Kuehn family
Bernard Julius Otto Kuehn (sometimes referred to as Kuhn, German spelling with Umlaut: "Kühn") (1894 or 95 – 1956) and his family were spies in the employ of the Abwehr for Nazi Germany who had close ties to Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels.[1] In 1935, Goebbels offered Kuehn a job working for Japanese intelligence in Hawaii; he accepted and moved his family to Honolulu on August 15, 1935. The family included Dr. Kuehn, 41 years old; his wife, Friedel; a daughter, Susie Ruth (at 17, she was the former mistress of Goebbels);[1] and her half-brother, Hans Joachim. Since all four members of the family were involved in the espionage they were dubbed the "8 eyed spy".[2][3]
His daughter dated U.S. military personnel and opened a beauty parlor that offered the best and cheapest services in the city. Wives of high-ranking military personnel would spend hours gossiping about the comings and goings of their husbands. "They talked so much," she would later say, "that it was a relief when they left the place".[1]
Bernard Kuehn's son, Hans Joachim Kuehn was only 11 years old when he was trained by his father to ask precise questions about the ships and submarines. Young Hans was also trained to notice some critical areas on those ships and submarines. Every morning, Bernard would dress up young Hans as a U.S. Navy sailor to show their patriotism, and they would both go walk along the waterfront. The officers would invite Hans into the ships and submarines and that is when Hans would start spying.[1]
His wife's job was to record all intelligence that the family obtained.
When Japanese master spy Takeo Yoshikawa arrived in Honolulu, Dr. Kuehn would flash coded messages with a bright light from the attic of the Kuehn household—a system that went undetected until the end.
Bernard Kuehn would send coded messages to Japanese consulates. A Japanese agent claimed that Bernard lacked spying skill and was not made for the job offered by Goebbels. He would engage in his spying activities even when he was at risk of getting caught. The information that Kuehn gave the Japanese was not of great value.[1][4]
The Kuehns went unnoticed by the Americans until the day of the attack, December 7, 1941. They were still sending coded information to the Japanese army, as they watched the carnage from their cottage that overlooked Pearl Harbor. As they sent the messages, the flashing light showing from the Kuehns' lodge was noticed. This triggered an alert to U.S. military intelligence.[1]
The family lived the good life on Japanese pay, but Bernard Kuehn soon came to the attention of the FBI as a possible suspect because of his Nazi connections and lack of any source of income.[5] After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was arrested and on February 21, 1942, he was sentenced by a military commission to be shot "by musketry" as a spy.[6] After volunteering valuable information about the Japanese and German spy networks, his sentence was commuted to 50 years in prison with hard labor. On June 6, 1946, Kuehn's sentence was further commuted so he could be deported. He was confined at Ellis Island until July 29, 1948. On December 3, 1948, Kuehn was voluntarily deported to Buenos Aires, Argentina.[7] He returned to Germany in 1955, where he died from cancer of 1956, at the age of 61. Friedel Kuehn and Susie Kuehn were both interned for the remainder of the war, and deported to Germany in 1945. Hans was repatriated with his mother.
Dr. Bernhard L. Hormann, the head of the sociology department at the University of Hawaii, kept a collection of the Kuehn family papers including the correspondences they wrote to one another during and after their internment on Sand Island (Hawaiian Island Detention Camp). Dr. Hormann's family provided a home for Hans Joachim Kuehn during his parents' incarceration and subsequent sentence. His entire collection was donated to the university archives.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Wallechinsky, David; Irving Wallace. "Pearl Harbor and the Japanese Spy Family Part". Retrieved 2006-12-18.
- ^ "Pearl Harbor and the Japanese Spy Family Part 1".
- ^ "Demystifying the "spy family" behind the "Pearl Harbor": The youngest spy is only 6 years old". 9 October 2020.
- ^ Prange, Gordon W., At dawn we Slept, p. 311
- ^ Deac, Wil. "Takeo Yoshikawa: World War II Japanese Pearl Harbor Spy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
- ^ "Sheets, Sails, and Dormer Lights: The Case of the Pearl Harbor Spy". FBI. February 21, 2005. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
- ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation. Bernard Julius Otto Kuehn.
- ^ "Otto Kuehn Family Papers". University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2011-08-03.