Acadmemic degrees in Poland

Cycle of studies	Class	Discipline
Cycle of studies	Class	Default	Engineering	Medicine
1st	tytuł zawodowy Profesional title	licencjat lic. Licenciate	inżynier inż. Engineer	lekarz lek. Physician^[a]
2nd	tytuł zawodowy Profesional title	magister mgr Master	magister inżynier mgr inż. Master engineer	lekarz lek. Physician^[a]
3rd	stopień naukowy Academic degree	doktor dr Doctor	doktor inżynier dr inż. Doctor engineer	doktor nauk medycznych dr n. med. Doctor of medical sciences
Habilitation	stopień naukowy Academic degree	doktor habilitowany dr hab. Doctor habilitatus
Honorary	tytuł naukowy Academic title	profesor prof. Professor

^ Proffecional title of a physician is awarded after six years of study of medicine and completeing [an exam]. Corresponding title in veterinary medicine is veterinary physician (Lekarz weterynarii, lek. wet.). Corresponding title in dental medicine (tought in Poland as a separete academic discipline) is dental physician (Lekarz dentysta, lek. dent., lit. 'dentist-physician')

Electoral districts of Poland

In Poland, electoral districts known as okręgi wyborcze (sg. okręg wyborczy)^[a] to the bicameral parliament and the European Parliament are defined by an act of national legislature. There are currently 41 multi-member constituencies electing 460 members of the Sejm (lower house), and 100 single-member constituencies for the Senate (upper house). In European Parliament elections Poland elects 53 MEPs in 13 constituencies.

Constituencies in local elections are determined by regional electoral authorities. All types of constituencies are further divided into much smaller polling districts known as obwody głosowania (sg. obwód głosowania, lit. 'voting circuit' or 'voting oblast'), which are permanent and remain the same for all types of elections.

Constituencies of the Sejm

List

Constituency	Commission seat	Voivodeship	Area^[1] (km²)	Population^[1] (1 January 2023)	Electorate^[2] (2023)	Seats
1 (Legnica)	Legnica	Lower Silesian	8,304.16	933,467	705,355	12
2 (Wałbrzych)	Wałbrzych	Lower Silesian	4,179.75	611,851	469,771	8
3 (Wrocław)	Wrocław	Lower Silesian	7,463.13	1,342,715	991,398	14
4 (Bydgoszcz)	Bydgoszcz	Kuyavian-Pomeranian	8,916.15	984,022	736,102	12
5 (Toruń)	Toruń	Kuyavian-Pomeranian	9,055.40	1,022,854	766,803	13
6 (Lublin)	Lublin	Lublin	9,854.23	1,155,449	892,899	15
7 (Chełm)	Chełm	Lublin	15,268.20	869,188	684,520	12
8 (Zielona Góra)	Zielona Góra	Lubusz	13,987.72	979,976	731,347	12
9 (Łódź)	Łódź	Łódź	1,151.61	763,051	574,427	10
10 (Piotrków Trybunalski)	Piotrków Trybunalski	Łódź	7,405.40	687,916	534,429	9
11 (Sieradz)	Sieradz	Łódź	9,661.97	927,516	724,571	12
12 (Kraków I)	Kraków	Lesser Poland	2,780.59	639,543	488,478	8
13 (Kraków II)	Kraków	Lesser Poland	2,851.88	1,257,412	942,480	14
14 (Nowy Sącz)	Nowy Sącz	Lesser Poland	5,471.76	789,560	595,980	10
15 (Tarnów)	Tarnów	Lesser Poland	4,079.36	742,499	563,478	9
16 (Płock)	Płock	Masovian	10,265.63	797,062	619,635	10
17 (Radom)	Radom	Masovian	7,031.12	679,778	527,564	9
18 (Siedlce)	Siedlce	Masovian	13,321.44	933,923	725,834	12
19 (Warszawa I)	Warszawa	Masovian	517.20	1,861,975^[b]	1,927,793	20
20 (Warszawa II)	Warszawa	Masovian	4,423.32	1,237,874	876,706	12
21 (Opole)	Opole	Opole	9,411.60	942,441	730,417	12
22 (Krosno)	Krosno	Subcarpathian	9,829.68	836,983	652,328	11
23 (Rzeszów)	Rzeszów	Subcarpathian	8,015.69	1,242,115	947,474	15
24 (Białystok)	Białystok	Podlaskie	20,186.85	1,143,355	868,241	14
25 (Gdańsk)	Gdańsk	Pomeranian	6,520.95	1,099,937	813,135	12
26 (Słupsk)	Słupsk	Pomeranian	13,025.86	1,258,370	910,676	14
27 (Bielsko-biała I)	Bielsko-Biała	Silesian	2,824.24	768,577	578,133	9
28 (Częstochowa)	Częstochowa	Silesian	3,871.61	565,953	441,106	7
29 (Katowice I)	Katowice	Silesian	1,592.72	728,473	545,201	9
30 (Bielsko-biała II)	Bielsko-Biała	Silesian	1,585.26	704,225	530,008	9
31 (Katowice II)	Katowice	Silesian	659.98	929,776	695,432	12
32 (Katowice III)	Katowice	Silesian	1,800.26	649,698	499,586	9
33 (Kielce)	Kielce	Świętokrzyskie	11,708.78	1,178,164	933,071	16
34 (Elbląg)	Elbląg	Warmian-Masurian	9,728.89	591,880	449,980	8
35 (Olsztyn)	Olsztyn	Warmian-Masurian	14,444.82	774,550	581,013	10
36 (Kalisz)	Kalisz	Greater Poland	8,709.70	983,319	749,353	12
37 (Konin)	Konin	Greater Poland	7,594.21	758,916	580,833	9
38 (Piła)	Piła	Greater Poland	11,361.01	767,346	575,230	9
39 (Poznań)	Poznań	Greater Poland	2,161.83	983,996	712,724	10
40 (Koszalin)	Koszalin	West Pomeranian	11,733.63	611,896	459,778	8
41 (Szczecin)	Szczecin	West Pomeranian	11,173.77	1,028,726	758,332	12

Source: Act of 5 January 2011 – Election Code (PDF). pkw.gov.pl. Annex no. 1. Dziennik Ustaw z 2023 r. poz. 2408.

History

Current 41 constituencies where first introduced at the 2001 parliamentary election. Prior to that ...

Constituencies of the Senate

Constituencies of the European Parliament

Constituency	Commission seat	Area^[1] (km²)	Population^[3] (2024)	Electorate^[3] (2024)	Voivodeship
1 (Pomeranian)	Gdańsk	19,546.81	2,173,340	1,735,275	Pomeranian
2 (Kuyavian-Pomeranian)	Bydgoszcz	17,971.55	1,881,640	1,524,226	Kuyavian-Pomeranian
3 (Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian)	Olsztyn	44,360.56	2,411,420	1,951,813	Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian
4 (Warsaw)	Warszawa	4,940.52	2,783,177	2,307,445	Part of Masovian
5 (Masovian)	Warszawa	30,618.19	2,372,659	1,900,963	Part of Masovian
6 (Łódź)	Łódź	18,218.98	2,259,491	1,848,880	Łódź
7 (Greater Poland)	Poznań	29,826.75	3,305,579	2,635,926	Greater Poland
8 (Lublin)	Lublin	25,122.43	1,992,995	1,617,994	Lublin
9 (Subcarpathian)	Rzeszów	17,845.37	2,049,792	1,648,121	Subcarpathian
10 (Lesser Poland and Świętokrzyskie)	Kraków	26,892.37	4,434,381	3,567,851	Lesser Poland and Świętokrzyskie
11 (Silesian)	Katowice	12,334.07	4,065,019	3,312,853	Silesian
12 (Lower Silesian and Opole)	Wrocław	29,358.64	3,552,580	2,909,600	Lower Silesian and Opole
13 (Lubusz and West Pomeranian)	Gorzów Wielkopolski	36,895.12	2,445,481	1,991,810	Lubusz and West Pomeranian

Note:

^ Despite literal translation of Polish okręg wyborczy being 'electoral district', the term 'constituency' is more frequently found in translations.
^ Figure does not include Polish citizens living abroad, who vote with the constituency.

^ ^a ^b ^c "Statistics Poland / Topics / Population / Population / Area and population in the territorial profile in 2023". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
^ "Data in sheets in Parliament election 2023". sejmsenat2023.pkw.gov.pl. National Electoral Commission. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Data in sheets in European Parliament election 2024". wybory.gov.pl. National Electoral Commission. Retrieved 20 July 2024.

[1] Proffecional title of a physician is awarded after six years of study of medicine and completeing [an exam]. Corresponding title in veterinary medicine is veterinary physician (Lekarz weterynarii, lek. wet.). Corresponding title in dental medicine (tought in Poland as a separete academic discipline) is dental physician (Lekarz dentysta, lek. dent., lit. 'dentist-physician')

[2] Despite literal translation of Polish okręg wyborczy being 'electoral district', the term 'constituency' is more frequently found in translations.

[5] Figure does not include Polish citizens living abroad, who vote with the constituency.

[GUS-stats-3] "Statistics Poland / Topics / Population / Population / Area and population in the territorial profile in 2023". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 18 July 2024.

[4] "Data in sheets in Parliament election 2023". sejmsenat2023.pkw.gov.pl. National Electoral Commission. Retrieved 18 July 2024.

[2024-EP-data-sheets-6] "Data in sheets in European Parliament election 2024". wybory.gov.pl. National Electoral Commission. Retrieved 20 July 2024.

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