Sz (digraph)

Sz digraph

Sz is a digraph of the Latin script, used in Polish, Kashubian and Hungarian, and in the Wade–Giles system of Romanization of Chinese, as well as the Hong Kong official romanization of Cantonese.

Polish

In Polish orthography, sz represents a voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/. It usually corresponds to š or ш in other Slavic languages. It is usually approximated by English speakers with the "sh" sound (and conversely, Polish speakers typically approximate the English digraph sh with the "sz" sound), although the two sounds are not completely identical.

Like other Polish digraphs, it is not considered a single letter for collation purposes.

sz should not be confused with ś (or s followed by i), termed "soft sh", a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative /ɕ/.

Examples of sz

obszar^ⓘ (area, territory)
płaszcz^ⓘ (coat, cloak)
Tomasz^ⓘ (Thomas)

Compare ś:
świeca^ⓘ (candle)
iść^ⓘ (to go)
sierpień^ⓘ (August)

Kashubian

In Kashubian, sz represents a voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/, identical to the English "sh". It corresponds to the voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ in Polish.

Examples

These examples are Kashubian words that use the letter sz, with the English translation following.

• szãtopiérz = bat
• szczawa = sorrel
• szczãka = jaw
• szczëka = pike (fish type)
• szerszéń = hornet

Hungarian

Sz is the thirty-second letter of the Hungarian alphabet. It represents /s/ and is called "esz" /ɛs/. Thus, names like Liszt are pronounced /list/ list.

In Hungarian, even if two characters are put together to make a different sound, they are considered one letter (a true digraph), and even acronyms keep the letter intact.

Hungarian usage of s and sz is almost the reverse of the Polish usage. In Hungarian, s represents /ʃ/ (a sound similar to /ʂ/). Therefore, the Hungarian capital of Budapest is natively pronounced (/ˈbudɒpɛʃt/), rhyming with standard English fleshed rather than pest.

There is also a zs in Hungarian, which is the last (forty-fourth) letter of the alphabet, following z.

Examples

These examples are Hungarian words that use the letter sz, with the English translation following:

• szabó = tailor
• szép = beautiful
• szikla = rock
• szőke = blonde
• szülő = parent
• szusi = sushi
• Olaszország = Italy

Wade–Giles

In the Wade–Giles system of Romanization of Chinese, ⟨sz⟩ is used to represent the syllabic /s/ with the "empty rime". See Wade–Giles → Empty rime.

See also

• Hungarian alphabet
• Polish alphabet
• ß, called S-Sharp