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La Meseta Formation

Coordinates: 64°14′21.782″S 56°36′11.69″W / 64.23938389°S 56.6032472°W / -64.23938389; -56.6032472
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This article is about an Antarctica sedimentary sequence. For the geological feature, see Mesa. For other uses, see Meseta.
La Meseta Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Paleocene to Early Oligocene
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofSeymour Island Group[1]
UnderliesWeddell Formation
OverliesLopez de Bertodano, Sobral & Cross Valley Formations
Thickness557 m (1,827 ft)[2]
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, claystone
OtherSiltstone, mudstone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates64°14′21.782″S 56°36′11.69″W / 64.23938389°S 56.6032472°W / -64.23938389; -56.6032472.[3]
Approximate paleocoordinates63°42′S 61°30′W / 63.7°S 61.5°W / -63.7; -61.5
RegionSeymour Island
CountryAntarctica

Geologic map of Seymour Island, Antarctica with La Meseta Formation in dark yellow

The La Meseta Formation is a sedimentary sequence deposited during much of the Paleogene on Seymour Island off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is noted for its fossils, which include both marine organisms and the only terrestrial vertebrate fossils from the Cenozoic of Antarctica.[2][4]

In some treatments, the La Meseta Formation is restricted to just the older Thanetian to Lutetian-aged strata, with the younger Bartonian to Rupelian strata treated as the overlying Submeseta Formation.[5][6] However, other papers instead treat the Submeseta Formation as an allomember of the La Meseta Formation.[7][8]

Description

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La Meseta Formation lies unconformably on the Cretaceous Lopez de Bertodano Formation. It is an approximately 557 metres (1,827 ft) thick sequence of poorly consolidated sandstones and siltstones. The depositional environment was probably coastal, deltaic or estuarine in character. The top of the sequence is an erosional unconformity to Pleistocene glacial gravels.[3][2] La Meseta Formation is one of the sequences that make up the fill of the Late Jurassic to Paleogene James Ross Basin.[3]

Paleoenvironment

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The terrestrial environment surrounding the deposition area is thought to have been a temperate polar forest, including podocarp and araucarian conifers, as well as Nothofagus.[9][10] Most of the fossilized woods and flowers discovered on Seymour Islands consist of extinct species of conifer trees and lilies during warm climate.[11][12]

Paleobiota

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La Meseta Formation is extremely rich in fossils. Among mammals, the meridiungulata Antarctodon and Trigonostylops have been found in the formation.[13][14] as well as marsupial Derorhynchidae, Microbiotheria, and polydolopimorphia.[15][16] It is famous for its penguin fossils, for example the two genera Archaeospheniscus and Palaeeudyptes.[17][18] Other bird fossils include Dasornis, a genus of pseudotooth birds. There is also an abundance of trace fossils. Diplocraterion, Helminthopsis, Muensteria, Oichnus, Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Teredolites and Zapfella have been described.[19] Over 35 species and 26 families of fish, which includes sharks, have been described from the Ypresian Cucullaea bed.[3][20]

Mammals

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Meriduingulata

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Astrapotheria
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Antarctodon A. sobrali Locality DVP 2/84 and IAA 1/90. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). MLP 08-XI-30-1, an isolated right p4 or m1. An astrapothere
Trigonostylops T. sp. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). An astrapothere
Litopterna
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Notiolofos N. arquinotiensis Locality IAA 1/13 and DPV 16/84. Acantilados II, Campamento, Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 4) and Submeseta Member (Telm 7). A Brachyodont lower right molar fragment, probably m1 or m2, preserves a portion of the talonid with most of the lingual side (MLP 13-I-25-1) and left M3 incomplete (MLP 95-I-10-6). A sparnotheriodontid litoptern.
N. regueroi Locality IAA 2/16 Lower coquina bed of Cucullaea I Allomember. IAA-PV 173, Isolated complete left m3.
Victorlemoinea V. sp. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). A sparnotheriodontid litoptern.

Cetaceans

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Basilosauridae[21] Indeterminate
Llanocetus L. denticrenatus Locality DPV 10/84 and DVP 13/24. Unit III Member and Telm 7. A partial mandible with two teeth (specimen USNM 183022) and an endocast of the braincase. A toothed baleen whale.

Metatherians

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Derorhynchidae
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Derorhynchus[22] D. minutus[22] Locality IAA 1/90. Allomember Cucullaea I (Telm 5). MLP 96-1-5-44, incomplete right horizontal ramus of the dentary fragment with m2-3.
Pauladelphys[22][23] P. juanjoi[22][23] Locality IAA 2/95 and IAA 1/90. Allomember Cucullaea I (Telm 5). An isolated lower molar (MLP 95-1-10-2) and an upper left molar (MLP 96-1-5-44).
Xenostylos X. peninsularis[22] Locality IAA 1/90. Allomember Cucullaea I (Telm 5). MLP 94-111-15-10, an isolated upper right molar.
Microbiotheria
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Marambiotherium[22] M. glacialis[22] Locality IAA 1/90 and RV-8200. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). MLP 95-1-10-1, a fragment of a right mandibular ramus with a complete m4 and the posterior alveolus of m3 and MLP 88-1-1-1, an edentulous left mandibular ramus with the alveoli for p3-m4. A microbiothere, related to the modern monito del monte.
Woodburnodon W. casei Locality IAA 1/95. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). MLP 04-III-1-2, an isolated, worn upper right molar (M2 or M3). A microbiothere, related to the modern monito del monte.
Polydolopimorphia
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Antarctodolops A. dailyi Locality IAA 2/95, DPV 2/84, and DPV 6/84. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). UCR 20910, a left dentary with p3-m2. A polydolopimorphian metatherian.
A. mesetaense Locality IAA 1/90 and DPV 6/84. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). Right dentary fragments.
Perrodelphys P. coquinense[22] Locality IAA 1/90. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). MLP 96-1-5-11, an isolated left lower molar. A polydolopimorphian metatherian.
Polydolops P. dailyi Locality IAA 1/90 & DPV 3/84. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5). A polydolopimorphian metatherian.
P. seymouriensis Locality IAA 1/90 & DPV 3/84. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5).
P. thomasi Locality IAA 1/90 & DPV 3/84. Cucullaea I allomember (Telm 5).
Pujatodon P. ektopos[24] Locality IAA 1/90. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5). Specimen MLP 14-I-10-20, a lower left molar (m2 or m3) partially worn. A polydolopimorphian metatherian.

Other mammals

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Sudamerica S. ameghinoi Locality IAA 1/90 upper level. Cucullaea I Allomember. MLP 95-I-10-5, anterior part of a left dentary with the rodent-like incisor partially preserved. A gondwanathere
Meridiolestida?[25] Indeterminate Locality IAA 1/90 upper level. Cucullaea I Allomember. A single tooth, now lost.[25]
Xenarthra? Indeterminate. Locality S124. Cucullaea I Allomember/ Telm 4. TMM 44190-1, left metacarpal II and A phalanx and a partial tooth[25]

Birds

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Sphenisciformes

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Anthropornis A. grandis Locality IAA 4/12, IAA 1/90, DPV 13/84, and DVP 2/84. Telm 4 member, Telm 7 member, and Submeseta Allomember. Humerus: MLP 93-X-1-4 (proximal epiphysis), MLP 82-IV-23-4 (proximal epiphysis), MLP 83-I-1-190(proximal epiphysis) and MLP 88-I-1-463(proximal epiphysis). A giant penguin.
Anthropornis
Palaeeudyptes
A. nordenskjoldi[23] Submeseta Allomember. Humerus: MLP CX-60-25 (proximal epiphysis), MLP 83-V-30-5 (diaphysis) and MLP 93-X-1-104(complete humerus).
Archaeospheniscus A. lopdelli Submeseta Allomember. A giant penguin.
A. wimani Submeseta Allomember.
Delphinornis[23] D. arctowskii DPV 14/84 Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 7). A penguin.
D. graclis DPV 14/84 Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 7).
D. larseni DPV 13/84 and DPV 14/84. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5 and Telm 7) and Submeseta Allomember.
Marambiornis M. exilis DVP 2/84, IAA 1/12, and ZPAL 4 Telm 7 Member. A limb element (right tarsometatarsus). A penguin.
Mesetaornis M. polaris Telm 7 member. A nearly complete right femur and two distal left tibiotarsi. A penguin.
Orthopteryx O. gigas[18] A penguin.
Palaeeudyptes P. antarcticus Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 3, Telm 4, Telm 5, and Telm 7) and Submeseta Allomember. A giant penguin.
P. gunnari [23] DVP 2/84, DVP 10/84, DVP 13/84, DVP 14/84, DVP 15/84, and ZPAL 4. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 3, Telm 5, and Telm 7) and Submeseta Allomember. Multiple specimens consist of coracoids, ulna, and humerus.
P. klekowskii DVP 2/84, DVP 10/84, DVP 13/84, DVP 14/84, DVP 16/84, and ZPAL 4. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 3, Telm 5, and Telm 7) and Submeseta Allomember. Several specimens consist of humerus, coracoid, ulna, and tibiotarsus.
Wimanornis W. seymourensis DPV 14/84. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 7) and Submeseta Allomember. A penguin.
Tonniornis T. mesetaensis DPV 14/84. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 7) and Submeseta Allomember. A penguin.
T. minimum DPV 14/84. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 7) and Submeseta Allomember.

Other birds

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Antarctoboenus[26] A. carlinii IAA 2/95 locality Cucullaea I Allomember MLP 95-I-10-8, distal end of left tarsometatarsus A stem falconiform.
Dasornis D. sp. A pseudotooth bird.
?Diomedeidae Indeterminate Cucullaea I Allomember A potential albatross.[27]
Notoleptos N. giglii Submeseta III Allomember Left tarsometatarsus (MLP 12-I-20-305) An early albatross.[27]
?Phorusrhacidae Indeterminate Locality IAA 2/13 Cucullaea I Allomember A right ungual phalanx (MLP-PV 13-XI-28-546) and an incomplete ungual phalanx (MLP-PV 14-I-10-199)[28] A large-sized potential terror bird.[28]
?Procellariidae Indeterminate Cucullaea I Allomember Distal end of ulna (MLP 91-II-4-6) A potential procellarid.[27]
?Threskiornithidae Indeterminate Cucullaea II Allomember (Telm 6) A fragmentary, curved bill (IB/P/B-0698). A potential ibis.[29]

Reptiles

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
"Psephophorus" cf. P. terrypratchetti[30] Telm 4[30] Platelets, shell fragment A dermochelyid sea turtle related to modern leatherback turtles.[30][31]
Testudines indet. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5) Carapace plates A non-dermochelyid turtle with a bony carapace.[32]

Amphibians

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Calyptocephalella C. sp.[33] Locality IAA 2/95. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5). The fragmentary right ilium (NRM-PZ B282) and a skull bone (NRM-PZ B281). A calyptocephalellid frog

Cartilaginous fish

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Chimaeras

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Callorhinchus C. stahli A ploughnose chimaera.[34]
Chimaera C. seymourensis A rabbitfish.[34]
Ischyodus I. dolloi Upper Tooth plates A relative of ploughnose chimaeras.

Sharks

[edit]
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Abdounia A. mesetae Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5) A requiem shark.[34]
A. richteri
Anomotodon A. multidenticulata An extinct relative of goblin shark.
Carcharhinus C. sp. A requiem shark.[35]
Centrophorus C. sp. A gulper shark.[34]
Cetorhinus C. sp. Middle Gill raker A relative of the basking shark.[36]
Ceolometlaouia C. pannucae A carpet shark.[37]
Dalatias D. licha The modern kitefin shark.[34]
Deania D. sp. A longnose dogfish.[34]
Eodalatias E. austrinalis A dalatiid.[38]
Galeorhinus G. mesetaensis A relative of the school shark.[34]
G. sp. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5), Telm 6
Heptranchias H. howellii Upper lateral teeth. A relative of the sevengill shark.
Hexanchus [23] H. sp.[23] A relative of the sixgill shark.
Kallodentis K. rhytistemma Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5), Telm 6 A houndshark.[34]
Lamna L. cf. nasus A relative of the porbeagle.
Macrorhizodus M. praecursor A lamnid.[34]
Meridiogaleus M. cristatus Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5), Telm 6 A houndshark.[34]
Mustelus M. sp. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5), Telm 6 A smooth-hound.[34]
Notoramphoscyllium N. woodwardi A carpet shark. Initially thought to be teeth of the modern zebra shark.[37]
Odontaspis O. winkleri A relative of the sand shark.
Otodus O. auriculatus A megatooth shark.
O. sokolovi[39] Upper
Palaeohypotodus P. cf. rutoti A sand shark.[39]
Paraorthacodus P. sp. A paraorthacodontid shark.[34]
Pristiophorus P. lanceolatus Upper A sawshark.
P. laevis[40]
Pseudoginglymostoma P. cf. P. brevicaudatum Nomen dubium.[41]
Scoliodon S. sp. Multiple teeth. A requiem shark.
Squalus S. weltoni UCR RV-8200, Telm 4. Lower A complete lateral tooth. A dogfish.
S. woodburnei UCR RV-8200, Telm 4. Lower. A complete lateral tooth.
Squatina S. sp. Upper An angelshark.[38]
Striatolamia S. cf. macrota Upper A sand shark.[39]

Rays

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Marambioraja M. leiostemma Lower A skate.[6]
Mesetaraja M. maleficapelli Lower A skate.[6]
Myliobatis M. sp. An eagle ray.[34]
Myliobatoidea indet. Partial spine A stingray.[35]
Pristis P. sp. A sawfish.[35]
Raja R. amphitrita Lower A skate.[6]
R. manitaria

Ray-finned fish

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Labridae indet. Large lower pharyngeal tooth plate A wrasse.[42]
Macrouridae indet. Well-preserved skull with otoliths A grenadier.[43][44]
Marambionella M. andreae Articulated skeleton A clupeioid herring relative.[45]
Mesetaichthys M. jerzmanskae Fragmentary skull bones and vertebra. An early member of the Notothenioidei, the dominant marine fish of Antarctica today.[44] Initially assigned to the hakes.[46][47]
Oplegnathus O. sp. Jaws with teeth A knifejaw, earliest record of this family.[48]
Proeleginops P. grandeastmanorum Neurocranium An early member of the Notothenioidei.[44][49]
Siluriformes indet. A catfish.[50]
Trichiurus T. sp. Teeth A cutlassfish.[50]
Xiphiorhynchus X. cf. sp. A relative of the swordfish.[23]

Cephalopods

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Antarcticeras A. nordenskjoeldi NRM 8, below IAA 1/90 (Ungulate Site). Cucullaea I shell bed, Telm 4. A fragmentary preserved straight shell. An enigmatic cephalopod that is either considered a descendant of the orthocerids or an oegopsid squid.
Euciphoceras E. sp. NRM 8, below IAA 1/90 (Ungulate Site). Cucullaea I shell bed, Telm 4. A fragmentary preserved straight shell. A nautiloid.

Plants

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Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Agathoxylon A. pseudoparenchymatosum Locality 5 Cucullaea I allomember Fossilized wood.
fossilized seed of Notonuphar
Cupressinoxylon C. hallei Localities 4, 5, 6 and 7. Campamento and Cucullaea I allomember. Fossilized wood.
Notonuphar N. antarctica IAA 2/95. Cucullaea I Allomember (Telm 5). Fossilized seeds. A water lily.
Nelumbo ? Nelumbo sp.[12]
Protophyllocladoxylon P. francisiae
Phyllocladoxylon P. antarcticum
P. pooleae

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Zinsmeister, Jeffrey D. Stilwell ; William J. (1992). Molluscan systematics and biostratigraphy : Lower Tertiary La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-0875907703.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c Pezzetti, T.F.; KRISSEK, L.A (1986). "Re-evaluation of the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Antarctic Journal of the United States. 21 (5): 75.
  3. ^ a b c d Reguero, Marcelo A.; Sergio A. Marenssi; Sergio N. Santillana (2012). "Weddellian marine/coastal vertebrates diversity from a basal horizon (Ypresian, Eocene) of the Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, Antarctica". Rev. Peru. Biol. 19 (3): 275–284. doi:10.15381/rpb.v19i3.1006.
  4. ^ Vega, Greta C.; Olalla-Tárraga, Miguel Ángel (2020), "Past changes on fauna and flora distribution", Past Antarctica, Elsevier, pp. 165–179, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817925-3.00009-4, ISBN 978-0-12-817925-3, retrieved 2023-09-20
  5. ^ Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Gelfo, Javier N. (2017-08-18). "Procellariiform remains and a new species from the latest Eocene of Antarctica". Historical Biology. 29 (6): 755–769. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1238470. hdl:11336/54885. ISSN 0891-2963.
  6. ^ a b c d Engelbrecht, Andrea; Mörs, Thomas; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Kriwet, Jürgen (2019-09-14). "Skates and rays (Elasmobranchii, Batomorphii) from the Eocene La Meseta and Submeseta formations, Seymour Island, Antarctica". Historical Biology. 31 (8): 1028–1044. Bibcode:2019HBio...31.1028E. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1417403. ISSN 0891-2963. PMC 6650296. PMID 31337928.
  7. ^ Marenssi, Sergio A. (2006). "Eustatically controlled sedimentation recorded by Eocene strata of the James Ross Basin, Antarctica". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 258 (1): 125–133. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.258.01.09.
  8. ^ Reguero, Marcelo Alfredo; Marenssi, Sergio Alfredo; Santillana, S. N. (2012). "Weddellian marine/coastal vertebrates diversity from a basal horizon (Ypresian, Eocene) of the Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, Antarctica". Revista Peruana de Biología. ISSN 1561-0837.
  9. ^ Pujana, Roberto R.; Santillana, Sergio N.; Marenssi, Sergio A. (January 2014). "Conifer fossil woods from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene of Western Antarctica): Evidence of Podocarpaceae-dominated forests". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 200: 122–137. Bibcode:2014RPaPa.200..122P. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.09.001. hdl:11336/17151.
  10. ^ Reguero, Marcelo A.; Marenssi, Sergio A.; Santillana, Sergio N. (May 2002). "Antarctic Peninsula and South America (Patagonia) Paleogene terrestrial faunas and environments: biogeographic relationships". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 179 (3–4): 189–210. Bibcode:2002PPP...179..189R. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00417-5.
  11. ^ Pujana, R. R., Wilf, P., & Gandolfo, M. A. (2020). Conifer wood assemblage dominated by Podocarpaceae, early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, central Argentinean Patagonia. PhytoKeys, 156, 81–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.54175
  12. ^ a b Friis, Else M.; Iglesias, Ari; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Mörs, Thomas (2017-08-01). "Notonuphar antarctica, an extinct water lily (Nymphaeales) from the Eocene of Antarctica". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 303 (7): 969–980. Bibcode:2017PSyEv.303..969F. doi:10.1007/s00606-017-1422-y. ISSN 2199-6881. S2CID 254058613.
  13. ^ Antarctodon at Fossilworks.org
  14. ^ Trigonostylops at Fossilworks.org
  15. ^ Chornogubsky, L. (2009). A Reassessment of Antarctic Polydolopid Marsupials (Middle Eocene, La Meseta Formation). Antarctic Science.
  16. ^ Goin, F. J.; Zimicz, N.; Reguero, M. A.; Santillana, S. N.; Marenssi, S. A.; Moly, J. J. (October 2007). "New marsupial (Mammalia) from the Eocene of Antarctica, and the origins and affinities of the Microbiotheria". Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina. 62 (4): 597–603. ISSN 1851-8249. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
  17. ^ Tambussi, Claudia & Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina & Reguero, Marcelo & Marenssi, Sergio. (2006). Late Eocene penguins from West Antarctica: Systematics and biostratigraphy. Geological Society London Special Publications. 258. 145-161. 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.258.01.11.
  18. ^ a b Hospitaleche, C. A.; Reguero, M. (2011). "Taxonomic status of the Eocene penguins Orthopteryx gigas Wiman, 1905 and Ichtyopteryx gracilis Wiman, 1905 from Antarctica". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 35 (3): 463–466. Bibcode:2011Alch...35..463H. doi:10.1080/03115518.2011.527476.
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  20. ^ Long, Douglas (1992). "Sharks from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene), Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 12 (1): 11–32. Bibcode:1992JVPal..12...11L. doi:10.1080/02724634.1992.10011428.
  21. ^ Buono, M.R.; Fernández, M.S.; Reguero, M.A.; Marenssi, S.A.; Santillana, S.N.; Mörs, T. (2016). "Eocene Basilosaurid Whales from the La Meseta Formation, Marambio (Seymour) Island, Antarctica". Ameghiniana. 53 (3): 296–315. doi:10.5710/AMGH.02.02.2016.2922. hdl:11336/49679.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Goin, Francisco J. New Discoveries of "Opposum [sic]-Like" Marsupials from Antarctica (Seymour Island, Medial Eocene). OCLC 1196811246.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h "Antarctic Paleontological Heritage: Late Cretaceous–Paleogene vertebrates from Seymour (Marambio) Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Advances in Polar Science. 30. 20 August 2019. doi:10.13679/j.advps.2019.0015.
  24. ^ Francisco J. Goin; Emma C. Vieytes; Javier N. Gelfo; Laura Chornogubsky; Ana N. Zimicz; Marcelo A. Reguero (2020). "New metatherian mammal from the early Eocene of Antarctica". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 27 (1): 17–36. doi:10.1007/s10914-018-9449-6. hdl:11336/82643. S2CID 91932037.
  25. ^ a b c Gelfo, Javier N.; Goin, Francisco J.; Bauzá, Nicolás; Reguero, Marcelo (30 September 2019). "The fossil record of Antarctic land mammals: Commented review and hypotheses for future research". Advances in Polar Science: 274–292. doi:10.13679/j.advps.2019.0021.
  26. ^ Cenizo, Marcos; Noriega, Jorge I.; Reguero, Marcelo A. (2016-01-12). "A stem falconid bird from the Lower Eocene of Antarctica and the early southern radiation of the falcons". Journal of Ornithology. 157 (3): 885–894. Bibcode:2016JOrni.157..885C. doi:10.1007/s10336-015-1316-0. hdl:11336/54190. ISSN 2193-7192.
  27. ^ a b c Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Gelfo, Javier N. (2017-08-18). "Procellariiform remains and a new species from the latest Eocene of Antarctica". Historical Biology. 29 (6): 755–769. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1238470. hdl:11336/54885. ISSN 0891-2963.
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Further reading

[edit]
  • R. A. Askin. 1997. Eocene-?Earliest Oligocene terrestrial palynology of Seymour Island, Antarctica. : 993-996. The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes 993-996
  • M. A. Bitner. 1991. A supposedly new brachiopod from the Paleogene of Seymour Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research 12(2):243-246
  • D. B. Blake; R. B. Aronson (1998). "Eocene stelleroids (Echinodermata) at Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Journal of Paleontology. 72 (2): 339–353. Bibcode:1998JPal...72..339B. doi:10.1017/S0022336000036325.
  • M. Bond, M. A. Reguero, S. F. Vizcaino and S. A. Marenssi. 2006. A new 'South American ungulate' (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Eocene of the Antarctic Peninsula. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 258:163-176
  • J. A. Case. 1988. Paleogene floras from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island Antarctic Peninsula 523-540
  • M. M. Cenizo. 2012. Review of the putative Phorusrhacidae from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of Antarctica: new records of ratites and pelagornithid birds. Polish Polar Research 33(3):225-244
  • A. L. Cione, M. de las Mercedes Azpelicueta, and D. R. Bellwood. 1995. An oplegnathid fish from the Eocene of Antarctica. Palaeontology 37(4):931-940
  • A. L. Cione and M. A. Reguero. 1994. New records of the sharks Isurus and Hexanchus from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 105:1-14
  • J. Kriwet (2005). "Additions to the Eocene Selachian Fauna of Antarctica with Comments on Antarctic Selachian Diversity". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0001:ATTESF]2.0.CO;2.
  • S. A. Marenssi, M. A. Regeuro, S. N. Santillana and S. F. Vizcaino. 1994. Eocene land mammals from Seymour Island, Antarctica: palaeobiogeographical implications. 6(1):3-15
  • I. Poole, A. M. W. Mennega, and D. J. Cantrill. 2003. Valdivian ecosystems in the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of Antarctica: further evidence from myrtaceous and eucryphiaceous fossil wood. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 124:9-27
  • R. R. Pujana, S. N. Santillana, and S. A. Marenssi. 2014. Conifer fossil woods from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene of Western Antarctica): Evidence of Podocarpaceae-dominated forests. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (200)122-137
  • S. F. Vizcaino, M. A. Reguero, S. A. Marenssi and S. N. Santillana. 1997. New land mammal-bearing localities from the Eocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica. The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes 997-1000
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