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Vietnamese people in Poland

Vietnamese people in Poland
Wietnamczycy w Polsce

Regions with significant populations
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Languages
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Related ethnic groups
Overseas Vietnamese

Vietnamese people in Poland

Many began as vendors in the bazaar at the 10th-Anniversary Stadium selling clothes or cheap food; As of 2005, there were between 1,100 and 1,200 Vietnamese-owned stands in the area. Members of the public commonly hold the mistaken belief that Vietnamese form Poland's largest foreign community, a title which in fact belongs to migrants from the former USSR.

References

Sources

• Grzymala-Kazlowska, Aleksandra (2002), The Formation of Ethnic Representations: The Vietnamese in Poland (PDF), Sussex Migration Working Papers, vol. 8, retrieved 2009-06-02

Further reading

• Krajewski, Łukasz; Czuchnowski, Wojciech (2008-04-28), "Vietnam Says, Poland Deports", Gazeta Wyborcza, retrieved 2009-06-02
• Lisicki, Grzegorz (2008-10-08), "Vietnamese Security Police Again Active in Poland", Gazeta Wyborcza, retrieved 2009-06-02
• Sosin, Natalia (September 2006), "Disappearing in the crowd: Vietnamese immigrants in Poland", Cafe Babel, retrieved 2009-06-02{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Halik, Teresa (2007), Migrancka społeczność Wietnamczyków w Polsce w świetle polityki państwa i ocen społecznych/The Migrant Community of the Vietnamese in Poland in the Light of State Policy and Social Assessment, Badania Interdyscyplinarne, vol. 5, Adam Mickiewicz University, ISBN 978-83-232-1688-9
• Halik, Teresa; Nowicka, Ewa (2002), Wietnamczycy w Polsce: Integracja czy izolacja?, University of Warsaw, ISBN 83-87374-24-5

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Poland]] [[Category:Overseas Vietnamese groups|Poland]] [[pl:Wietnamczycy w Polsce]]

French people in Senegal

French people in Senegal

There is a small community of French people in Senegal, reflecting Senegal's history under France's rule as a part of French West Africa.

Migration history

During the period of French rule, there were almost no official controls on settlement by French nationals into the colonies. The European community of Dakar was dominated by the French, but also including whites from outside of France. The community was marked by significant divisions of social class: in particular, French men in the colonial administration looked down on the rest of the European population.

Aside from the administrators, the French population in Senegal during the period between the world wars contained rich merchant families from Bordeaux as well as smaller traders and their employees, as well as a large transient population of missionaries and travellers. French people required no identity cards or passports to travel in Senegal, making it easy to assume false identities and creating significant difficulties in policing them. Administrators expressed frustration with the influx of criminals and other "undesirables" from metropolitan France, which ran counter to what they saw as the French "civilising mission" to present "morally upright" role models for Africans to emulate.

When Senegal achieved independence in 1960, there were estimated to be 40,000 French people in the country, three-fourths in Dakar alone. Though Dakar in particular featured a far higher proportion of non-indigenous population than many surrounding African countries in which racial conflict had become apparent, inter-ethnic relations there were characterised by an "apparent absence of any colour problem" . It had been expected that most French would soon return to France after independence, but a decade later, there were still 29,000 living in the country, involved with French aid and capital investment; their presence reflected the continued dependence of France's African colonies on the métropole.

By the 21st century, Senegal had also become home to an increasing population of poor and even destitute French expatriates. Taking advantage of low-cost air travel, they arrived in Senegal as sight-seers but then remained in the country due to the relatively lax entry requirements, and cut off their ties with French society. Some of them developed health issues such as meningoencephalitis, staphylococcal infection of the skin, and the like, worsened by their failure or inability to seek medical attention.

Politics

9,517 French expatriates came to polling stations in Dakar to vote in the French presidential election, 2007.

Bibliography

• Crowder, Michael (1962), Senegal: a study in French assimilation policy, Taylor & Francis, OCLC 503691
• O'Brien, Rita Cruise (January 1974), "Some problems in the consolidation of national independence in Africa: the case of the French expatriates in Senegal", African Affairs, 73 (290): 85–94, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096458, JSTOR 720983{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Keller, Kathleen (2008), "On the fringes of the 'civilizing mission': 'suspicious' Frenchmen and unofficial discourses of French colonialism in AOF (1918–1939)" (PDF), French Colonial History, 9: 103–130, doi:10.1353/fch.0.0005, ISSN 1539-3402
• Perret, J. L.; Sane, M.; Mbaye, P. S.; Fall, F.; Diop, M; Jousseaume, J. F. (2000), "The new poor expatriates in the third world", Med Trop (Mars), 60 (4): 375–377, PMID 11436594

Further reading

• Grisar-Kassé, Karen (2006), Indigenization of industrial management in postcolonial Africa: a case study from Senegal (PDF), Ph.D. dissertation, Bielefeld University, OCLC 282989058
• O'Brien, Rita Cruise (1972), White society in Black Africa: the French of Senegal, Northwestern University Press, ISBN 9780810103740
  • Based on O'Brien, Rita Cruise (1969), The French of Senegal: the behaviour and attitudes of a White minority in Africa, Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, OCLC 59607712

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Senegal| ]] [[Category:French diaspora|Senegal]]

TCRC fonts in Ubuntu

By Tenzinmonlam (talk · contribs). Deleted from mainspace and saved here. He says he tested it under Ubuntu 10.4 and Xbuntu 9.10.

Ubuntu 9.10 steps:

1. Install tibetan packages:

   sudo apt-get install ttf-tmuni

    

   This will install TibetanMachineUni.ttf font and other packages.

2. Download this file and extract it.
3. Now open a terminal follow this steps:

   cd Download/tcrclinux

   sh tcrc_setup.sh

4. Now copy the TCRC fonts into the fonts folder.
   • Press F2 key on the keyboard.
   • Type gksu nautilus into the box and hit enter.
   • Navigate to /usr/share/fonts/truetype (screenshot: [1])
   • Now create a folder and named it tcrc.
   • You will need to copy the TCRC font and paste it on the tcrc folder which you just have created.
   • Close the nautilus (file manager).
5. Open the terminal again and type:

   sudo fc-cache -v

    

   This command will refresh the fonts directory and make it available for use without system reboot or logout.

6. For the last step, add the TCRC keyboard layout. Click on System > Preferences > Keyboard (screenshot: [2])

Afghans in China

• Li Juanmei/李娟梅 (2004), "民国时期中英关于新疆阿富汗人国籍问题之交涉/The Negotiations between the Republic of China (1912-1949)and Britain on the Nationality of Afghans in Xinjiang", Western Regions Studies (2), ISSN 1002-4743

Nigerians in Ghana

• Sudarhasa, Niara (1979), "From Stranger to Alien: The Socio-Political History of the Nigerian Yoruba in Ghana, 1900-1970", in Shack, William A.; Skinner, Elliott P. (eds.), Strangers in African Societies, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, ISBN 9780520038127
• Eades, Jeremy (1993), Strangers and Traders: Yoruba migrants, markets and the state in Ghana, International African Library, vol. 11, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 9780748603862
• Bosiakoh, Thomas Antwi (2009), "Understanding Migration Motivations: The Case of Nigerians in Ghana", Legon Journal of Sociology, 3 (2): 93–112

Lebanese people in Nigeria

• Misra, Devendra M. (1992), "Public Reaction to the Lebanese Presence in Nigeria during the Colonial Period", in Hourani, Albert; Shehadi, Nadim (eds.), The Lebanese in the World: A Century of Emigration, I. B. Tauris, ISBN 9781850433033
• Silverstein, Ken (2009), "Invisible hands: The secret world of the oil fixer", Harper's Magazine, no. 3

Chinese people in Togo

• Sylvanus, Nina (April 2007), "Chinese Devils?" Perceptions of the Chinese in Lomé's Central Market, Working Papers, vol. 82, Globalization Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, retrieved 2009-04-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• "神秘網路歌手夏鳴《享受寂寞》背後的故事/The story behind mysterious internet singer Xia Ming's "Enjoying Loneliness"", Sina News, 2008-12-05, retrieved 2009-04-06

Cuban migration to Jamaica

• Lipman, Jana K. (November 2002), "Between Guantnamo and Montego bay: Cuba, Jamaica, migration and the cold war, 1959-62", Immigrants and Minorities, 21 (3): 25–51, doi:10.1080/02619288.2002.9975045{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• McGarrity, Gayle (March 1996), "Cubans in Jamaica: A Previously Neglected Segment of the Cuban Diaspora", Caribbean Quarterly, 42 (1): 55–83, doi:10.1080/00086495.1996.11672083{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Stubbs, Jean (31 January 1996), "Political Idealism and Commodity Production: Cuban Tobacco in Jamaica, 1870-1930", Cuban Studies, 25: 51–82, ISBN 9780822939115

Soviet Koreans in North Korea

Though it was common in most of the newly Communist countries of the Eastern Bloc to receive Soviet-educated personnel who were from the country or had ancestral ethnic connections there, in North Korea such returned members of national diaspora played a more important role than in other countries. There were four main groups of Soviet Koreans in Korea: those sent for intelligence work during the Japanese colonial period, the Red Army personnel who arrived in 1945–6, civilian advisors and teachers who arrived in 1946–8, and individuals who repatriated from the Soviet Union to North Korea for personal reasons.

Sources

• Lankov, Andrei (2002), "The Emergence of the Soviet faction in North Korea, 1945–55", From Stalin to Kim Il Song: the formation of North Korea, 1945–1960, C. Hurst & Co., pp. 110–135, ISBN 9781850655633
• Person, James F. (August 2006), 'We Need Help from Outside': The North Korean Opposition Movement of 1956 (PDF), Cold War International History Project Working Papers #52, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Sakha-German School

The Sakha-German School (Саха-немецкая школа) is a school in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic. It was established in 2001 as a branch of the Yakutsk State National Gymnasium (Якутской городской национальной гимназии).

Labuan Business Activity Tax Act

The Labuan Business Activity Tax Act (LBATA), formerly the Labuan Offshore Business Activity Tax (LOBATA), is a Malaysian law originally passed in 1990, then amended and renamed in 2010 in response to OECD pressure. It governs the taxation of companies incorporated in Labuan.

Some of Malaysia's treaties for the avoidance of double taxation explicitly exclude entities which are taxed under the LBATA. The treaties with Australia and Japan were amended to effect such an exclusion; South Korea has also repeatedly requested this exclusion, after Newbridge Capital was able to avoid capital gains tax on its purchase and subsequent sale of Korea First Bank (now part of SC First Bank) after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, by using a Labuan-based entity.

External links

• Full text of the Act on the site of the Labuan Financial Services Authority

[[Category:1990 in law]] [[Category:Laws of Malaysia]] [[Category:1990 in Malaysia]]

Names table for Changkya Khutukhtu

Mongolian name
Cyrillic	Зангиа Хутагт
Transliteration	Jangia Hutagt
Mongolian script	ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤ
Transliteration	Qutugtu
Tibetan name
Tibetan script	ལྕང་སྐྱ་ཧོ་ཐོག་ཐུ།
Wylie transliteration	lcang-skya ho-thog-thu
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	章嘉呼圖克圖
Pinyin	Zhāngjiā Hūtúkètú

Cleanup of Korean people categories

Category:Korean emigrants to the United States --- figure out the Korean names and dates of birth/emigration

• Peter M. Rhee
• Jeannette H. Lee
• Ed Bok Lee