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^[1]==Reading List== A numbered list of all your readings go here. Use the following format:

Kennedy & Gioia. (2011). Literature.^[2]
Carol Berkin. (2012) . "Making America. a history of the United States"^[3]
K. A Appiah & Henry Louis. (1993) . "critical perspectives past and present"Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

The Negro Speaks of Rivers

orignal

According to Hughes, the poem was written while he was 17 and on a train crossing the Mississippi River on the way to visit his father in Mexico in 1920.[1][2] Twenty years after its publication, Hughes suggested the poem be turned into a Hollywood film, but the project never went forward.[3]:305

revised

Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri. His life was filled with struggles facing poverty, and he was abandoned by his parents. Hughes father ran off to pursue a successful career in an American owned Pullman Company. Meanwhile his mother went off to discover her unsuccessful career as an actress. Hughes parents left him to be raised by his paternal grandmother. His childhood was filled with the stories of ancestors who fought the battles to end slavery. Due to his long line of ancestors that were heroes of the abolitionist movement Hughes was well known and highly respected. When Hughes was a senior in high school he wrote “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” (Bloom, 2008).

Symbolism

Notes

^ Kelly, Michael L. LaBlanc, editor ; foreword by David (2001). Poetry for students. presenting analysis, context and criticism on commonly studied poetry. Detroit: Gale Group. ISBN 0787635715. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Goia, X.J. Kennedy; Dana (2011). Literature. An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and writing. 12th ed (12th ed. ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education (US). pp. 1017–1020. ISBN 0-205-23038-5. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ al.], Carol Berkin ... [et (2012). Making America. a history of the United States (6th ed. ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. pp. 598–599. ISBN 978-0-495-91524-9. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)

[1] Kelly, Michael L. LaBlanc, editor ; foreword by David (2001). Poetry for students. presenting analysis, context and criticism on commonly studied poetry. Detroit: Gale Group. ISBN 0787635715. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Goia, X.J. Kennedy; Dana (2011). Literature. An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and writing. 12th ed (12th ed. ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education (US). pp. 1017–1020. ISBN 0-205-23038-5. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] .], Carol Berkin ... [et (2012). Making America. a history of the United States (6th ed. ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. pp. 598–599. ISBN 978-0-495-91524-9. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)

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