
Helmut Kohl 1 October 1982 27 October 1998 Christian Democrats
Gerhard Schröder 27 October 1998 22 November 2005 Social Democrats
Angela Merkel 22 November 2005 Present Christian Democrats