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Esarhaddon
Esarhaddon, closeup from his victory stele
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
Reign681–669 BC
PredecessorSennacherib
SuccessorAshurbanipal[a]
Bornc. 713 BC[4]
Died1 November 669 BC[5]
(aged c. 44)
Harran
SpouseEsharra-hammat
Issue
Among
others
Serua-eterat
Shamash-shum-ukin
Ashurbanipal
AkkadianAššur-aḫa-iddina
Aššur-etel-ilani-mukinni[b]
DynastySargonid dynasty
FatherSennacherib
MotherNaqi'a

Esarhaddon (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: Aššur-aḫa-iddina,[8] meaning "Ashur has given me a brother")

After receiving a prophecy that he was destined to conquer the world, Esarhaddon embarked on another campaign against Egypt in 671. The campaign was a resounding success and placed Egypt under Assyrian control for the first time in history, bringing the Assyrian Empire to its greatest extent.

Background [WIP]

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Early life and designation as heir [WIP]

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Born c. 714 BC,[4] Esarhaddon was a son of his predecessor Sennacherib (r. 705–681).

Accession and paranoia [WIP]

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Reign [WIP]

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Reconstruction of Babylon [WIP]

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Minor campaigns [WIP]

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First Egyptian campaign [WIP]

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Deteriorating health [WIP]

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Succession plans [WIP]

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Conquest of Egypt [WIP]

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Conspiracies [WIP]

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Death [WIP]

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Family and children [WIP]

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Legacy [WIP]

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Titles [WIP]

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Ashurbanipal succeeded Esarhaddon as king of Assyria. Esarhaddon also designated the elder son Shamash-shum-ukin as his heir as king of Babylon. Though Esarhaddon specified that the two were "equal brothers", Ashurbanipal was clearly the intended primary heir to the empire.[1] After Esarhaddon's death, Shamash-shum-ukin was in practice very much Ashurbanipal's closely monitored vassal, not entrusted with his own military forces[2] or complete control of all of Babylonia.[3]
  2. ^ Aššur-etel-ilani-mukinni was a more formal "court name" of Esarhaddon. It would only have been used by those at the royal court.[6] It translates to "Ashur, the lord of the gods, has established me".[7]

References

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  1. ^ Ahmed 2018, p. 68.
  2. ^ Brereton 2018, p. 18.
  3. ^ Ahmed 2018, p. 80.
  4. ^ a b Widmer 2019, footnote 53.
  5. ^ Fales 2012, p. 135.
  6. ^ Halton & Svärd 2017, p. 150.
  7. ^ Tallqvist 1914, p. 39.
  8. ^ Postgate 2014, p. 250.

Bibliography

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  • Ahmed, Sami Said (2018). Southern Mesopotamia in the time of Ashurbanipal. The Hague: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3111033587.
  • Brereton, Gareth (2018). "I am Ashurbanipal, king of the World, king of Assyria". In Brereton, Gareth (ed.). I am Ashurbanipal, king of the World, king of Assyria. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-48039-7.
  • Fales, Frederick Mario (2012). "After Ta'yinat: The New Status of Esarhaddon's Adê for Assyrian Political History". Presses Universitaires de France. 106 (1): 133–158.
  • Halton, Charles; Svärd, Saana (2017). Women's Writing of Ancient Mesopotamia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107052055.
  • Postgate, Nicholas (2014). Bronze Age Bureaucracy: Writing and the Practice of Government in Assyria. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107043756.
  • Widmer, Marie (2019). "Translating the Seleucid βασίλισσα. Notes on the titulature of Stratonice in the Borsippa cylinder". Greece & Rome. 66 (2). Cambridge University Press: 264–279. doi:10.1017/S001738351900007X. S2CID 199880564.
  • Tallqvist, Knut Leonard (1914). Assyrian Personal Names (PDF). Leipzig: August Pries. OCLC 599978053.