List of governors of Tennessee
The governor of Tennessee is the head of government of the U.S. state of Tennessee.
Tennessee has had 50 governors, including the incumbent, Bill Lee.[1] Seven governors (John Sevier, William Carroll, Andrew Johnson, Robert Love Taylor, Gordon Browning, Frank G. Clement, and Buford Ellington) have served non-consecutive terms. This tally does not include William Blount (the territorial governor) or Robert L. Caruthers (who never took office), though the Blue Book includes them in its list of governors.[2] All governors are counted only once, regardless of number of terms served (e.g., John Sevier is considered the 1st governor, rather than the 1st and 3rd governor). The Blue Book does not include Edward H. East in its list of governors.
List of governors
[edit]Southwest Territory
[edit]The Territory South of the Ohio River, commonly known as the Southwest Territory, was organized on May 26, 1790.[3]
Throughout its 6-year history, Southwest Territory had only one governor appointed by the federal government, William Blount.
Governor | Term in office[a] | Appointed by | |
---|---|---|---|
William Blount (1749–1800) [4] |
June 8, 1790[b] – March 28, 1796 (statehood) |
George Washington |
State of Tennessee
[edit]Southwest Territory was admitted to the Union as Tennessee on June 1, 1796.[7]
The first constitution of Tennessee, enacted in 1796, set a term of two years for the governor and provided that no person could serve as governor for more than 6 years in any 8-year period.[8] The term of office was lengthened to four years, without the possibility of consecutive terms, by constitutional amendments adopted in 1953.[9] Under the current provisions of the state constitution, as amended in 1978, the governor is elected to a four-year term and may serve no more than two terms consecutively.[9][10]
No. | Governor | Term in office | Party | Election | Lt. Governor[c] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John Sevier (1745–1815) [11][12] |
March 30, 1796[13] – September 23, 1801 (term-limited)[d] |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
1796 | Office did not exist | |||
1797 | ||||||||
1799 | ||||||||
2 | Archibald Roane (d. 1819) [16][17] |
September 23, 1801[15] – September 23, 1803 (lost election) |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
1801 | ||||
1 | John Sevier (1745–1815) [11][12] |
September 23, 1803[15] – September 20, 1809 (term-limited)[d] |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
1803 | ||||
1805 | ||||||||
1807 | ||||||||
3 | Willie Blount (1768–1835) [18][19] |
September 20, 1809[20] – September 27, 1815 (term-limited)[d] |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
1809 | ||||
1811 | ||||||||
1813 | ||||||||
4 | Joseph McMinn (1758–1824) [21][22] |
September 27, 1815[15] – October 1, 1821 (term-limited)[d] |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
1815 | ||||
1817 | ||||||||
1819 | ||||||||
5 | William Carroll (1788–1844) [23][24] |
October 1, 1821[25] – October 1, 1827 (term-limited)[d] |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
1821 | ||||
1823 | ||||||||
1825 | ||||||||
6 | Sam Houston (1793–1863) [26] |
October 1, 1827[27] – April 16, 1829 (resigned)[e] |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
1827 | ||||
7 | William Hall (1775–1856) [28][29] |
April 16, 1829[30] – October 1, 1829 (did not run) |
Democratic- Republican[15] |
Succeeded from speaker of the Senate | ||||
5 | William Carroll (1788–1844) [23][24] |
October 1, 1829[31] – October 12, 1835 (term-limited)[d] |
Democratic[f] | 1829 | ||||
1831 | ||||||||
1833 | ||||||||
8 | Newton Cannon (1781–1841) [33][34] |
October 12, 1835[35] – October 14, 1839 (lost election) |
Whig[g] | 1835 | ||||
1837 | ||||||||
9 | James K. Polk (1795–1849) [38][39] |
October 14, 1839[40] – October 14, 1841 (lost election) |
Democratic[15] | 1839 | ||||
10 | James C. Jones (1809–1859) [41][42] |
October 14, 1841[43] – October 15, 1845 (did not run) |
Whig[15] | 1841 | ||||
1843 | ||||||||
11 | Aaron V. Brown (1795–1859) [44][45] |
October 15, 1845[46] – October 17, 1847 (lost election) |
Democratic[15] | 1845 | ||||
12 | Neill S. Brown (1810–1886) [47][48] |
October 17, 1847[49] – October 16, 1849 (lost election) |
Whig[15] | 1847 | ||||
13 | William Trousdale (1790–1872) [50][51] |
October 16, 1849[52] – October 16, 1851 (lost election) |
Democratic[15] | 1849 | ||||
14 | William B. Campbell (1807–1867) [53][54] |
October 16, 1851[55] – October 17, 1853 (did not run)[53] |
Whig[15] | 1851 | ||||
15 | Andrew Johnson (1808–1875) [56][57] |
October 17, 1853[58] – November 3, 1857 (did not run)[h] |
Democratic[15] | 1853 | ||||
1855 | ||||||||
16 | Isham G. Harris (1818–1897) [59][60] |
November 3, 1857[61] – March 12, 1862 (deposed)[i] |
Democratic[15] | 1857 | ||||
1859 | ||||||||
1861 | ||||||||
15 | Andrew Johnson (1808–1875) [56][57] |
March 12, 1862[j] – March 4, 1865 (resigned)[k] |
Military governor appointed by President | |||||
— | Edward H. East (1830–1904) [65] |
March 4, 1865[15] – April 5, 1865 (successor took office) |
— | Secretary of state acting | ||||
17 | Parson Brownlow (1805–1877) [66][67] |
April 5, 1865[68] – February 25, 1869 (resigned)[l] |
Republican[15] | 1865 | ||||
1867 | ||||||||
18 | Dewitt Clinton Senter (1830–1898) [69][70] |
February 25, 1869[71] – October 10, 1871 (did not run) |
Republican[15] | Succeeded from speaker of the Senate | ||||
1869 | ||||||||
19 | John C. Brown (1827–1889) [72][73] |
October 10, 1871[74] – January 18, 1875 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1870 | ||||
1872 | ||||||||
20 | James D. Porter (1828–1912) [75][76] |
January 18, 1875[77] – February 16, 1879 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1874 | ||||
1876 | ||||||||
21 | Albert S. Marks (1836–1891) [78][79] |
February 16, 1879[80] – January 17, 1881 (did not run)[78] |
Democratic[15] | 1878 | ||||
22 | Alvin Hawkins (1821–1905) [81][82] |
January 17, 1881[83] – January 15, 1883 (lost election) |
Republican[15] | 1880 | ||||
23 | William B. Bate (1826–1905) [84][85] |
January 15, 1883[86] – January 17, 1887 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1882 | ||||
1884 | ||||||||
24 | Robert Love Taylor (1850–1912) [87][88] |
January 17, 1887[89] – January 19, 1891 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1886 | ||||
1888 | ||||||||
25 | John P. Buchanan (1847–1930) [90][91] |
January 19, 1891[92] – January 16, 1893 (lost election) |
Democratic[15] | 1890 | ||||
26 | Peter Turney (1827–1903) [93][94] |
January 16, 1893[95] – January 21, 1897 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1892 | ||||
1894 | ||||||||
24 | Robert Love Taylor (1850–1912) [87][88] |
January 21, 1897[96] – January 16, 1899 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1896 | ||||
27 | Benton McMillin (1845–1933) [97][98] |
January 16, 1899[99] – January 20, 1903 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1898 | ||||
1900 | ||||||||
28 | James B. Frazier (1856–1937) [100][101] |
January 20, 1903[102] – March 27, 1905 (resigned)[m] |
Democratic[15] | 1902 | ||||
1904 | ||||||||
29 | John I. Cox (1855–1946) [103][104] |
March 27, 1905[105] – January 17, 1907 (lost nomination)[103] |
Democratic[15] | Succeeded from speaker of the Senate | ||||
30 | Malcolm R. Patterson (1861–1935) [106][107] |
January 17, 1907[108] – January 25, 1911 (withdrew)[n] |
Democratic[15] | 1906 | ||||
1908 | ||||||||
31 | Ben W. Hooper (1870–1957) [110][111] |
January 25, 1911[112] – January 15, 1915 (lost election) |
Republican[15] | 1910 | ||||
1912 | ||||||||
32 | Thomas Clarke Rye (1863–1953) [113][114] |
January 15, 1915[115] – January 15, 1919 (did not run)[113] |
Democratic[15] | 1914 | ||||
1916 | ||||||||
33 | Albert H. Roberts (1868–1946) [116][117] |
January 15, 1919[118] – January 15, 1921 (lost election) |
Democratic[15] | 1918 | ||||
34 | Alfred A. Taylor (1848–1931) [119][120] |
January 15, 1921[121] – January 16, 1923 (lost election) |
Republican[15] | 1920 | ||||
35 | Austin Peay (1876–1927) [122][123] |
January 16, 1923[124] – October 2, 1927 (died in office) |
Democratic[15] | 1922 | ||||
1924 | ||||||||
1926 | ||||||||
36 | Henry Hollis Horton (1866–1934) [125][126] |
October 2, 1927[127] – January 17, 1933 (did not run)[125] |
Democratic[15] | Succeeded from speaker of the Senate | ||||
1928 | ||||||||
1930 | ||||||||
37 | Hill McAlister (1875–1959) [128][129] |
January 17, 1933[130] – January 15, 1937 (did not run)[128] |
Democratic[15] | 1932 | ||||
1934 | ||||||||
38 | Gordon Browning (1889–1976) [131][132] |
January 15, 1937[133] – January 16, 1939 (lost nomination)[134] |
Democratic[15] | 1936 | ||||
39 | Prentice Cooper (1895–1969) [134][135] |
January 16, 1939[136] – January 16, 1945 (term-limited)[o] |
Democratic[15] | 1938 | ||||
1940 | ||||||||
1942 | ||||||||
40 | Jim Nance McCord (1879–1968) [138][139] |
January 16, 1945[140] – January 17, 1949 (lost nomination)[131] |
Democratic[15] | 1944 | ||||
1946 | ||||||||
38 | Gordon Browning (1889–1976) [131][132] |
January 17, 1949[141] – January 15, 1953 (term-limited)[o] |
Democratic[15] | 1948 | ||||
1950 | Walter M. Haynes | |||||||
41 | Frank G. Clement (1920–1969) [142][143] |
January 15, 1953[144] – January 19, 1959 (term-limited)[p] |
Democratic[15] | 1952 | Jared Maddux | |||
1954 | ||||||||
42 | Buford Ellington (1907–1972) [146][147] |
January 19, 1959[148] – January 15, 1963 (term-limited)[p] |
Democratic[15] | 1958 | William D. Baird | |||
41 | Frank G. Clement (1920–1969) [142][143] |
January 15, 1963[149] – January 16, 1967 (term-limited)[p] |
Democratic[15] | 1962 | James L. Bomar Jr. | |||
Jared Maddux | ||||||||
42 | Buford Ellington (1907–1972) [146][147] |
January 16, 1967[150] – January 16, 1971 (term-limited)[p] |
Democratic[15] | 1966 | Frank Gorrell | |||
43 | Winfield Dunn (1927–2024) [151][152] |
January 16, 1971[153] – January 18, 1975 (term-limited)[p] |
Republican[15] | 1970 | John Shelton Wilder[q] | |||
44 | Ray Blanton (1930–1996) [154][155] |
January 18, 1975[156] – January 17, 1979 (did not run) |
Democratic[15] | 1974 | ||||
45 | Lamar Alexander (b. 1940) [157] |
January 17, 1979[158] – January 17, 1987 (term-limited)[r] |
Republican[157] | 1978 | ||||
1982 | ||||||||
46 | Ned McWherter (1930–2011) [160] |
January 17, 1987[161] – January 21, 1995 (term-limited)[r] |
Democratic[160] | 1986 | ||||
1990 | ||||||||
47 | Don Sundquist (1936–2023) [162] |
January 21, 1995[163] – January 18, 2003 (term-limited)[r] |
Republican[162] | 1994 | ||||
1998 | ||||||||
48 | Phil Bredesen (b. 1943) [164] |
January 18, 2003[165] – January 15, 2011 (term-limited)[r] |
Democratic[164] | 2002 | ||||
2006 | Ron Ramsey[s] | |||||||
49 | Bill Haslam (b. 1958) [166] |
January 15, 2011[167] – January 19, 2019 (term-limited)[r] |
Republican[166] | 2010 | ||||
2014 | ||||||||
Randy McNally | ||||||||
50 | Bill Lee (b. 1959) [168] |
January 19, 2019[169] – Incumbent[t] |
Republican[168] | 2018 | ||||
2022 |
See also
[edit]- Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States § Tennessee
- List of Tennessee General Assemblies
Notes
[edit]- ^ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
- ^ Blount was nominated on June 7, 1790;[5] confirmed by the Senate on June 8;[5] and took the oath of office on September 20.[4] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on December 11, 1794.[6]
- ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
- ^ a b c d e f Under the 1796 constitution, governors were ineligible to serve more than six years in any term of eight.[14]
- ^ Houston resigned with no specific reasoning, but it was during the collapse of his marriage.[26]
- ^ Carroll is labeled a Jackson Democrat by Kallenbach,[15] and a Democratic-Republican by Glashan.[32]
- ^ Dubin[36] and Kallenbach[37] label Cannon's party affiliation in 1835 as Anti-Van Buren Democratic.
- ^ Johnson was instead elected to the United States Senate.[56]
- ^ Harris fled Nashville for Memphis after the Battle of Fort Donelson in February 1862, and was later driven from the state by Union forces as he worked with the Confederate army.[59] Johnson was appointed military governor of Tennessee on March 12, 1862, by the Union forces occupying Middle and East Tennessee.[56] Meanwhile, the Confederate-held portions of West Tennessee held an election in August 1863, in which Harris would have been term-limited, and elected Robert L. Caruthers governor. However, as the legislature was unable to convene, Caruthers was never able to take office.[15][62]
- ^ Johnson was appointed military governor on March 4;[63] he arrived in Nashville on March 12.[64]
- ^ Johnson resigned, having been elected Vice President of the United States.[56][15]
- ^ Brownlow resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[66]
- ^ Frazier resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[100]
- ^ Patterson received the Democratic nomination, but withdrew after a schism in the party.[109]
- ^ a b Under the 1870 constitution, governors were ineligible to serve more than six years in any term of eight.[137]
- ^ a b c d e Under a 1953 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[145]
- ^ Represented the Democratic Party
- ^ a b c d e Under a 1978 amendment to the constitution, governors are ineligible for election to more than two consecutive terms.[159]
- ^ Represented the Republican Party
- ^ Lee's second term began on January 21, 2023, and will expire January 16, 2027; he will be term-limited
References
[edit]- General
- "Former Tennessee Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. IV. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
- McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
- Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
- "Our Campaigns - Governor of Tennessee - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- "Our Campaigns - Governor of Tennessee (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- Specific
- ^ Office of the Governor
- ^ "Past Governors Archived July 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine," Tennessee Blue Book (2011–2012), pp. 547, 553.
- ^ 1 Stat. 123
- ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 287–289.
- ^ a b U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 1st Cong., 2nd sess., 50, accessed July 5, 2023.
- ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 3rd Cong., 1st sess., 165, accessed July 5, 2023.
- ^ 1 Stat. 491
- ^ Jonathan M. Atkins. "William Carroll" in Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture (online edition). Accessed January 27, 2012.
- ^ a b "Government", Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture
- ^ Government and politics in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Press. 2001. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ac0Qtk_c7uoC&pg=PA48 48.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1465–1466.
- ^ a b "John Sevier". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "Knoxville, April 1". The Pennsylvania Herald, and York General Advertiser. May 11, 1796. p. 3. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "1796 Tenn. Const. art. II, § 4" (PDF). Retrieved December 20, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc Kallenbach 1977, pp. 553–555.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1466.
- ^ "Archibald Roane". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1467.
- ^ "Willie Blount". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "Wednesday, Sept. 20". The Democratic Clarion. September 29, 1809. p. 2. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1468.
- ^ "Joseph McMinn". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1468–1469.
- ^ a b "William Carroll". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "State of Tennessee". The Hillsborough Recorder. October 24, 1821. p. 4. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1469–1470.
- ^ "Legislature of Tennessee". National Banner and Nashville Whig. October 6, 1827. p. 4. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1471.
- ^ "William Hall". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "none". National Banner and Nashville Whig. April 18, 1829. p. 3. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
Governor Houston having resigned the office of Governor of the state, the duties for the remainder of the term devolve upon Gen. Wm. Hall, Speaker of the Senate...
- ^ "Legislature of Tennessee". National Banner and Nashville Whig. October 3, 1829. p. 3. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ Glashan 1979, p. 294.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1471–1472.
- ^ "Newton Cannon". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 21st general assembly, 24, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ Dubin 2003, p. 247.
- ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 557.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1472–1473.
- ^ "James Knox Polk". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 23rd general assembly, 30, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1473–1474.
- ^ "James Chamberlain Jones". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 24th general assembly, 78, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1474–1475.
- ^ "Aaron Venable Brown". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 26th general assembly, 102, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1475–1476.
- ^ "Neill Smith Brown". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 27th general assembly, 77, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1476–1477.
- ^ "William Trousdale". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 28th general assembly, 104, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1477–1478.
- ^ "William Bowen Campbell". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 29th general assembly, 75, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ a b c d e Sobel 1978, pp. 1478–1480.
- ^ a b "Andrew Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 30th general assembly, 64, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1480–1481.
- ^ "Isham Green Harris". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 32nd general assembly, 100, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ "Robert Looney Caruthers". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ "A Provisional Military Government for Tennessee". The Memphis Daily Avalanche. March 14, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ "Gov. Johnson at Nashville". The Buffalo Commercial. March 21, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ "Edward Hazzard East". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1481–1482.
- ^ "William Gannaway Brownlow". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1865 general assembly, 19, accessed July 6, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1482–1483.
- ^ "DeWitt Clinton Senter". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 35th general assembly, 309, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1483–1484.
- ^ "John Calvin Brown". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 37th general assembly, 39, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1484–1485.
- ^ "James Davis Porter". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 39th general assembly, 120, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1486.
- ^ "Albert Smith Marks". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 41st general assembly, 132, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1486–1487.
- ^ "Alvin Hawkins". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 42nd general assembly, 162, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1487–1488.
- ^ "William Brimage Bate". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 43rd general assembly, 184, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1488–1489.
- ^ a b "Robert Love Taylor". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 45th general assembly, 185, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1490.
- ^ "John Price Buchanan". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 47th general assembly, 58, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1491–1492.
- ^ "Peter Turney". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 48th general assembly, 95, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 50th general assembly, 170, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1492–1493.
- ^ "Benton McMillin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 51st general assembly, 85, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1493–1494.
- ^ "James Beriah Frazier". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 53rd general assembly, 71, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1494–1495.
- ^ "John Isaac Cox". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "John I. Cox Takes Oath". Chattanooga Daily Times. March 28, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1495–1496.
- ^ "Malcolm Rice Patterson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 55th general assembly, 86, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ "No Longer a Candidate". The Leaf-Chronicle. September 12, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1496–1498.
- ^ "Ben Walter Hooper". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 57th general assembly, 118, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1498–1499.
- ^ "Thomas Clarke Rye". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 59th general assembly, 135, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1499.
- ^ "Albert Houston Roberts". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 61st general assembly, 91, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1500.
- ^ "Alfred Alexander Taylor". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ Tennessee General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 62nd general assembly, 139, accessed July 7, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1501.
- ^ "Austin Peay III". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "Peay Becomes Governor Before Vast Audience". The Leaf-Chronicle. January 16, 1923. p. 1. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1502.
- ^ "Henry Hollis Horton". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
- ^ "Governor Peay Dies Peacefully". The Tennessean. October 3, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1503.
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