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Shrimad Ramayan

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Shrimad Ramayan
GenreEpic
Mythology
Created bySiddharth Kumar Tewary
Based onValmiki Ramayana
Ramcharitmanas
Screenplay byAnand Neelakantan
Directed byKamal Monga
Loknath Pandey
Sumit Thakur
StarringSee below
Music byLalit Sen
Opening themeShrimad Ramayan
Country of originIndia
Original languageHindi
No. of seasons1
No. of episodes250
Production
ProducersSiddharth Kumar Tewary
Gayatri Gill Tewary
Rahul Kumar Tewary
Production locationUmargam
CinematographyAfsar Faruque
Veerdhaval Puranik
EditorGanga Kacharla
Camera setupMulti-camera
Running time19–49 minutes
Production companySwastik Productions
Original release
NetworkSony Entertainment Television (2024)
Sony SAB (2024–present)
Release1 January 2024 (2024-01-01) –
present

Shrimad Ramayan (transl.Holy Ramayana) is an Indian Hindi-language television series that premiered from 1 January 2024 to 9 August 2024 on Sony TV and airing on Sony SAB since 12 August 2024.[1][2] Produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary under the banner of Swastik Productions, the series is based on the epic Ramayana. It stars Sujay Reu as Rama and Prachi Bansal as Sita.[3][4]

Plot

[edit]

The series showcases the life of Rama, the 7th incarnation of Lord Vishnu. It shows how he dealt with hardships in his life and how his life became an inspiration. It also showcases the ordeal and journey he went through to free his beloved wife, Sita (Incarnation of Goddess Lakshmi), from the rakshasa king Ravana, who abducted her. Lord Ram is born to King Dasharatha and Kaushalya while Bharat (incarnation of Vishnu's Shankha) is born to Kaikeyi and Lakshman (Sheshanaga) and Shatrughan (Sudarshan Chakra) is born to Sumitra. King Janak and Queen Sunayana get Sita from the Land. Her sister Urmila (Nagalakshmi), Cousins Mandavi (Lakshmi's Shankha) and Shrutkirti (Lakshmi's Chakra) grew up together and Sita lifts Lord Mahadev's Bow pinaka. After growing up Ram and Lakshman defeat Tataka and her sons with the guidance of Sage Vishwamitra and reaches Mithila Ram - Sita, Bharat - Mandavi, Lakshman - Urmila and Shatrughan - Shrutkirti get married. Manthara, along with Kaikeyi sends them to exile. The rest of the story is about the difficulties and hardships they faced during and after the exile and how Lord Ram defeated Ravan without leaving Dharma.[5]

Cast

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Main

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  • Sujay Reu as Rama / Lord Vishnu - Vishnu's 7th incarnation; Dasharatha and Kaushalya's son; Bharat, Lakshmana and Shatrughna's brother; Sita's husband; Lav and Kush's father
    • Tanmay Shah as Young Rama
  • Prachi Bansal as Sita / Devi Lakshmi - Lakshmi's incarnation; Janak and Sunaina's elder daughter; Urmila's sister, Mandavi and Shrutakirti's cousin; Rama's wife; Lav and Kush's mother
    • Hansika Jangid as Young Sita
  • Basant Bhatt as Lakshmana - Sheshanaga's incarnation; Dasharatha and Sumitra's elder son; Rama, Bharata and Shatrughna's brother; Urmila's husband
    • Subhan Khan as Young Lakshman
  • Nikitin Dheer as Ravana - Jaya's incarnation; King of Lanka; Vishrava and Kaikasi's eldest son; Kumbhakarna, Vibhishana and Shurpanakha's brother; Mandodari's husband; Meghanada, Akshayakumara and Atikaya's father
    • Athar Khan as Young Ravan
  • Nirbhay Wadhwa as
    • Hanuman - Lord Vayu's son; Kesari and Anjana's son; Rama's devotee
      • Karim Qureshi as Young Hanuman
    • Makaradhwaja - Hanuman's son

Recurring

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  • Nikhlesh Rathore as Bharata - Shankha's incarnation; Dasharatha and Kaikeyi's son; Ram, Lakshmana and Shatrughna's brother; Mandavi's husband
    • Hassan Syed as Young Bharata
  • Samarthya Gupta as Shatrughna - Sudarshana's incarnation; Dasharatha and Sumitra's younger son; Rama, Bharata and Lakshmana's brother; Shrutakirti's husband
    • Shabd Grover as Young Shatrughna
  • Vaidehi Nair as Urmila - Nagalakshmi's incarnation; Janak and Sunaina's younger daughter; Sita's sister, Mandavi and Shrutakirti's cousin; Lakshmana's wife
    • Purvi Mishra as Young Urmila
  • Sheersha Tiwari as Mandavi - Lakshmi shankh's incarnation; Kushadhvaj and Chandrabhaga's elder daughter; Sita and Urmila's cousin; Shrutakirti's sister; Bharata's wife
    • Dhwani Buch as Young Mandavi
  • Siddhi Sharma / Charmi Dhami / Sonal Singh as Shrutakirti - Lakshmi chakra's incarnation; Kushadhvaj and Chandrabhaga's younger daughter; Sita and Urmila's cousin; Mandavi's sister; Shatrughna's wife
    • Dhivija Arora as Young Shrutakirti
  • Atharv J Jhony as Kusha - Ram and Sita's younger son; Lava's twin brother
  • Shourya Mandoriya as Lava - Ram and Sita's elder son; Kusha's twin brother
  • Aarav Chowdhary as Dasharatha - King of Ayodhya; Kaushalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra's husband; Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna's father
  • Anandi Tripathi as Kaushalya - Dasharatha's first wife; Rama's mother
  • Shilpa Saklani as Kaikeyi - Dasharatha's second wife; Bharata's mother
  • Bhawna Aneja as Sumitra - Dasharatha's third wife; Lakshmana and Shatrughna's mother
  • Jiten Lalwani as Janaka - King of Mithila; Kushadhvaja's brother; Sunaina's husband; Sita and Urmila's father
  • Via Roy Chaudhary as Sunayana - Janaka's wife; Sita and Urmila's mother
  • Arnav as Somkaran - Luv and Kush's friend
  • Dhrisha Kalyani as - Prasuta; Sister in Law
  • Rushiraj Pawar as Meghanada - Ravana and Mandodari's elder son; Akshayakumara and Atikaya's brother; Sulochana's husband
  • Gurpreet Bedi / Harleen Rekhi as Mandodari - Mayasura and Hema's daughter; Ravana's wife; Meghanada and Akshayakumara's mother
  • Sameer Khan as Kumbhakarna - Vijaya's incarnation; Vishrava and Kaikasi's second son; Ravana, Vibhishana and Shurpanakha's brother; Kumbha and Nikumbha's father
  • Kunal Bakshi as Vibhishana - Vishrava and Kaikasi's third son; Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Shurpanakha's brother; Rama's devotee
  • Sangeeta Odwani as Shurpanakha - Vishrava and Kaikasi's daughter; Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Vibhishana's sister; Vidyutjiva's wife; Shambuka's mother
  • Akash Kapoor as Akshayakumara - Ravana and Mandodari's younger son; Meghanada and Atikaya's brother
  • Malhar Pandya as
    • Sugriva - King of Kishkindha; Vali's younger twin brother; Ruma and Tara's husband
    • Vali - King of Kishkindha; Sugriva elder twin's brother; Tara's husband; Angada's father
  • Abhishek Jangra as Angada - Prince of Kishkindha; Vali and Tara's son
  • Vanshika Yadav as Trinavati - Princess of Kishkindha; Sugriv and Ruma's daughter
  • Tarun Sharma as
    • Jatayu - Shyeni and Aruna's younger son; Sampati's brother
    • Jambavan - Rama's devotee; Jambavati's father
  • Tarun Khanna as Lord Shiva - Parvati's husband; Kartikeya and Ganesha's father
  • Aishwarya Raj Bhakuni as Devi Parvati, Mahagauri - Shiva's wife; Kartikeya and Ganesha's mother
  • Ketan Karande as Nandi Lord Shiva's bull
  • Geeta Khanna as Manthara - Kaikeyi's maid
  • Surendra Pal / Krishnakant Singh Bundela as Vasishtha - Family priest of Ayodhya; Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna's teacher
  • Vishnu Sharma as Vishvamitra - Rama and Lakshmana's teacher
  • Dhananjay Singh as Sumantra - Dasharatha's minister
  • Yogesh Mahajan as Shatananda - Gautama Maharishi and Ahalya's son; Janaka's advisor
  • Manish Khanna as Jabali - Dasharatha's advisor
  • Sandeep Arora as Nala - Vishwakarma's son; Nila's brother
  • Nitin Parashar as Nila - Vishwakarma's son; Nala's brother
  • Snehal Waghmare as Tara - Vali and Sugriva's wife; Angad's mother
  • Meghna Panchal as Rumā - Sugriva and Vali's wife
  • Jameel Chaudhary as Kesari - Brihaspati's son; Anjana's husband; Hanuman's father
  • Kinjal Pandya as Anjana - Kesari's wife; Hanuman's mother
  • Mrinal Shrivastav as Shabari - Rama's devotee; Matanga's student
  • Deepak Bhatia as Parashurama - Vishnu's 6th incarnation; Jamadagni and Renuka’s son; Shiva’s disciple
  • Garima Jain as Ahalya - Gautama's wife; Shatananda's mother
  • Arun Singh as Atri - Anasuya's husband; Rama's guide; One of the Saptarshis
  • Sampada Vaze as Anasuya - Atri's wife
  • Meenakshi Sethi as Gargi - Vachaknu's daughter
  • Raja Kapse as Kakabhushundi - Rama's devotee
  • Neha Nirwan as Sulochana - Vasuki and Shatashirsha's daughter; Meghanada's wife
  • Brownie Parashar as Shukracharya - Meghanada's teacher
  • Praneet Bhat as Sahastra Ravana - Vishrava and Kaikasi's son; Ravana, Kumbhakarna, Vibhishana and Shrupanakha's brother
  • Kamaljeet Rana as Khara - Dushana's twin brother; Ravana, Kumbhakarna, Vibhishana and Shurpanakha's step-brother
  • Arjun Kumar as Vidyutjiva - Shurpanakha's husband; Shambuka's father
  • Devish Ahuja as Shambuka - Shurpanakha and Vidyutjiva's son
  • Neetu Pandey as Kaikasi - Vishrava's wife; Ravana, Kumbhakarna, Vibhishana and Shurpanakha's mother
  • Yogesh Bhardwaj as Prahasta - Sumali and Ketumathi's son; Ravana's uncle; Lanka's chief commander
  • Vineet Asthana as Kumbha - Kumbhakarna and Vajrajvala's elder son; Nikumbha's brother
  • Touseef Raza Barkati as Nikumbha - Kumbhakarna and Vajrajvala's younger son; Kumbha's brother
  • Ansha Sayed as Tataka - Sunda's wife; Marich and Subhau's mother
  • Satendra Yadav as Subahu - Sunda and Tataka's son; Marich's brother
  • Asha Singh as Trijata - Sita's guard at Ashoka vatika
  • Ritu P Sood as Surasa - Daksha and Asikni's daughter; Kashyapa's wife
  • Mohammed Saud Suri as Shravana Kumara - Shantanu and Gyanvanti's son
  • Govind Namdev as Lord Brahma - Creator of the Universe; Saraswati's husband
  • Shreya Khanna as Saraswati - Goddess of Knowledge; Brahma's wife
  • Yash Bhojwani as Lord Kartikeya - God of Victory and War; Shiva and Parvati's elder son
  • Riyansh Vikram Dhabi or Kaizan Khambatta as Lord Ganesha - God of Wisdom and Luck; Shiva and Parvati's younger son
  • Meer Ali as Indra - King of Devas; Jayanta's father
  • Gaurav Sharma as Jayanta - Indra's son
  • Bharat Bhatia as Kubera - God of Wealth; Vishrava and Ilavida's son; Ravana, Kumbhakarna, Vibhishana and Shurpanakha's step-brother
  • Sharma M Shishir as Shani - God of Karma
  • Aryan Hasan as Varshal Mahabal - Commander of the Monkey Army
  • Sandeep Sharma as Narada - Messenger of the Devas
  • Punesh Tripathi as Jambumali - Prahasta's son; Ravana's cousin

Production

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Development

[edit]

Siddharth Kumar Tewary announced Shrimad Ramayan, that is produced under his banner Swastik Productions in August 2023.[6] It is an adaptation of the epic Ramayana, and is based on Valmiki's Ramayana and Tulsidas's Ramcharitmanas.[7][8] In December 2023, Tewary stated that criticism to film Adipurush, was one of the reason to make the show. He added,

Honestly, I like the fact that audiences are sensitive towards the history of our country. It defines our history, culture and even our country. There is a reason why someone would get offended. And it's not my intention to offend anyone. I want them to come together and celebrate it with me. I have a proper research team and everything that's going out, every word about this show is properly vetted. So if anyone raises a question tomorrow, we have an authentic source that we can count on.[9]

The team of Shrimad Ramayan also visited Ayodhya, before the launch of the series.[10]

Casting

[edit]

Sujay Reu and Prachi Bansal were cast as Rama and Sita respectively.[11][12] The series marks Reu's third and Bansal's second project with the production house.[13][14] Basant Bhatt and Vaidehi Nair were cast as Lakshmana and Urmila.[15][16] Nirbhay Wadhwa was cast as Hanuman, in his fourth on-screen portrayal of the character.[17]

In October 2023, Nikitin Dheer joined the cast as Ravana, marking his television comeback after 5 year.[18] Aarav Chowdhary was cast as Dashratha.[19] Nikhilesh Rathore was then cast as Bharata[20] and Samarthya Gupta was cast as Shatrughna.[21] Later, Anandi Tripathi was cast as Kaushalya, Bhawna Aneja as Sumitra and Shilpa Saklani as Kaikeyi.[22][23] Neetu Pandey was cast as Kaikasi.[24]

In January 2024, Gurpreet Bedi was cast to play Mandodari and Garima Jain was cast to play Ahalya.[25] Sangeeta Odwani was cast to play Shurpanakha and Arjun Kumar was cast to play Vidyutjiva.[26][27] Later, in February 2024, Rushiraj Pawar was cast to play Meghanada.[28] In March 2024, Malhar Pandya was cast in the dual role of brothers Sugriva and Vali.[29] In September 2024, Atharv J Jhony and Shourya Mandoriya were cast as Kusha and Lava respectively.[30]

Design

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The series set covering 10 acres of land in Umargam, Valsad, Gujarat, is designed by art director Omung Kumar.[31] Costume designer of the series is Shibapriya Sen. Sita's wedding look included 15kg lehenga and 15meter long head trail. The hand-made embroidery took 3 days and 18 hours, with the entire lehenga taking 5 days to complete. Sen added,

Designing Sita's wedding look was ethereal, where femininity met divinity. It was a blessing to design the wedding looks for Prabhu Shri Ram and Mata Sita. The costumes and accessories were heavy, but the actors embraced it. We've maintained the sanctity of the occasion through traditional craftsmanship.[32]

Filming

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Shrimad Ramayan is mainly shot in Umargam in Gujarat and has a high production and VFX value.[33][34]

Dubbed versions

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Since May 2024, Shrimad Ramayan has been dubbed in other languages such as in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. It is broadcast on Sun TV Network's group of channels in the respective languages.[35][36][37][38] The show is also dubbed in Bengali language and is broadcast on Sony Aath since October 2024.[39]

Soundtrack

[edit]
Shrimad Ramayan
Original Sound Track
Soundtrack album by
Lalit Sen
Released15 December 2023 (2023-12-15)
Genre
Length38:00
LanguageHindi
LabelSony Entertainment Television
ProducerSiddharth Kumar Tewary
Gayatri Gill Tewary

The soundtrack of Shrimad Ramayan has been composed by Lalit Sen with lyrics written by Vinod Sharma.[40] Subhadeep Das Chowdhury, Menuka Poudel, Vaibhav Gupta, Ananya Pal and Utkarsh Wankhede, the contestants of Indian Idol 14 have also sung a version of the title song.[41]

Shrimad Ramayan: Tracklisting
No.TitleLength
1."Shrimad Ramayan (Theme Song)"1:48
2."Shrimad Ramayan"1:48
3."Ram Siya Ram"2:14
4."Ramayan Chaupai"20:55
5."Shri Ram Theme"1:00
6."Sita Theme"1:00
7."Ram Janam"0:52
8."Sita Janam"0:52
9."Narayan Theme"1:30
10."Mahadev Theme"0:30
11."Siya Varan Kare Ram"2:12
12."Thumak Thumak"0:44
13."Ram Bhakt Le Chala"0:45

Reception

[edit]

Gayatri Nirmal from Pinkvilla stated, "The surprisingly fresh and convincing cast works. The rich storytelling and the VFX (visual effects) literally added life to the characters, and the dialogues, drawn from the original scripture of Valmiki, are both powerful and thought-provoking."[42]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "New mythological show Srimad Ramayan to be launched on January 2024 on Sony TV". The Indian Express. 16 August 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  2. ^ डेस्क, एबीपी एंटरटेनमेंट (17 August 2023). "टीवी पर फिर गूंजेगी भगवान श्रीराम की महागाथा, जानें पौराणिक शो 'श्रीमद रामायण' कब और कहा आएगा". www.abplive.com (in Hindi). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  3. ^ "सोनी टीवी पर दिखेगी भगवान श्रीराम की महागाथा 'श्रीमद रामायण', जानें कब से होगा प्रसारण". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  4. ^ "Srimad Ramayan: टीवी पर आ रही 'श्रीमद् रामायण', रिलीज हुआ टीजर, फैन्स बोले- बस 'आदिपुरुष' जैसी न हो". आज तक (in Hindi). 17 August 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  5. ^ Dhinda, Rani (4 November 2024). "Showpm Serial". Showpm. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  6. ^ "Srimad Ramayan: Teaser of TV show unveiled months after Adipurush release, internet says 'hope it's not like the film'". Hindustan Times. 17 August 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  7. ^ "New mythological show 'Srimad Ramayan' to premiere in January 2024". India Today. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  8. ^ "Sony TV gets a show titled Srimad Ramayan, to go on air in January 2024". Mid-day. 16 August 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  9. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan producer: Negativity faced by Adipurush is why I'm making this". India Today. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  10. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan team goes on a pilgrimage to Ayodhya ahead of shows launch". Times Now News. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  11. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan Cast: भगवान राम सहित इन किरदारों के लिए फाइनल हुई कास्ट, TV पर फिर गूंजेगी जय-जयकार". Times Now News. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  12. ^ "Sujay Reu And Prachi Bansal To Play Ram And Sita In Siddharth Kumar Tewary's Shrimad Ramayan". Times of India. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Sujay Reu plays Maryada Purushottam Prabhu Shri Ram in Sony Entertainment's new show Srimad Ramayan". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  14. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan Promo: Prachi Bansal introduced as Sita in the new Sony Entertainment Television show". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  15. ^ "Basant Bhatt on playing Lakshmana in Shrimad Ramayan: It is about commitment, brotherhood, loyalty and love". Times of India. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  16. ^ "Vaidehi Nair to play pivotal role in Siddharth Kumar Tewary's Srimad Ramayan". Pinkvilla. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  17. ^ "Nirbhay Wadhwa all set to play Lord Hanuman again in Shrimad Ramayan". The Times of India. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Exclusive: Chennai Express' Thangaballi Nikitin Dheer to play Ravana in Siddharth Kumar Tewary's Shrimad Ramayan". The Times of India. 23 October 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  19. ^ "रामायण वही किरदार नया, जानें कौन होंगे राम-सीता?". www.abplive.com (in Hindi). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  20. ^ "Nikhilesh Rathore on essaying Bharata in 'Srimad Ramayana' : I enjoy spirituality". Outlook India. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  21. ^ "Samarthya Gupta to play Shatrughna in Srimad Ramayana, says 'I'm immensely passionate about acting'". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  22. ^ "Aarav Chowdhury, Shilpa Saklani, and others open up about Shrimad Ramayan". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  23. ^ "TV पर बनने जा रही है एक और 'रामायण', शिल्पा बनेंगी कैकेयी और निकितिन धीर को मिला रावण का रोल". Navbharat Times (in Hindi). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  24. ^ "सोनी टीवी के श्रीमद रामायण में नजर आएगी नीतू पांडे". Manoranjan News. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  25. ^ "Exclusive - Garima Jain confirms joining the cast of Shrimad Ramayan". Times Now News. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Sangeeta Odwani breathes life into the role of Shurpanakha in Shrimad Ramayan". Times of India. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Kundali Bhaygya actor Arjun Kumar makes mythological debut with Shrimad Ramayan". Times of India. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  28. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan: Rushiraj Pawar aka Meghanada practices for Yudh Abhyas; aims to become the best". Pinkvilla. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  29. ^ "Malhar Pandya to play dual role of Sugriva and Vali in Shrimad Ramayan". Outlook India. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Prachi Bansal opens up about how will Luv-Kush bridge the distance between Lord Ram and Mata Sita". The Times of India. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  31. ^ "Srimad Ramayan promo: Sujay Reu to play Lord Ram, fans praise show's VFX". India Today. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  32. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan: Decoding exquisite bridal ensemble of Mata Sita's wedding from the show". Pinkvilla. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  33. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan: क्या सोनी ने बनाई छोटे परदे की 'आदिपुरुष', तकनीक के सहारे रामकथा का ताव बदलने की कोशिश". Amar Ujala. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  34. ^ "तीन टीवी सीरियल जितना 'श्रीमद रामायण' का बजट:कपड़े-ज्वेलरी पर चार गुना ज्यादा खर्च; अयोध्या और लंका के लिए अलग-अलग सेट बने". Dainik Bhaskar. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  35. ^ "Sun TV Ramayanam Serial Telecast Date And Time: Promo Video Offers Sneak Peek Into The Show". Filmibeat. 30 April 2024.
  36. ^ "Ramayanam Malayalam TV Serial on Surya TV, Starts from 20th May Everyday at 06:00 PM". Kerala TV. 16 May 2024.
  37. ^ "Gemini TV to telecast Shrimad Ramayanam in Telugu from May 27". Deccan Chronicle. 23 May 2024.
  38. ^ "ಉದಯ ಟಿವಿಯಲ್ಲಿ 'ಶ್ರೀಮದ್ ರಾಮಾಯಣ' ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ನೋಡಿ, ನಗದು ಬಹುಮಾನ ಗೆಲ್ಲಿ". TV9 Kannada. 15 May 2024.
  39. ^ "'Shrimad Ramayan' set to launch on Sony AATH". Mediabrief. 30 September 2024.
  40. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan Title Track - Full Song". SET India - YouTube. 15 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  41. ^ "Indian Idol 14 contestants lend their voice for Shrimad Ramayan; Shreya Ghoshal expresses being proud of them". Pinkvilla. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  42. ^ "Shrimad Ramayan Review, Episodes 1 and 2: A cinematic visual spectacle on small screen". Pinkvilla. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
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