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Peter Cárdenas Schulte

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Peter Cárdenas Schulte
Birth namePeter David Peabody Cárdenas Schulte
BornMay 15, 1955
Lima, Peru
AllegiancePRP (1974-1976)
PSR-ML (1976-1979)
MRTA (1982-1992)
RankCommander in Lima
Known forCo-founding the MRTA
Heading logistics and finances of the MRTA
Alma materNational University of Cordoba

Peter David Peabody Cárdenas Schulte,[1] also known as Comrade Alejandro and El Siciliano,[2] is a Peruvian terrorist and former convict known as a co-founder and the second-in-command of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA). Within the MRTA, Schulte served as the head of logistics and finances.[3] Schulte was known as the architect behind the idea of people's prisons.[4]

Biography

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Schulte was born on May 15, 1955, in Lima, Peru. He studied at the Carmelitas de Miraflores school in Miraflores District, and intended on becoming a priest.[5] In 1974, Schulte traveled to Argentina to study at the National University of Córdoba. Schulte began taking part in attacks by the People's Revolutionary Army (PRP) between 1974 and 1976, learning guerrilla tactics in the process.[6][7] After the 1976 Argentine coup d'état by Jorge Rafael Videla, Schulte was arrested twice. The first arrest was at a street protest, and the second was in connection to a murder of a policeman. Due to a lack of evidence, Schulte was released and returned to Peru where he worked at El Tigre chocolate factory in Lima.[7] At El Tigre, Schulte began doing union work and contacted militants within the Revolutionary Socialist Party (PSR), although this failed after new laws instated by the 1968 Peruvian coup d'état.[7]

Schulte then moved to Huancayo, where he worked for an NGO and the local Radio Huancavelica. In Huancayo, Schulte founded a newspaper called Pucutay and served as a delegate of the PSR in the city.[8] He participated in the PSR's congress where the group split and became the Marxist–Leninist Revolutionist Socialist Party (PSR-ML).[8] In 1979, Schulte was contacted by Luis Varese to form the Anti-imperialist Revolutionary Front for Socialsm (FRAS).[8] In the late 1970s, Schulte was trained in guerrilla tactics at the Nico Lopez cadre school in Cuba due to friendly relations between the PSR-ML and the communist Cuban government.[9] In 1980, Schulte participated in the Revolutionary Left Alliance (ARI). He separated from his wife in 1981, and his wife and son Alejandro returned to Argentina that same year. Schulte married another woman and would have two children with her later on.[7]

Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement

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Schulte co-founded the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) with Víctor Polay, and dedicated himself to recruiting members for the group between 1982 and 1984. In 1984, Schulte conducted an attack against the Villa El Salvador police station, marking the MRTA's first terrorist attack.[10] He was arrested for the first time in 1988 at the Lima airport when attempting to travel to Mexico with Hugo Avellaneda to attend a meeting, and was released in 1989 due to lack of evidence of being with the MRTA.[11]

Following his arrest, Schulte was appointed as the MRTA's commander in Lima and coordinated attacks for the group in the city.[12] Schulte coordinated and participated in the kidnapping of businessman Hector Delgado Parker and the assassination of General Enrique López Albujar Trint.[13][14] Schulte developed the people's prisons methodology employed by the MRTA, where the group's opponents were kidnapped and tortured. MRTA members would taunt the families with photos of the victims and Schulte would set ransoms.[13][15]

In 1990, Schulte participated in the escape of Victor Polay and Lucero Cumpa which took place from a tunnel.[16] Schulte was one of the most wanted terrorists in Latin America at the time of his arrest. He was arrested nine days after the 1992 Peruvian self-coup by Alberto Fujimori in a house located in a middle-class neighborhood next to a people's prison he operated.[17][14] Schulte was sentenced to life imprisonment, and his release was one of the main demands of Néstor Cerpa Cartolini during Cartolini's seizure of the Japanese embassy in Lima in 1996.[18][19]

Post-MRTA activity

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Schulte claimed he and other MRTA members were arrested for "opposing the Fujimori dictatorship" in 2003.[20] Schulte reconnected around that time with his son Alejandro, who wrote and directed a movie about him named Alias Alejandro, which released in 2005.[21] The film was part of a competition by the German Film and Television Academy in Berlin, and Alejandro won a scholarship from the movie.[20][22]

After serving 25 years in prison at the Callao Naval Base, Schulte was released in 2015.[23][24] His sentence had been overturned, and he received a new trial by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.[25] After being released, Schulte traveled to Sweden.[26]

In a 2016 interview, Schulte announced his intention to participate in politics through the Broad Front, and saw it as the only viable party.[26][27] In the 2016 Peruvian general election, Schulte supported Verónika Mendoza in the first round and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in the second.[28][29] In the 2020 Peruvian parliamentary election, Schulte supported the Broad Front, Together for Peru, and Free Peru.[30] He supported Pedro Castillo in 2021, and stated that he would return to Peru and enter politics if Castillo won.[31]

References

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  1. ^ Ph.D, Douglas E. Campbell (2011-12-01). Computer Terrorism. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-105-22289-4.
  2. ^ República, La (2015-09-22). "Peter Cárdenas, ex cabecilla del MRTA, salió libre tras 25 años de prisión". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  3. ^ Pañella, Ramón (1993). Crónicas para un redescubrimiento (in Spanish). Alba Editorial. ISBN 978-84-88730-54-1.
  4. ^ EFE (2015-09-22). "El excabecilla terrorista Peter Cárdenas Schulte es liberado tras 25 años en cárcel". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  5. ^ "El Sendero de Terror" (PDF). Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  6. ^ "Peter Cárdenas: "Finalmente ninguno de nosotros dio la talla"". Revista Ideele (in Spanish). 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  7. ^ a b c d "El Mea Culpa de Peter | CARETAS ILUSTRACION PERUANA". 2017-10-09. Archived from the original on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  8. ^ a b c Pásara, Luis (2017-08-14). La ilusión de un país distinto: Cambiar el Perú de una generación a otra (in Spanish). Fondo Editorial de la PUCP. ISBN 978-612-317-283-1.
  9. ^ Meza Bazan, Mario Miguel; Palacios Roso, Marco (2012). "El Movimiento Revolutionario Tupac Amaru (MRTA) y las fuentes de la revolucion en America Latina" (PDF). El Colegio de Mexico Centro de Estudios Historicos. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
  10. ^ Bazán, Víctor Raúl Nomberto (2015-09-23). "Fuga de terroristas y narcoindultos | Víctor R. Nomberto, Doctor en Ciencias Sociales" (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  11. ^ "MRTA EXTORSIONÓ A 200 EMPRESARIOS EN PERÚ". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 1992-04-21. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  12. ^ "Peter Cárdenas, ex cabecilla del MRTA: "Pienso hacer política"". El Comercio (in Spanish). 2016-11-10. ISSN 1605-3052. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  13. ^ a b "'El Sonámbulo' recordó las terribles acciones del MRTA | OPINION". Trome.com (in Spanish). 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  14. ^ a b Dartnell, Michael York (2006-01-01). Insurgency Online: Web Activism and Global Conflict. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8553-5.
  15. ^ Oiga (in Spanish). Empresa Editora Eusko-Andina. 1992.
  16. ^ "Peter Cárdenas admite haber ordenado rescate de Lucero Cumpa". Panamericana Televisión. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  17. ^ Gurmendi, Alonso (2019-12-05). Conflicto armado en el Perú: La época del terrorismo bajo el derecho internacional (in Spanish). Universidad del Pacífico. ISBN 978-9972-57-430-6.
  18. ^ Dartnell, Michael York (2006-01-01). Insurgency Online: Web Activism and Global Conflict. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8553-5.
  19. ^ República, La (2003-08-16). "Los secuestros del MRTA Prisión y muerte por dinero". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  20. ^ a b Centro de Documentación e Investigación LUM (2016-11-08). Declaraciones de Lideres Subversivos. Peter Cárdenas Schulte MRTA. Retrieved 2024-09-13 – via YouTube.
  21. ^ Machado, Lola Huete (2005-04-17). "¿Soy hijo de un terrorista?". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  22. ^ "Grimme-Preis | Alejandro". 2013-12-26. Archived from the original on 2013-12-26. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  23. ^ Milton, Cynthia E. (2018). Conflicted Memory: Military Cultural Interventions and the Human Rights Era in Peru. University of Wisconsin Pres. ISBN 978-0-299-31500-9.
  24. ^ Barbero Mariátegui, Felipe (2015-10-04). "La vida en la Base Naval: cómo son las condiciones carcelarias". El Comercio (in Spanish). ISSN 1605-3052. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  25. ^ "Liberan a terrorista Peter Cárdenas Schulte | POLITICA". Correo (in Spanish). 2015-09-22. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  26. ^ a b "Peter Cárdenas: Me gustaría apoyar una candidatura de izquierda". canaln.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  27. ^ "Excabecilla del MRTA podría hacer política desde el Frente Amplio". Panamericana Televisión. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  28. ^ "Excabecilla del MRTA no descarta incursionar en política". TVPerú (in Spanish). 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  29. ^ "Chacón: En el FA "serían apañadores de terroristas" si aceptan a Peter Cárdenas". Correo (in Spanish). 2016-11-11. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  30. ^ "Terrorista Peter Cárdenas apoya a Pedro Castillo desde Suecia y genera polémica en el país". Infórmate Perú (in Spanish). 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  31. ^ RedacciónRPP (2021-06-04). "Condenado por terrorismo Peter Cárdenas Schulte reveló que tiene la intención de "volver al Perú y hacer política"". rpp.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
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