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Diacritic
[edit]As a diacritic, the Geresh is written after (i.e. to the left of) the letter whose pronunciation it modifies:
Loanwords, Slang, Foreign Names, and Transliteration of Foreign Languages | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without Geresh | With Geresh | ||||||||
Symbol | Name | Translit. | Pronunciation | Example | Symbol | Name | Translit. | Pronunciation | Example |
ג | gimel | g | [ɡ] | gap | ג׳ | gimel with a geresh | j (or g) | [ʤ] | jupiter, George |
ז | zayin | z | [z] | zoo | ז׳ | zayin with a gresh | g, j | [ʒ] (French soft g) | Jacques, beige, vision |
צ | tsadi | ts | [ʦ] | tsunami | צ׳ | tsadi with a geresh | ch | [ʧ] | chip |
Distinction when Transcribing Foreign Names[1] | |||||||||
Without Geresh | With Geresh | ||||||||
Symbol | Name | Translit. | Pronunciation | Example | Symbol | Name | Translit. | Pronunciation | Example |
ד | dalet | d | [d] | door | ד׳ | dalet with a geresh | English voiced th | [ð] | then |
ח | chet | kh, h, or ch | [χ] | Scottish loch chanukah |
ח׳ | chet with a geresh | Dutch g | [χ] | |
ת | tav | t | [t] | tail | ת׳ | tav with a geresh | English voiceless th | [θ] | thing |
ו | vav | v | [v] | vote | וו or ו׳ | vav with a geresh or double vav |
w | [w] (non standard)[2] | William |
There are 6 additional letters in the Arabic alphabet. They are ṯāʼ, ḫāʼ, ḏāl, ḍād, ẓāʼ, and ġayn.
Distinction when Transcribing Arabic[3] | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without Geresh | With Geresh | ||||||||||
Symbol | Name | Translit. | Arabic letter | Pronunciation | Example | Symbol | Name | Arabic letter | Pronunciation | Example | Comment |
ד | dalet | d | dāl (د) | [d] | door | ד׳ | dalet with a geresh | ḏāl (ذ) | [ð] | Dhu al-Hijjah (ذو الحجة) |
|
ח | chet | kh, h, or ch | ḥa (ح) | [χ] | Scottish loch chanukah |
ח׳ | chet with a geresh | ḫāʼ (ﺥ) | [χ] | Sheikh (شيخ) |
|
ת | tav | t | tā (ت) | [t] | tail | ת׳ | tav with a geresh | ṯāʼ (ث) | [θ] |
| |
ס | samech | s | none | [s] | sun | ס׳ | samech with a geresh | ṣad (ص) | [sˤ] | ||
ר | reish | r | rāʼ (ر) | [r] | rain | ר׳ | reish with a geresh | ġayn (غ) | [ʁ] | Ghaja'r | |
ע | ayin | ע׳ | ayin with a geresh | ġayn (غ) | [ʁ] | Ghaja'r | |||||
ט | tet | ט׳ | tet with a geresh | ẓāʼ (ظ) | [ðˁ] | Tanzim (تنظيم) |
| ||||
צ | tsadi | צ׳ | tsadi with a geresh | ḍād (ض) | [dˁ] | Ramaḍān |
|
- ^ Rules for the transcription of foreign names into %5b%5bHebrew language|Hebrew%5d%5d, pp. 5–6 "([[Academy of the Hebrew Language]])".
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