Theodore Schurch
Theodore William John Schurch | |
|---|---|
 Schurch in British custody (11 May 1945) | |
| Born | 5 May 1918 Hammersmith, London, England |
| Died | 4 January 1946 (aged 27) Pentonville Prison, London, England |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Political party | British Union of Fascists |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Conviction(s) | Treachery (8 counts) Desertion with intent to join the enemy |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom Nazi Germany Kingdom of Italy |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1936–1942 |
| Rank | Private |
| Unit | Royal Army Service Corps |
| Battles / wars | Second World War |
Theodore William John Schurch (5 May 1918 – 4 January 1946) was a British soldier who was executed under the Treachery Act 1940 after the end of the Second World War. He was the last person to be executed in Britain for an offence other than murder.
Early life
[edit]Schurch was born in Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith, London, while his Swiss father was living in Britain. He held Swiss citizenship through his parents. During his late teens, Schurch was a member of the British Union of Fascists.[1]
In 1936, he enlisted in the British Army as a Royal Army Service Corps driver.[2]
Double agent
[edit]In June 1942, Schurch was captured by Axis forces at Tobruk during the North African campaign. Soon afterwards, he began working for both Italian and German intelligence. He often posed as a prisoner of war to gain the trust of Allied prisoners, including Lieutenant Colonel Sir David Stirling, initiator of the Special Air Service.[2]
Trial and execution
[edit]Schurch was arrested in Rome in March 1945, and charged with nine counts of treachery and one count of desertion. He was tried by court martial at the Duke of York's Headquarters in Chelsea, London, in September 1945, Major Melford Stevenson presiding. He was defended by Alexander Brands KC. During his court martial, Schurch demanded to know the religion of each judge. After learning that one of the officers, a major, was Jewish, he asked for him to be removed. The request was granted after Schurch's lawyer said "The question of fascism looms large in the accused's mind, there would be an inevitable clash between the accused and the major."[3] Schurch was nevertheless found guilty of all counts and received the death sentence mandated under law.[4]
Schurch was hanged on 4 January 1946 at HM Prison Pentonville, at the age of 27.[5] His execution was carried out by Albert Pierrepoint, who had hanged William Joyce the previous day for high treason.[2]
Schurch was the only British soldier executed for treachery committed during the war.[2] However, Duncan Scott-Ford, a merchant seaman, and civilians George Johnson Armstrong and Oswald John Job were also hanged for treachery, and New Zealand-born Captain Patrick Stanley Vaughan Heenan of the British Indian Army was convicted of espionage, and shot by a guard. Harold Cole, a British POW who betrayed members of the French Resistance, was shot dead by the French police in January 1946, a month after he escaped from custody.
Civilians William Joyce and John Amery were executed for high treason, a different offence.
References
[edit]- ^ Graham Macklin (2007). Very deeply dyed in black: Sir Oswald Mosley and the resurrection of British fascism after 1945. International Library of Political Studies. Vol. 14. I.B.Tauris. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-84511-284-4.
- ^ a b c d Macintyre, Ben (2016). Rogue Warriors. New York: Crown Publishing Group. pp. 177–178, 189–190, 203–204, 350–351. ISBN 9781101904169.
- ^ "Jewish Officer Removed from British Military Court at Request of Pro-nazi Defendant". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ^ "News in Brief." Times, London, England, 3 January 1946: 4. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 March. 2015.
- ^ "Soldier Executed." Times, London, England, 5 January 1946: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 March. 2015.
Further reading
[edit]- Norman Davies (2008). Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory. Pan Macmillan. p. 234. ISBN 978-0-330-47229-6.
External links
[edit]- "Soldier Accused Of Aiding Enemy." Times, London, England, 13 September. 1945: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 February. 2015.
- "Private Accused Of Treachery." Times, London, England, 18 September. 1945: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 February. 2015.
- 1918 births
- 1946 deaths
- Military personnel from the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
- Antisemitism in England
- People from Hammersmith
- People convicted of desertion
- Royal Army Service Corps soldiers
- British Army personnel of World War II
- British Army personnel who were court-martialled
- British World War II prisoners of war
- Executed British collaborators with Fascist Italy
- Executed British collaborators with Nazi Germany
- Executed Swiss collaborators with Nazi Germany
- Executed people from London
- Executed military personnel
- English members of the British Union of Fascists
- English people of Swiss descent
- English World War II spies for Germany
- Nazis executed by the British military by hanging
- People executed under the Treachery Act 1940
- World War II spies for Italy