List of African American newspapers in New York
Appearance
![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Freedom%27s_Journal_First_Issue.pdf/page1-220px-Freedom%27s_Journal_First_Issue.pdf.jpg)
This is a list of African American newspapers that have been published in the state of New York. It includes both current and historical newspapers. New York was the birthplace of the African American press, with the publication of Freedom's Journal in 1827, and has remained a vibrant center of publishing ever since.
Newspapers
[edit]Upstate
[edit]![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/North_Star_Newspaper_February_22%2C_1856.jpeg/220px-North_Star_Newspaper_February_22%2C_1856.jpeg)
For the purpose of this list, Upstate New York is the entirety of New York State outside of New York City and Long Island.
City | Title | Beginning | End | Frequency | Call numbers | Remarks
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albany | Albany Capitol | 1890s[1] | ?[1] | Monthly newspaper[1] |
|
|
Albany | The Community Chronicle The Community News (1993)[3] |
1993[2] | 1990s[2] | Monthly newspaper[2] | ||
Albany / Buffalo | The Fortnightly Spectator | 1899[4] | 1900s[4] | Biweekly[4] |
|
|
Albany | The Albany Liberator | 1960s[5] | 1900s[5] | Biweekly[5] |
|
|
Albany | The New York Sojourner-Herald The Sojourn-Herald (1993–1994)[6] |
1993[6] | ? | Monthly newspaper[7] |
|
|
Albany | The Northern Star and Freeman's Advocate | 1842[8] | 1843[8] | Weekly[8] or monthly[9] | ||
Albany | The Scene South End Scene[11] |
1977[11] | 1990s[10] | Monthly newspaper[10] |
|
|
Albany | Urban Voices | 2000[12] | ? | Monthly newspaper[12] |
|
|
Albany | Whazup! | 1994[13] | 1990s[13] | Monthly newspaper[13] |
|
|
Buffalo | The Buffalo American | 1920[14] | ? | Weekly[14] | ||
Buffalo | Black News | 1970[15] | ?[15] | Unknown[15] | ||
Buffalo | The Buffalo Broadcaster | 1937?[16] | ?[16] | Weekly[16] | ||
Buffalo | The Buffalo Criterion / The Metropolitan Buffalo Criterion (1973–1978)[17] |
1925[18] | current | Weekly[18] |
|
|
Buffalo |
|
1948[20] | ?[19] | Weekly[19] |
|
|
Buffalo | Empire State Bulletin | 1966[22] | 1900s[22] | Weekly[22] | ||
Buffalo | Fine Print | 1972?[23] | ?[23] | Weekly[23] |
|
|
Buffalo | The Buffalo Guardian | 1946[24] | 1900s[24] | Weekly[24] |
|
|
Buffalo | The Buffalo Newscaster | 1963[25] | 1900s[25] | Weekly[25] |
|
|
Buffalo | Buffalo Spokesman | 1928?[26] | ?[26] | Weekly[26] | ||
Buffalo | Buffalo Weekly Challenger | 1977[27] | 1979[27] | Weekly[27] | ||
Buffalo | Challenger Community News / Challenger / Buffalo, New York Challenger News Weekly[28] / Buffalo Challenger (1979–1981)[29] Challenger News Weekly |
1962[30] | current | Weekly[30] | ||
Hastings on Hudson | The Westchester County Press | 1928[31] | current | Weekly[31] | ||
Ithaca | The Monitor | 1923[35] | 1900s[35] | Monthly newspaper[35] |
|
|
Ithaca | The Wheat Street Independent | 1990[36] | ? | Monthly newspaper[36] |
|
|
Mount Vernon | The Westchester Observer | 1947?[37] | 1971?[37] | Weekly[37] |
|
|
Newburgh | The Hudson Valley Black Press | 1983[38] or 1984[39] | current | Weekly[39] | ||
Poughkeepsie | Mid-Hudson Herald | 1968[40] | 1900s[40] | Biweekly[40] | ||
Rochester | Rochester Challenger | 1962[41] | 1971?[41] | Weekly[41] | ||
Rochester | The Communicade | 1972[43] or 1973?[42] | ?[42] | Biweekly[42] | ||
Rochester | Douglass' Monthly | 1858[44] | 1863[44] | Monthly newspaper[44] |
|
|
Rochester | Frederick Douglass Voice | 1967[45] | 1970s[45] | Biweekly[45] | ||
Rochester | Frederick Douglass Voice | 1934?[46] | ?[46] | Weekly[46] |
|
|
Rochester | Frederick Douglass' Paper | 1851[47] | 1860[47] | Weekly[47] |
|
|
Rochester | The North Star | 1847[48] | 1851[48] | Weekly[48] |
|
|
Rochester | Star | Weekly[49] |
|
|||
Rochester | 1933[51] | 1967[50] | Biweekly[51] |
|
||
Schenectady | The Communicator | 1993[52] | ? | Monthly newspaper[52] |
|
|
Syracuse | The Syracuse Banner | 1980[53] | ? | Irregular[53] |
|
|
Syracuse | CNY Syracuse Gazette | 1980[54] | 1980[54] | Weekly[54] | ||
Syracuse | Syracuse Challenger | 1970[55] | 1900s[55] | Weekly[55] | ||
Syracuse | The Syracuse Constitution | 1989[56] | ? | Irregular[56] |
|
|
Syracuse | The Syracuse Crusader | 1988[57] | ? | Monthly newspaper[57] | ||
Syracuse | Syracuse Gazette News Weekly | 1973[58] | 1976[58] | Irregular[58] | ||
Syracuse | Syracuse Gazette | 1900s[59] | 1973[59] | Irregular[59] | ||
Syracuse | The Syracuse Gazette | 1976[60] | 1980[60] | Weekly[60] | ||
Syracuse | Home Town News | 1960s[61] | 1960s[61] | Weekly[61] |
|
|
Syracuse | The Impartial Citizen | 1980[62] | ? | Weekly | ||
Syracuse | Progressive Herald | 1932[64] | 1957[64] | Weekly[64] | ||
Utica | The Utica Sentinel / The Black Sentinel (1983)[66] | 1983[65] | 1900s[65] | Monthly newspaper[65] |
|
|
Utica | The Western Echo | 1870s[67] | ?[67] |
|
||
White Plains | The Westchester County Press | 1928[68] | 2010s | Weekly[68] |
Long Island
[edit]City | Title | Beginning | End | Frequency | Call numbers | Remarks
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freeport | Community Journal | 1993[69] | ? | Biweekly[69] | ||
Great Neck | New York Trend | 1991[70] | Bimonthly newspaper[70] | |||
Hempstead | Hempstead Beacon (1963–) The Beacon (1956–1963) |
1956[71] | Weekly[72] |
|
|
|
Hempstead | Community Reporter | 1990s[73] | ? | Monthly newspaper[73] | ||
Hempstead | Economic Forum | 1973?[74] | ? | Biweekly[74] | ||
Hempstead | Hempstead Village Times | 1996[75] | ? | Unknown[75] | ||
Huntington | Black Starliner | 1988[76] | 1900s[76] | Monthly newspaper[76] | ||
Long Island | Long Island Call | 1952[77] | ?[77] | Weekly[77] | ||
Roosevelt | Community Journal | 1993[78] | ? | Twice monthly[78] or weekly[79] |
|
|
West Hempstead | Long Island Rapper | 1973[80] | ?[80] | Weekly[80] | ||
Westbury | Long Island Free Press | 1970[81] | 1970s[81] | Monthly newspaper[81] | ||
Wyandanch | Point Of View | 1900s[82] | Biweekly[82] |
|
New York City
[edit]![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/220px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png)
![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/NegroWorld-July31-1920.jpg/220px-NegroWorld-July31-1920.jpg)
Newspapers are listed by borough where available.
City | Title | Beginning | End | Frequency | Call numbers | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bronx | Caribbean Daylight | 1992[83] | Weekly[83] | |||
Bronx | The Bronx Independent | 1956[84] | ?[84] | Monthly except July and August[84] | ||
Bronx | The Listener-News: Thought And Opinion / The Listener: Thought And Opinion (1938–1939)[86] | 1938[86] | 1900s[85] | Weekly[87] | ||
Brooklyn | New York Echo | 1974[88] | 1900s[88] | Weekly[88] |
|
|
Brooklyn | The Brooklyn Advocate | 1993[89] | Monthly newspaper[89] | |||
Brooklyn | Afro Times / Afro-American Times (1987)[90] | 1987[91] | Weekly[91] | |||
Brooklyn | Big Apple After Five | 1975[92] | 1994?[92] | Weekly[92] | ||
Brooklyn | Black Community | 1968[93] | ?[93] | Twice monthly newspaper[93] | ||
Brooklyn | The City Sun | 1984[94] | 1996[94] | Weekly[94] |
|
|
Brooklyn | Daily Challenge New York Daily Challenge |
1972[95] | ? | Daily (except Saturday, Sunday and legal holidays)[95] | ||
Brooklyn | Fort Greene News | 1991?[99] | Twice a month[99] |
|
||
Brooklyn | Haiti Diaspo | 1987?[100] | ?[100] | Monthly[100] | ||
Brooklyn | Haïti Progrès | 1983[101] | current | Weekly[101] |
|
|
Brooklyn | The Network Journal | 1991?[102] | Monthly[102] |
|
||
Brooklyn | The New York Beacon Big Red News (1976–1993)[103] |
1976[103] | current | Weekly[104] |
|
|
Brooklyn | New York Recorder | 1953[105] | 1987[105] | Weekly[105] |
|
|
Brooklyn | Our Time Press | 1996[106] | current | Monthly[106] | ||
Brooklyn | Brooklyn Trend | 1987[107] | ?[107] | Monthly[107] | ||
Brooklyn | The Brooklyn Voice | 1939[108] | ?[108] | Weekly[108] | ||
Manhattan | Carib News / The New York Carib News: the Weekly Voice of the Caribbean-American Community |
1983[109] | current | Weekly[109] |
|
|
Manhattan | Freedom | 1950[110] | 1955[110] | Monthly[110] |
|
|
Manhattan | Freedom's Journal | 1827[112] | 1829[112] | Weekly[112] | ||
Manhattan | The Harlem Advocate | 1996[113] | Monthly[113] | |||
Manhattan | The Harlem Bulletin | 1937?[114] | ?[114] | Weekly[114] |
|
|
Manhattan | Harlem Chronicle | 1938[115] | ?[115] | Twice monthly[115] | ||
Manhattan | The Harlem Daily | 1965[116] | ?[116] | Daily, Monday through Friday[117] |
|
|
Manhattan | Harlem Democrat | 1949[118] | ?[118] | Unknown[118] |
|
|
Manhattan | Harlem Evening Star | 1928?[119] | ?[119] | Three times a week[119] |
|
|
Manhattan | Harlem Heights Daily Citizen | 1933[120] | 1934[120] | Daily (except Sunday)[120] | ||
Manhattan | Harlem Home Journal | 1928?[121] | ?[121] | Weekly[121] | ||
Manhattan | Harlem News | 1967[122] | 1971[122] | Monthly[122] | ||
Manhattan | The Harlem Overheard | 1996[123] | ? | Quarterly newspaper[123] | ||
Manhattan | Harlem Reporter | 1930[124] | ?[124] | Weekly[124] |
|
|
Manhattan | Harlem Resident Community News / Harlem Community News | 1996[125] | current | Biweekly[125] |
|
|
Manhattan | Harlem Weekly | 1980?[126] | ?[126] | Weekly[126] | ||
Manhattan | Harlem Youth Speaks | 1970s[127] | ?[127] | |||
Manhattan | Manhattan Tribune | 1968[128] | 1973?[128] | Weekly[128] | ||
Manhattan | The Negro Liberator / Harlem Liberator (1933–1934)[129] | 1933[129] | 1935[129] | Weekly[129] or twice monthly[130] | ||
Manhattan | The New American / Black American | 1972[131] | ? | Weekly[131] |
|
|
Manhattan | The New York News and Harlem Home Journal | 1914?[132] | ?[132] | Weekly[132] | ||
Manhattan | Uptown: The Voice of Central Harlem | 1979[133] | ?[133] | 10 times per year[133] or monthly[134] |
|
|
New York | Mr. Muhammad Speaks | 1960[135] | 1961[135] | Monthly newspaper[135] | ||
New York | People's Community News | 1970[136] | 1900s[136] | Weekly[136] | ||
The Pine And Palm | 1861[137] | 1861[137] | Weekly[137] | |||
New York | Africa and World News | 1977[138] | 1978?[138] | Weekly[138] | ||
New York | African News & Views | 1959[139] | ?[139] | Irregular[139] | ||
Manhattan | The African Sun Times | 1996[140] | ? | Twice monthly[140] |
|
|
New York | The New York Age / New York Age Defender (1953–1957)[142] | 1887[143] | 1960[141] | Weekly[143] | ||
New York | Alternatives | 1973[144] | ? | Irregular[144] | ||
New York | The American Recorder | 1928[145] | ?[145] | Weekly[145] | ||
New York | The American West Indian News | 1928[146] | ?[146] | Weekly[146] | ||
New York | New York Amsterdam News / Amsterdam News | 1909[147] | 1941[147] | Weekly[147] |
|
|
New York | New York Amsterdam News | 1943[148] | current | Weekly[148] | ||
New York | New York Amsterdam Star-News | 1941[149] | 1943[149] | Weekly[149] |
|
|
New York | The Anglo-African | 1860s[150] | 1865[150] | Weekly[150] | ||
New York | The Business Journal | 1922?[151] | ?[151] | Twice a month[151] | ||
New York | The Business World | 1921[152] | ?[152] | Weekly[152] | ||
New York | Calvin's Newspaper Service | 1935[153] | ?[153] | Weekly[153] |
|
|
New York | Caribbean Echo | 1969[154] | 1970[154] | Weekly[154] |
|
|
New York | Champion | 1943[155] | ?[155] | Monthly[155] |
|
|
New York | New York Citizen-Call | 1960[156] | 1961[156] | Weekly[156] | ||
New York | The City Sun | 1984[157] | 1996[157] | Weekly[157] |
|
|
New York | The Colored American | 1837[158] | 1842[158] | Weekly[158] | ||
New York | Connection: All African Community Newsweekly | 1987[159] | ?[159] | Weekly[159] |
|
|
New York | New York Courier | 1961[160] | 1971[160] | Weekly[160] | ||
New York | The Crusader | 1853[161] | 1854[161] | Weekly[161] | ||
New York | Daily Journal | 2001[162] | ? | Daily (except Saturday and Sunday)[162] | ||
New York | The Daily Star | 1921[163] | ?[163] | Daily[163] |
|
|
New York | The Dunbar News | 1929[164] | ?[164] | Biweekly[164] |
|
|
New York | El Mulato | 1854[165] | ?[165] | Weekly[166] or biweekly[165] |
|
|
New York | Ethiopian World | 1934[167] | ?[167] | Weekly[167] | ||
New York | New York Evening Express | 1955[168] | ?[168] | Daily[168] |
|
|
New York | New York Freeman | 1884[169] | 1887[169] | Weekly[169] |
|
|
New York | The New York Globe | 1880[170] | 1884[170] | Weekly[170] | ||
New York | The Home Journal News | 1933[171] | 1900s[171] | Weekly[171] |
|
|
New York | The Hotel Tattler | 1922[172] | 1924[172] | Weekly[172] | ||
New York | In-formation: Black Revolutionary Newspaper | 1965?[173] | ?[173] | Unknown[173] | ||
New York | The Inter-State Tattler | 1925[174] | ?[174] | Weekly[174] | ||
New York | Kontact | 1932[175] | 1900s[175] | Irregular[175] |
|
|
New York | Liberator | 1996[176] | Weekly[176] |
|
||
New York | The Liberator | 1929[177] | 1932[177] | Weekly[177] | ||
New York | The Light: A Journal of Opinion, Information, Inspiration, Education | 1927[178] | ?[178] | Twice monthly[178] |
|
|
New York | Lincoln News | 1929[179] | ?[179] | Weekly[179] | ||
New York | Metro Exchange | 1988?[180] | ? | Monthly[180] |
|
|
New York | National Negro News | 1938?[181] | ?[181] | Unknown[181] |
|
|
New York | National New York Amsterdam News | 1949[182] | 1900s[182] | Weekly[182] |
|
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New York | National News | 1932[183] | 1932[183] | Weekly[183] |
|
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New York | The Negro Champion | 1928[185] | 1929[185] | Weekly[185] |
|
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New York | The Negro Times / Daily Negro Times | 1920s[186] | ?[186] | Daily[186] |
|
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New York | The Negro World | 1917[187] | 1933[187] | Biweekly[187] |
|
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New York | The New African Observer | 1981[189] | ?[189] | Quarterly newspaper[189] |
|
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New York | New York Dispatch | 1920?[190] | ?[190] | Weekly[190] |
|
|
New York | The Paper | 1970[191] | ? | Monthly newspaper[191] | ||
New York | The People's Voice | 1942[192] | 1948[192] | Weekly[192] | ||
New York | Pictorial News | 1921[193] | ?[193] | Weekly[193] |
|
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New York | The Progressive American | 1871[194] | 1880s[194] | Weekly[194] |
|
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New York | The Ram's Horn | 1847[195] | 1848[195] | Weekly[195] | ||
New York | The Reporter | 1935[196] | 1937?[196] | Weekly[196] |
|
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New York | The Rights of All | 1829[198] | 1830[198] | Monthly[198] | ||
New York | Rumor | 1880[199] | 1880[199] | Weekly[199] |
|
|
New York | New York Star & Amsterdam News | 1941[200] | 1941[200] | Weekly[200] |
|
|
New York | New York State Contender | 1930?[201] | ?[201] | Weekly[201] | ||
New York | The Suffragist | 1880[202] | ?[202] | Weekly[202] |
|
|
New York | The Tattler | 1924[203] | 1920s[203] | Weekly[203] | ||
New York | The Union | 1876[204] | 1890s[204] | Weekly[204] |
|
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New York | The Unique Advertiser | 1904?[205] | ?[205] | Weekly[205] |
|
|
New York | Weekly Advocate | 1837[206] | 1837[206] | Weekly[206] | ||
New York | The Weekly Anglo-African | 1859[208] | 1862[207] | Weekly[208] | ||
New York | The West Indian Times and American Review | 1928[210] | ?[210] | Weekly[210] |
|
|
New York | Woman's Echo | 1948?[211] | ?[211] | Monthly[211] |
|
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New York | World Echo / World Peace Echo | 1934[212] | 1934[212] | Weekly[212] | ||
New York | World Health | 1936[213] | 1937[213] | Weekly[213] |
|
|
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | Beton Arme | 1994[214] | ?[214] | Biweekly[214] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | Brooklyn Informer | 1920[215] | ?[215] | Weekly[215] |
|
|
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | The Jamaican Gleaner | 1940[216] | ?[216] | Biweekly[216] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | Long Island Review | 1937[217] | ?[217] | Twice monthly[217] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | Long Island Star | 1953[218] | ?[218] | Weekly[218] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | New Voice Of New York, Inc | 1999[219] | ? | Weekly[219] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | The New York Page | 1984[220] | ? | Irregular[220] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | The New York Voice | 1971[221] | ?[221] | Weekly[221] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | The Queens Voice | 1959[222] | 1970[222] | Weekly[222] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | The Voice | 1970[223] | 1971[223] | Weekly[223] | ||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | The Weekly Gleaner | 1976?[224] | Weekly[224] | |||
Queens, New York (Jamaica) | Weekly Star | 1995?[225] | ?[225] | Weekly[225] |
|
|
Queens (Corona) | Enspire | 1996[226] | Monthly[226] | |||
Queens (Fresh Meadows / Jamaica (1968–1981) / Flushing) [228] | New York Voice, Inc. Harlem USA | 1958[228] | 1990s[227] | Weekly[228] or biweekly [227] | ||
Staten Island | The Black Agenda | 1900s[229] | ? | Monthly newspaper[229] |
|
|
Staten Island | The Staten Island Black Press | 1979[230] | ?[230] | Unknown[230] | ||
Staten Island | The Black Reign Community Newspaper | 1996[231] | ? | Biweekly[231] |
See also
[edit]- List of African American newspapers and media outlets
- List of African American newspapers in Connecticut
- List of African American newspapers in Massachusetts
- List of African American newspapers in New Jersey
- List of African American newspapers in Pennsylvania
- List of newspapers in New York
Works cited
[edit]- Danky, James Philip; Hady, Maureen E., eds. (1998). African-American newspapers and periodicals : a national bibliography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674007888.
- Ford, Angela; McFall, Kevin; Dabney, Bob (February 2019). "African American Media Today: Building The Future From The Past" (PDF). Democracy Fund.
- Smith, Jessie Carney (2012). Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 9781578593699.
- Smith, Jessie Carney; Horton, Carrell Peterson, eds. (1995). Historical Statistics of Black America: Media to Vital Statistics. Gale Research. ISBN 0810393921.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "About Albany capitol. (Albany, N.Y.) 189?-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d e "About The community chronicle. [volume] (Albany, N.Y.) 1993-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About The community news. (Albany, N.Y.) 1993-1993". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About The Fortnightly spectator. (Albany and Buffalo, N.Y.) 1899-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About The Albany liberator. [microfilm reel] (Albany, N.Y.) 196?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The Sojourn-herald. [volume] (Albany, N.Y.) 1993-1994". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The New York sojourner-herald. [online resource] (Albany, N.Y.) 1994-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 431, ¶ 4486.
- ^ "About The northern star and freemen's advocate. [online resource] (Albany [N.Y.]) 1842-18??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The scene. ([Albany, N.Y.]) 1985-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About South End scene. [volume] (Albany, N.Y.) 1977-1985". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About Urban voices. (Albany, NY) 2000-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About Whazup!. (Albany, NY) 1994-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 120, ¶ 1244.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 92, ¶ 940.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 120, ¶ 1246.
- ^ "About The Metropolitan Buffalo criterion. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1973-1978". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 120, ¶ 1248.
- ^ a b "About The Empire star weekly. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1953-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The Empire star. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1948-1953". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
About The Empire star. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1948-1953
- ^ Smith & Horton 1995, p. 1206.
- ^ a b c "About Empire state bulletin. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1966-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 224, ¶ 2341.
- ^ a b c d "About The Buffalo guardian. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1946-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About The Buffalo newscaster. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1963-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 121, ¶ 1250.
- ^ a b c "About Buffalo weekly challenger. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1977-1979". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About Buffalo, New York challenger news weekly. [volume] (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1962-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About Buffalo challenger. (Buffalo, N.Y.) 1979-1981". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 143, ¶ 1484.
- ^ a b "About The Westchester County press. [volume] (Hastings on Hudson, N.Y.) 1928-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About The Westchester County press. [microfilm reel] (Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.) 19??-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ AJ Woodson (2018-07-30). "PBP Radio Ep177 – Blacks In Media". Black Westchester Magazine. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
Our guests this week are Justin Walters – Fios1 News Sportcaster and Sandra Blackwell – Editor & Publisher of Westchester County Press.
- ^ a b c Ford 2019, p. 14.
- ^ a b c d "About The monitor. (Ithaca, N.Y.) 1923-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The Wheat Street independent. ([Ithaca, N.Y.) 1990-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 610, ¶ 6378.
- ^ "About Us - Hudson Valley Press Newspaper". Retrieved 2020-01-26.
Initially named The Hudson Valley Black Press, the newspaper was first published in Newburgh, New York on November 24, 1983.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 285, ¶ 2999.
- ^ a b c "About Mid-Hudson herald. (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.) 1968-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 495, ¶ 5167.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 167, ¶ 1736.
- ^ "About Communicade. [volume] (Rochester, N.Y.) 1972-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About Douglass' monthly. [volume] (Rochester, N.Y.) 1858-1863". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About Frederick Douglass voice. (Rochester, N.Y.) 1967-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 236, ¶ 2476.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 236, ¶ 2475.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 430, ¶ 4478.
- ^ a b c d Smith & Horton 1995, p. 1207.
- ^ a b c "About Rochester voice. (Rochester, N.Y.) 194?-1967 « Chronicling America « Library of Congress". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ a b "About The Voice. (Rochester, N.Y.) 1933-194?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The communicator. [volume] (Schenectady, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About CNY Syracuse gazette. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1980-1980". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About Syracuse challenger. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1970-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The Syracuse constitution. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1989-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The Syracuse crusader. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1988-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About Syracuse gazette news weekly. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1973-1976". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About Syracuse gazette. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 19??-1973". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The Syracuse gazette. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1976-1980". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About Home town news. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 196?-196?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The impartial citizen. [volume] (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1980-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 292, ¶ 3072.
- ^ a b c d "About Progressive herald. (Syracuse, N.Y.) 1932-1957". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About The Utica sentinel. (Utica, N.Y.) 1983-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About The Black sentinel. (Utica, N.Y.) 1983-1983". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The western echo. (Utica, N.Y.) 187?-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 610, ¶ 6377.
- ^ a b "About Community journal. (Freeport, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About New York trend. [volume] (Great Neck, N.Y.) 1991-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About Beacon. (Hempstead, N.Y.) 1956-1963". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 273, ¶ 2866.
- ^ a b "About Community reporter. (Hempstead, N.Y.) 199?-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 206, ¶ 2151.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 273, ¶ 2867.
- ^ a b c "About Black starliner. ([Huntington, N.Y.]) 1988-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 345, ¶ 3616.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 169, ¶ 1758.
- ^ a b "About The community journal. (Roosevelt, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About Long Island rapper. [volume] (West Hempstead, N.Y.) 1973-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About Long Island free press. (Westbury, N.Y.) 1970-197?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About Point of view. [volume] (Wyandanch, N.Y.) 19??-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 136, ¶ 1407.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 116, ¶ 1202.
- ^ "About The Listener-news: thought and opinion. [online resource] (Bronx, N.Y.) 1939-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The Listener : thought and opinion. [online resource] (Bronx, N.Y.) 1938-1939". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About The Listener-news: thought and opinion. [online resource] (Bronx, N.Y.) 1939-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About New York echo. ([Brooklyn, N.Y.]) 1974-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 117, ¶ 1215.
- ^ "About Afro-American times. (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1987-1987". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 22, ¶ 224.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 69, ¶ 718.
- ^ a b c "About Black community. (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1968-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 155, ¶ 1609.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 183, ¶ 1908.
- ^ a b Randy Dotinga (May 12, 2000). "Largest newspapers are now all online". Editor & Publisher Magazine. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
137. The Daily Challenge (New York, N.Y.) 79,540
- ^ Tom Scocca (2004-11-01). "Off the Record". Observer. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
The Daily Challenge, he said, is officially Democratic, just like the Board of Elections requires.
- ^ "About Daily challenge. (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1972-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 233, ¶ 2446.
- ^ a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 260, ¶ 2733.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 261, ¶ 2744.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 405, ¶ 4218.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 70, ¶ 723.
- ^ "About The New York beacon. [online resource] (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1993-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 417, ¶ 4330.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 448, ¶ 4670.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 118, ¶ 1218.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 118, ¶ 1219.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4320.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 239, ¶ 2503.
- ^ Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 2503.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 240, ¶ 2517.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2797.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2798.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2800.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2802.
- ^ "About The Harlem daily. [online resource] (New York, N.Y.) 1965-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 267, ¶ 2803.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2805.
- ^ a b c "About Harlem Heights daily citizen. (New York [N.Y.]) 1933-1934". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2807.
- ^ a b c "About Harlem news. (New York) 1967-1971". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2810.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 268, ¶ 2814.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 269, ¶ 2815.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 269, ¶ 2823.
- ^ a b "About Harlem youth speaks. [microfilm reel] ([New York, N.Y.]) 197?-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 352, ¶ 3686.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 401, ¶ 4176.
- ^ "About Negro liberator. (New York, N.Y.) 1934-1935". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 406, ¶ 4231.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4328.
- ^ a b c d "About Uptown. [microfilm reel] (New York, N.Y.) 1979-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ Danky & Hady 1998, p. 581, ¶ 6080.
- ^ a b c "About Mr. Muhammad speaks. ([New York, N.Y.) 1960-1961". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About People's community news. [online resource] ([Harlem) 1970-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d e "About The Pine and palm. [online resource] (Boston and New York) 1861-1861". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 11, ¶ 106.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 16, ¶ 160.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 17, ¶ 173.
- ^ "About New York age. [microfilm reel] (New York, N.Y.) 1957-1960". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ "About New York age defender. [microfilm reel] (New York, N.Y.) 1953-1957". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 414, ¶ 4313.
- ^ a b "About Alternatives. (New York, N.Y.) 1973-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 42, ¶ 424.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 43, ¶ 432.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 415, ¶ 4314.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 415, ¶ 4315.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 415, ¶ 4316.
- ^ a b c "About The Anglo-African. (New York) 186?-1865". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 126, ¶ 1304.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 126, ¶ 1306.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 130, ¶ 1353.
- ^ a b c d "About Caribbean echo. (New York [N.Y.]) 1969-1970". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 143, ¶ 1488.
- ^ a b c "About New York citizen-call. (New York, N.Y.) 1960-1961". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About The City sun. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1984-1996". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 161, ¶ 1675.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 172, ¶ 1790.
- ^ a b c "About New York courier. (New York, N.Y.) 1961-1971". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The crusader. (New-York [N.Y.]) 1853-1854". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About Daily journal. (New York, NY) 2001-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 184, ¶ 1914.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 201, ¶ 2096.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 208, ¶ 2172.
- ^ "About El mulato. [online resource] (New York, N.Y.) 1854-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 215, ¶ 2249.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4322.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4323.
- ^ a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4324.
- ^ a b c d "About The Home journal news. (New York [N.Y.]) 1933-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The hotel tattler. [microfilm reel] (New York [N.Y.]) 1922-1924". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 296, ¶ 3119.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 305, ¶ 3209.
- ^ a b c d "About Kontact. (New York, N.Y.) 1932-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 337, ¶ 3530.
- ^ a b c "About The liberator. (New York, N.Y.) 1929-1932". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 339, ¶ 3558.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 341, ¶ 3578.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 360, ¶ 3769.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 392, ¶ 4083.
- ^ a b c d "About National New York Amsterdam news. [volume] (New York) 1949-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About National news. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1932-1932". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ Danky & Hady 1998, p. 393, ¶ 4091.
- ^ a b c d "About The Negro champion. [volume] (New York) 1928-1929". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About The Negro times. (New York [N.Y.]) 192?-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 403, ¶ 4203.
- ^ "About The Negro world. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1917-1933". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 405, ¶ 4225.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 416, ¶ 4321.
- ^ a b "About The Paper. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1970-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 460, ¶ 4799.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 463, ¶ 4830.
- ^ a b c d "About The progressive American. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1871-188?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 483, ¶ 5040.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 489, ¶ 5104.
- ^ "About The Reporter. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1935-193?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 494, ¶ 5157.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 497, ¶ 5189.
- ^ a b c d "About New York star & Amsterdam news. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1941-1941". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 417, ¶ 4333.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 547, ¶ 5712.
- ^ a b c "About The tattler. [microfilm reel] (New York [N.Y.]) 1924-192?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d "About The union. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1876-189?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 578, ¶ 6035.
- ^ a b c "About Weekly advocate. [online resource] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1837-1837". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The weekly Anglo-African. [online resource] (New York) 1861-1862". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The weekly Anglo-African. [online resource] (New York [N.Y.]) 1859-1861". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ Danky & Hady 1998, p. 605, ¶ 6328.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 609, ¶ 6363.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 618, ¶ 6461.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 621, ¶ 6492.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 621, ¶ 6493.
- ^ a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 68, ¶ 703.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 118, ¶ 1217.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 310, ¶ 3262.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 345, ¶ 3618.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 345, ¶ 3619.
- ^ a b "About New voice of New York, inc. (Jamaica, NY) 1999-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b "About The New York page. (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1984-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The New York voice. [microfilm reel] (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1971-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The Queens voice. [volume] (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1959-1970". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c "About The voice. [volume] (Jamaica, N.Y.) 1970-1971". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 606, ¶ 6340.
- ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 608, ¶ 6356.
- ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 212, ¶ 2212.
- ^ a b "About New York voice, inc. Harlem USA. (Flushing, N.Y.) 1958-199?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 417, ¶ 4334.
- ^ a b c "About The Black agenda. (Staten Island, N.Y.) 19??-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 542, ¶ 5646.
- ^ a b "About The Black reign community newspaper. [volume] (Staten Island, N.Y.) 1996-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-22.