Toltrazuril
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| Trade names | Baycox, Tolcox |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.132.547 |
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| Formula | C18H14F3N3O4S |
| Molar mass | 425.38 g·mol−1 |
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Toltrazuril is an antiparasitic medication used primarily to treat coccidiosis in animals. Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by coccidia, which are microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida.[1][2][3]
Mechanism of action[edit]
Toltrazuril works by interfering with the protozoa's ability to reproduce. It disrupts the division of the protozoal nucleus and damages the cell membrane of the parasites. This action results in the destruction of the coccidia at all stages of their life cycle.[4]
Use in veterinary medicine[edit]
Toltrazuril is widely used in veterinary medicine to treat coccidiosis in various animals, including poultry, pigs, cattle, sheep, and companion animals like dogs and cats. It is often administered as a single dose or in a series of doses depending on the severity of the infection and the species being treated.[5][6]
Dosage and administration[edit]
The dosage of toltrazuril varies depending on the species and the formulation of the medication. It is available in various forms, including oral suspensions, solutions, and powders. For accurate dosing, it is crucial to follow veterinary advice or using a reliable dosage calculator. One such tool is the Toltrazuril 5% Coccishield Max Dosage Calculator.[7][8]
Safety and side effects[edit]
Toltrazuril is generally well-tolerated by animals, with minimal side effects when used at the recommended dosages. However, some animals may experience gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea or vomiting. It is important to use this medication under the guidance of a veterinarian to avoid potential overdosing or underdosing.[9]
References[edit]
- ^ Diaferia M, Veronesi F, Morganti G, Nisoli L, Fioretti DP (August 2013). "Efficacy of toltrazuril 5 % suspension (Baycox®, Bayer) and diclazuril (Vecoxan®, Janssen-Cilag) in the control of Eimeria spp. in lambs". Parasitology Research. 112 (Suppl 1): 163–168. doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3440-1. PMID 23756962.
- ^ "Toltrazuril - referral". European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 2024-07-01.
- ^ Hawkins MG (January 2014). "Advances in exotic mammal clinical therapeutics". Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 23 (1): 39–49. doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.006.
Toltrazuril, a broad-spectrum anticoccidial drug, is effective against both schizont and gamont stages of Eimeria spp.
- ^ Gjerde B, Helle O (1986). "Efficacy of toltrazuril in the prevention of coccidiosis in naturally infected lambs on pasture". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 27 (1): 124–137. doi:10.1186/BF03548565. PMC 8189374. PMID 3751809.
- ^ Ocal N, Yagci BB, Duru SY, Kul OG (January 2007). "Toltrazuril treatment for acute clinical coccidiosis in hair goat kids: clinical pathological, haematologic and biochemical findings". Medycyna Weterynaryjna. 63 (7): 805. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ Mathis GF, Froyman R, Irion T, Kennedy T (2003). "Coccidiosis control with toltrazuril in conjunction with anticoccidial medicated or nonmedicated feed". Avian Diseases. 47 (2): 463–9. doi:10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0463:CCWTIC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 12887207.
- ^ "Toltrazuril 5% (CocciShield Max) Dosage Calculator - Toltrazuril Shop". 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-07-01.
- ^ "Toltrazuril (Veterinary) | Indications, Pharmacology, Dosage, Side Effects & other Generic info with Available Brand names in Bangladesh | MedEx". medex.com.bd. Retrieved 2024-07-01.
- ^ "Toltrazuril for Dogs and Cats". www.petmd.com. Retrieved 2024-07-01.