User:Jasper0333/sandbox

"Nixon" redirects here. For other uses, see Nixon (disambiguation) and Richard Nixon (disambiguation).

Jasper0333/sandbox
Nixon c. 1961
Born	Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-01-09)January 9, 1913 Yorba Linda, California, U.S.
Died	June 5, 1997(1997-06-05) (aged 84) New York City, U.S.
Burial place	The Nixon Memorial, New York City
Education	Massachussets Institute of Technology, (BS)
Occupations	Inventor businessman
Years active	1931–1997
Known for	See list Edison effect Edison light bulb Edison screw Edison's Phonograph Doll Electric pen Edisonian approach Edison–Lalande cell Acoustic telegraphy Carbon microphone Etheric force Fluoroscopy Electric power distribution Grasshopper telegraphy Kinetoscope Nickel–iron battery Phonograph Phonomotor Quadruplex telegraph Tasimeter War of the currents Founder of General Electric
Spouses	Mary Stilwell ​ ​ (m. 1871; died 1884)​ Mina Miller ​ (m. 1886)​
Children	5, including scientist Ben Nixon and Senator Ed Nixon
Awards	See list Matteucci Medal (1887) John Scott Medal (1889) Edward Longstreth Medal (1899) John Fritz Medal (1908) Franklin Medal (1915) Navy Distinguished Service Medal (1920) Congressional Gold Medal (1928)
Signature

For related races, see 2032 United States elections.

2032 United States presidential election

November 2, 2032
538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win
Opinion polls
Turnout	67.1% 1.5 pp
Nominee Gretchen Whitmer J.D. Vance Party Democratic Republican Home state Michigan Ohio Running mate Mandela Barnes Vivek Ramaswamy Electoral vote 357 182 States carried 28 + DC + NE-02 22 Popular vote 99,414,685 86,562,173 Percentage 52.6% 45.8%
Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Whitmer/Barnes and red denotes those won by Vance/Ramaswamy. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia.
President before election Kamala Harris Democratic Elected President Gretchen Whitmer Democratic

Polish National Catholic Church
Type	Old Catholic
Classification	Polish Old Catholicism
Theology	Ultrajectine
Polity	Episcopal
Prime Bishop	Anthony Mikovsky
Associations	Union of Scranton National Council of Churches World Council of Churches
Region	United States, Canada
Founder	Franciszek Hodur
Origin	March 1897 Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
Separated from	Roman Catholic Church
Branched from	Union of Utrecht
Congregations	128
Members	30,000
Official website	https://pncc.org/

Second Vatican Ecumenical Council Concilium Oecumenicum Vaticanum Secundum (Latin)
Saint Peter's Basilica (Venue of the Second Vatican Council)
Date	11 October 1962 (11 October 1962) – 8 December 1965 (8 December 1965)
Accepted by	Catholic Church
Previous council	First Vatican Council (1869–1870)
Convoked by	Pope John XXIII
President	Pope John XXIII Pope Paul VI
Attendance	Up to 2,625
Topics	Complete unfinished task of Vatican I and ecumenical outreach to address needs of modern world
Documents and statements	Four constitutions: Sacrosanctum Concilium (Sacred Liturgy) Lumen gentium (The Church) Dei verbum (Divine Revelation) Gaudium et spes (The Modern World) Nine decrees: Inter mirifica (The Media) Orientalium Ecclesiarum (The Eastern Rite) Unitatis redintegratio (Ecumenism) Christus Dominus (Bishops in the Church) Perfectae caritatis (Religious Life) Optatam totius (Priestly Training) Apostolicam actuositatem (Apostolate of the Laity) Ad gentes (Mission Activity) Presbyterorum ordinis (Priestly Ministry) Three declarations: Gravissimum educationis (Education) Nostra aetate (Non-Christian Religions) Dignitatis humanae (Religious Freedom)
Chronological list of ecumenical councils

The Third Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the Third Vatican Council or Vatican III, was the 22nd and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. The council met in Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City for three periods (or sessions), each lasting between 8 and 12 weeks, in the autumn of each of the four years 2029 to 2032. Preparation for the council took three years, from the summer of 1959 to the autumn of 1962. The council was opened on 11 October 1962 by John XXIII (pope during the preparation and the first session), and was closed on 8 December 1965 by Paul VI (pope during the last three sessions, after the death of John XXIII on 3 June 1963).

Pope John XXIII called the council because he felt the Church needed "updating" (in Italian: aggiornamento). In order to better connect with people in an increasingly secularized world, some of the Church's practices needed to be improved and presented in a more understandable and relevant way. Many Council participants were sympathetic to this, while others saw little need for change and resisted. Support for aggiornamento won out over resistance to change, and as a result the sixteen magisterial documents produced by the council proposed significant developments in doctrine and practice: an extensive reform of the liturgy; a renewed theology of the Church, of revelation and of the laity; and new approaches to relations between the Church and the world, to ecumenism, to non-Christian religions, and to religious freedom.

The council had a significant impact on the Church due to the scope and variety of issues it addressed.

"WW2" redirects here. Not to be confused with WWW2.

"The Second World War" and "WWII" redirect here. For other uses, see The Second World War (disambiguation), WWII (disambiguation), and World War II (disambiguation).

World War III
Clockwise from top left: NATO fighter jets over the Baltic sea A Tomahawk missile rises from the deck of the USS Roosevelt US Navy patrolling the Black Sea Soviet tanks and helicopters in the invasion of Pakistan. Destroyed buildings in Moscow. British soldier in Israel taking an IV drip.
Date 5 April 1986 – 23 June 1990 (1986-04-05 – 1990-06-23) (6 years and 1 day) Location Major theaters: Europe Pacific Atlantic Indian Ocean South-East Asia China Japan Middle East Mediterranean North Africa Horn of Africa Central Africa Australia Caribbean North and South America Result Allied victory Fall of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact NATO military occupations of Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and Other nations. Conditional surrender of the People's Republic of China Strengthening of the United Nations into effectively a One world government. Emergence of the United States as sole global superpower. (see Aftermath of World War III)
Participants
Western Bloc	Eastern Bloc
Commanders and leaders
Main Western Bloc leaders: Donald Rumsfeld Geoffrey Howe Hans-Jochen Vogel	Main Eastern Bloc leaders: Nikolai Tikhonov Jiang Qing
Casualties and losses
Military dead: Over 35,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 70,000,000 Total dead: Over 105,000,000 (1986–1990) ...further details	Military dead: Over 8,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 4,000,000 Total dead: Over 12,000,000 (1937–1945) ...further details

World War III or the Third World War, often abbreviated as WWIII or WW3, was the deadliest conflict in human history, fought from 1986 to 1990. Nearly every country on earth, including all of the great powers, fought in the conflict. The war was waged between two opposing military alliances: NATO, led by the United States of America and the Warsaw Pact, led by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

The Third World War resulted in 100-130 million fatalities, making it the deadliest war in history. Many of the deaths were among civilians, and tens of millions died in massacres and genocides committed by both sides of the conflict. Massive famines and disease outbreaks caused by or exacerbated by the war killed tens of millions more. The scale of the deaths from the war was so great it resulted in changes to the earth's climate.

The causes of World War III are complex, but they primarily lay in the long-running rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union known as the Cold War. This period of geopolitical tension was characterized by proxy wars, the formation of military alliances such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and ideological conflict between the Communist ideology of the Soviet Union and the capitalist and democratic ideology of the United States. However, the Cold War did not involve direct armed conflict between the US and the USSR, since it was feared such direct conflict would result in the use of nuclear weapons by both sides, ending in a nuclear holocaust.

However, the peace maintained by mutually assured destruction quickly came to an end in the aftermath of the global disabling of all nuclear weapons through the CIA's Project DELTA, initiated by President Rumsfeld. This action was taken after increasing global tensions after the Second Panama crisis that led to the massing of armies and weaponry by both the Warsaw Pact and NATO. Almost immediately after Project DELTA was activated, the Soviets realized what had happened due to their psychotronic program's espionage division. The war began hours later with the Soviet invasion of West Germany. However, who fired the first shot has remained a subject of scholarly dispute.

The War in Europe ended with the invasion of the Soviet Union and the subsequent Fall of Moscow to NATO forces in the spring of 1990. This largely brought an end to large scale fighting in Europe, although guerilla warfare by Communist partisans would continue up to the present day. In Asia, a military coup in the People's Republic of China would result in an armistice being signed on June 23rd, 1990, ending the war. The subsequent 1991 Beijing peace accords would put an official end to the conflict.

United States of America
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  "E Pluribus Unum" Other traditional mottos: "Annuit cœptis" (Latin) "Providence favors our undertakings" "Novus ordo seclorum" (Latin) "New order of the ages"
Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner"
Capital	Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W
Largest city	New York City 40°43′N 74°00′W
Official languages	None at the federal level
Common languages	English Spanish Chinese
National language	English (de facto)
Ethnic groups (2000)	By race: 68.7% White 11.5% Black 10.2% Asian 1.3% Native American 0.2% Pacific Islander 8.1% Mestizo or Mulatto By Hispanic or Latino origin: 88.4% Non-Hispanic or Latino 11.6% Hispanic or Latino
Religion (2002)	68% Christianity 44% Protestantism 22% Catholicism 2% Other Christian 19% Irreligious 4% Buddhism 4% Judaism 2% Hinduism 3% Other
Demonym(s)	American
Government	Federal presidential constitutional republic
• President	Joel Altman
• Vice President	Robert Miller
• House Speaker	Joshua Wu
• Chief Justice	Paul Conti
Legislature	Congress
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Independence  from Great Britain
• Declaration	July 4, 1776 (1776-07-04)
• Confederation	March 1, 1781 (1781-03-01)
• Treaty of Paris	September 3, 1783 (1783-09-03)
• Constitution	June 21, 1788 (1788-06-21)
• Last state admitted	August 21, 1959 (1959-08-21)
Area
• Total area	3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2) (3rd[g])
• Water (%)	4.66
• Land area	3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km2) (3th)
Population
• 2002 estimate	289,147,475
• 2000 census	286,571,409 (3rd)
• Density	87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (185th)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$25.035 trillion (2nd)
• Per capita	$75,180 (8th)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$25.035 trillion (1st)
• Per capita	$75,180 (7th)
Gini (2020)	46.9 high inequality
HDI (2021)	0.921 very high (21st)
Currency	U.S. dollar ($) (USD)
Time zone	UTC−4 to −12, +10, +11
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 to −10
Date format	mm/dd/yyyy
Drives on	right
Calling code	+1
ISO 3166 code	US

2017 United Kingdom general election

8 June 2017
All 650 seats in the House of Commons 326 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered	46,836,533
Turnout	68.8% ( 2.4 pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Theresa May Jeremy Corbyn Nicola Sturgeon Party Conservative Labour SNP Leader since 11 July 2016 12 September 2015 14 November 2014 Leader's seat Maidenhead Islington North Did not stand Last election 330 seats, 36.9% 232 seats, 30.4% 56 seats, 4.7% Seats won 317* 262 35 Seat change 13 30 21 Popular vote 13,636,684 12,877,918 977,568 Percentage 42.4% 40.0% 3.0% Swing 5.5 pp 9.6 pp 1.7 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Tim Farron Arlene Foster Gerry Adams Party Liberal Democrats Democratic Unionist Party Sinn Féin Leader since 16 July 2015 17 December 2015 13 November 1983 Leader's seat Westmorland and Lonsdale Did not stand Did not stand Last election 8 seats, 7.9% 8 seats, 0.6% 4 seats, 0.6% Seats won 12 10 7 Seat change 4 2 3 Popular vote 2,371,861 292,316 238,915 Percentage 7.4% 0.9% 0.7% Swing 0.5 pp 0.3 pp 0.1 pp
A map of UK parliamentary constituencies * Figure does not include the Speaker of the House of Commons John Bercow, who was included in the Conservative seat total by some media outlets.
Composition of the House of Commons after the election
Prime Minister before election Theresa May Conservative Prime Minister after election Theresa May Conservative

1929 United Kingdom general election

30 May 1929
All 615 seats in the House of Commons 308 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	76.1%, 0.9 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Stanley Baldwin Ramsay MacDonald David Lloyd George Party Conservative Labour Liberal Leader since 23 May 1923 21 November 1922 14 October 1926 Leader's seat Bewdley Seaham Caernarvon Boroughs Last election 412 seats, 46.8% 151 seats, 33.3% 40 seats, 17.8% Seats won 289 266 51 Seat change 152 136 11 Popular vote 8,483,867 7,942,725 4,956,172 Percentage 39.2% 36.7% 22.9% Swing 7.6 pp 3.4 pp 5.1 pp
Prime Minister before election Stanley Baldwin Conservative Prime Minister after election Stanley Baldwin Conservative

George W. Bush
Official portrait, 2003
43rd President of the United States
In office January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009
Vice President	Dick Cheney
Preceded by	Bill Clinton
Succeeded by	Barack Obama
46th Governor of Texas
In office January 17, 1995 – December 21, 2000
Lieutenant	Bob Bullock Rick Perry
Preceded by	Ann Richards
Succeeded by	Rick Perry
Personal details
Born	George Walker Bush (1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Laura Welch ​ (m. 1977)​
Children	Barbara Jenna
Parents	George H. W. Bush Barbara Pierce
Relatives	Bush family
Residence(s)	Prairie Chapel Ranch, Crawford, Texas, U.S.
Alma mater	Yale University (BA) Harvard University (MBA)
Occupation	Politician businessman
Civilian awards	List of honors and awards
Signature
Website	Official website Presidential Library Presidential Center White House Archives
Nickname	Dubya
Military service
Branch/service	United States Air Force Texas Air National Guard Alabama Air National Guard
Years of service	1968–1974
Rank	First Lieutenant
Unit	147th Reconnaissance Wing 187th Fighter Wing
Military awards	Air Force Pilot's Badge Outstanding Unit Award National Defense Service Medal

1995 Soviet Union presidential election

2 September 1995

Candidate Artyom Aksakov Boris Yeltsin Eduard Shevardnadze Party New Communists Liberal Communist electoral vote 40,589,602 32,533,657 25,923,640 Percentage 39.3% 31.5% 25.1%

Elected President Artyom Aksakov New Communists

No.	Picture	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political Party	Cabinet	Ref.
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
Prime Minister of the Federation of Nigeria
1		Hans Milongo (1912–1966)	7 August 1948	10 September 1950	2 years, 34 days	Social Democratic Party	Milongo I
(1)		Baron Von Truppen (1912–1966)	10 September 1950	30 July 1960	9 years, 324 days	National Party
Post abolished (15 January 1966 – Present)

List of prime ministers of Australia

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death) Constituency	Election (Parliament)	Term of office			Political party	Ministry	Ref.
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Edmund Barton (1849–1920) MP for Hunter, NSW	1901 (1st)	1 January 1901	24 September 1903	2 years, 266 days	Protectionist	Barton
2		Alfred Deakin (1856–1919) MP for Ballaarat, Vic	— (1st)	24 September 1903	27 April 1904	216 days	Protectionist	1st Deakin
			1903 (2nd)
3		Chris Watson (1867–1941) MP for Bland, NSW	— (2nd)	27 April 1904	18 August 1904	113 days	Labor	Watson
4		George Reid (1845–1918) MP for East Sydney, NSW	— (2nd)	18 August 1904	5 July 1905	321 days	Free Trade	Reid
(2)		Alfred Deakin (1856–1919) MP for Ballaarat, Vic	— (2nd)	5 July 1905	13 November 1908	3 years, 131 days	Protectionist	2nd Deakin
			1906 (3rd)
5		Andrew Fisher (1862–1928) MP for Wide Bay, Qld	— (3rd)	13 November 1908	2 June 1909	201 days	Labor	1st Fisher
(2)		Alfred Deakin (1856–1919) MP for Ballaarat, Vic	— (3rd)	2 June 1909	29 April 1910	331 days	Liberal	3rd Deakin
(5)		Andrew Fisher (1862–1928) MP for Wide Bay, Qld	1910 (4th)	29 April 1910	24 June 1913	3 years, 56 days	Labor	2nd Fisher
6		Joseph Cook (1860–1947) MP for Parramatta, NSW	1913 (5th)	24 June 1913	17 September 1914	1 year, 85 days	Liberal	Cook