Parua Bay
Parua Bay | |
|---|---|
 Parua Bay, showing the Pacific oyster aquaculture farm | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 35°46′12″S 174°27′33″E / 35.77000°S 174.45917°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Northland Region |
| District | Whangarei District |
| Ward | Whangarei Heads Ward |
| Electorates | |
| Government | |
| • Territorial Authority | Whangarei District Council |
| • Regional council | Northland Regional Council |
| Area | |
• Total | 1.87 km2 (0.72 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2024)[2] | |
• Total | 660 |
| • Density | 350/km2 (910/sq mi) |
Parua Bay is a locality and bay on the northern side of the Whangārei Harbour in Northland, New Zealand. Whangārei is 19 km to the west, and Whangārei Heads are 10 km to the south east, with Munro Bay between the two. The western head is called Manganese Point, and the eastern is Reserve Point. The Nook is a small bay just to the north of Reserve Point.[3][4]
The bay is sheltered and about 4 km wide, with about one kilometre between the headlands. The central bay has deep water, but there are wide intertidal zones around the coast. Motukiore Island is just inside Manganese Point and joined to it by a causeway at low tide, although the only practical access is by water. The contours of a defensive pā on the island are still clearly visible.[5]
Solomon's Point divides the bay into two. The point is named after the Māori chief Horomona-Kaikou.[5]
History
[edit]
Raro-ngaua was a pā on the eastern side of the Parua Bay entrance in the early 19th century. In 1821 or 1822, this pā was attacked by a group of Ngāti Paoa and Waikato warriors, as part of the Musket Wars.[6]
In 1838, Thomas Stewart Scott and two partners bought land on the western side of the bay and set up a shipbuilding yard. The Governor Fitzroy, a schooner of about 43 feet (13 m), was one of the ships built here. Manganese ore lay in lumps on the point to the south of the shipyard, then known as Te Waro but now called Manganese Point. The ore was sold in 1844.[7] In 1849, a hydrographic survey was made of Whangārei Harbour by Captain Lort Stokes in the paddle-steamer HMS Acheron. He named Parua Bay "Bad Maori Bay" and Manganese Point "Annoyance Point".[8]
By the mid-1850s, there were four European families living in a small settlement on the western side of the bay.[9] The Government purchased 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) at Parua Bay in 1858, and the land was subsequently settled by people mostly under the "Forty Acre Scheme" which gave a parcel of 40 acres (16 ha) to any settler older than 18 years, subject to a few conditions.[10]
An Irish surveyor called James Irwin Wilson settled in the Nook in 1858, and fell in love with Joanna Munro, the daughter of a Nova Scotian settler from Munro Bay. Her father, John Munro, was unhappy that Wilson had bought land that he wanted, and opposed their union. The pair tried to elope but were caught. A second elopement was successful and they married in Auckland. John Munro eventually accepted the marriage, and one of James' brothers later married Joanna's sister.[5][11]
Demographics
[edit]Statistics New Zealand describes Parua Bay as a rural settlement. The settlement covers 1.87 km2 (0.72 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 660 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 353 people per km2. The settlement is part of the larger Parua Bay statistical area.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 399 | — |
| 2013 | 477 | +2.58% |
| 2018 | 597 | +4.59% |
| Source: [12] | ||
Parua Bay settlement had a population of 597 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 120 people (25.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 198 people (49.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 207 households, comprising 306 males and 297 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female, with 162 people (27.1%) aged under 15 years, 48 (8.0%) aged 15 to 29, 285 (47.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 102 (17.1%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 91.5% European/Pākehā, 11.6% Māori, 1.0% Pacific peoples, 3.5% Asian, and 3.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 61.3% had no religion, 25.1% were Christian, 0.5% were Hindu, 1.0% were Buddhist and 3.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 159 (36.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 45 (10.3%) people had no formal qualifications. 93 people (21.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 204 (46.9%) people were employed full-time, 87 (20.0%) were part-time, and 15 (3.4%) were unemployed.[12]
Parua Bay statistical area
[edit]Parua Bay statistical area covers 39.16 km2 (15.12 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 2,670 as of June 2024,[13] with a population density of 68 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 1,926 | — |
| 2013 | 2,013 | +0.63% |
| 2018 | 2,460 | +4.09% |
| Source: [14] | ||
The statistical area had a population of 2,460 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 447 people (22.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 534 people (27.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 918 households, comprising 1,221 males and 1,239 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. The median age was 49.7 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 471 people (19.1%) aged under 15 years, 231 (9.4%) aged 15 to 29, 1,152 (46.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 606 (24.6%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 90.4% European/Pākehā, 15.1% Māori, 2.0% Pacific peoples, 2.6% Asian, and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 25.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 59.5% had no religion, 29.6% were Christian, 0.5% were Hindu, 0.7% were Buddhist and 2.3% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 510 (25.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 294 (14.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $35,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. 435 people (21.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 894 (44.9%) people were employed full-time, 300 (15.1%) were part-time, and 63 (3.2%) were unemployed.[14]
Education
[edit]Parua Bay School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 284 students as of August 2024.[15][16]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ Peter Dowling, ed. (2004). Reed New Zealand Atlas. Reed Books. pp. map 8. ISBN 0-7900-0952-8.
- ^ Roger Smith, GeographX (2005). The Geographic Atlas of New Zealand. Robbie Burton. pp. map 28. ISBN 1-877333-20-4.
- ^ a b c Parkes, W. F. (1992). Guide to Whangarei City and District. pp. 28–30. ISBN 0-473-01639-7.
- ^ Pickmere, Nancy Preece (1986). Whangarei: The Founding Years. p. 4.
- ^ Pickmere, pp 25-26
- ^ Pickmere, pp 119-120
- ^ Pickmere, p 50
- ^ Pickmere, pp 68-9, 78
- ^ Pickmere, p 78
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. 7000784–7000785 and 7000787–7000788.
- ^ "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Parua Bay (108500). 2018 Census place summary: Parua Bay
- ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Education Counts: Parua Bay School