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Julia Klöckner

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Julia Klöckner
Klöckner in 2021
Minister of Food and Agriculture
In office
14 March 2018 – 8 December 2021
ChancellorAngela Merkel
Preceded byChristian Schmidt
Succeeded byCem Özdemir
Leader of the Christian Democratic Union in Rhineland-Palatinate
In office
25 September 2010 – 26 March 2022
Preceded byChristian Baldauf
Succeeded byChristian Baldauf
Deputy Leader of the Christian Democratic Union
In office
4 December 2012 – 20 January 2022
LeaderAngela Merkel
Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer
Armin Laschet
Preceded byAnnette Schavan
Succeeded byKarin Prien
Leader of the Christian Democratic Union in the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate
In office
18 May 2011 – 14 March 2018
Preceded byChristian Baldauf
Succeeded byChristian Baldauf
Parliamentary Secretary of State for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection
In office
27 September 2009 – 15 February 2011
MinisterIlse Aigner
Preceded byUrsula Heinen
Succeeded byPeter Bleser
Member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate
for Bad Kreuznach
In office
18 May 2011 – 1 April 2018
Preceded byCarsten Pörksen
Succeeded byHelmut Martin
Member of the Bundestag
for Rhineland-Palatinate
Incumbent
Assumed office
26 October 2021
Preceded byAntje Lezius
ConstituencyCDU List
In office
17 October 2002 – 18 May 2011
Preceded byFritz Rudolf Körper
Succeeded byAntje Lezius
ConstituencyKreuznach
Personal details
Born (1972-12-16) 16 December 1972 (age 52)
Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany
Political party German:
Christian Democratic Union
 EU:
European People's Party
Alma materUniversity of Mainz

Julia Klöckner (born 16 December 1972) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2018 to 2021. Since 2012, she has also been part of the CDU leadership.

Klöckner first became known in 1995 when she was chosen as the German Wine Queen (Deutsche Weinkönigin). From 2002 to 2011 she was a Member of Parliament for Kreuznach in the German Bundestag and, from 2009 to February 2011, she was a parliamentary undersecretary in the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. Since 25 September 2010 she has chaired the Rhineland-Palatinate CDU party[1] and, since March 2011, the CDU group in the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate, the state parliament. Since 15 November 2010 she has been on the CDU's national Präsidium (executive committee) and on 4 December 2012 she was elected as one of the Deputy Federal Chairmen and -women of the CDU.

Early life and education

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Klöckner was born on 16 December 1972 in the German spa town of Bad Kreuznach. She grew up in Guldental as the youngest child of a vintner's family.[2] After taking her Abitur in 1992 at the Gymnasium an der Stadtmauer grammar school in Bad Kreuznach, Klöckner studied for a degree in political science, Catholic theology and education, passing her first Staatsexamen in 1998 in Social Studies and Religion and receiving her Master of Arts (MA) at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz.

Professional career

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After her intermediate examination, Klöckner worked, with special permission, from 1994 to 1998 as a religious education teacher at a primary school in Wiesbaden, and then began her practical training as a journalist. In 1994 she was chosen as the "Wine Queen of the Nahe valley" (Nahe Weinkönigin) and, in 1995, as the German Wine Queen.[3][4] In this capacity, she presented Pope John Paul II with a bottle of Riesling.[5]

From 1998 to 2002, Klöckner worked in the department of regional culture at SWR television in Mainz as a freelancer and, from 2000 to 2002, she was editor of the magazine, weinwelt ("Wine World").[6][7] From 2001 to 2009, she was chief editor of Sommelier magazine published by Meininger Verlag.[6][7]

Political career

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Klöckner at the CDU party conference in 2012

Early beginnings

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In 1996, Klöckner joined the Junge Union (JU), the Frauen Union (FU, the German "Women's Union"), the Christian Democratic Union party, the Europa Union and the Young European Federalists. In 2001 she became a member of the JU's local board in Bad Kreuznach, an office she held until 2007. In the same year she also became a member of the local (county-level) CDU board in Bad Kreuznach.[8] In 2002, Klöckner became a member of the Regional Committee on Security Policy and the Armed Forces[9] and the JU Regional Executive of Rhineland-Palatinate, where she stayed until 2007.

Member of the Bundestag, 2002–2011

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First term, 2002–2005

In October 2002, following the German federal election that year, Klöckner entered the German parliament, the Bundestag, via the Rhineland-Palatinate list of state candidates, having scored 7% less than her SPD rival Fritz-Rudolf Körper in the first round of voting.

On 14 November 2002 Klöckner was elected as one of the secretaries of the Bundestag's plenary sessions.[10][11] In addition she joined the board of trustees of the Federal Agency for Civic Education.[12] Later she became a member of the Committee for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture.[13] and alternate member of the Committee for Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid.[14] In 2003 she joined the commission of inquiry into "Ethics and Rights in Modern Medicine" and was a member of its sub-groups: "Ethics in Bioscientific and Medical Research" and "Transplantation Medicine".[15] She also founded a parliamentary wine forum[16] and belonged to the all-party discussion group on hospice and palliative care.

Klöckner became a member of the "Young Group" (Junge Gruppe) of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag, where she served as deputy chairwoman.[17]

Second term, 2005–2009

In the federal elections in 2005 Klöckner secured the constituency of Kreuznach for the CDU for the first time in around 50 years with 43.0% of voters placing her first. On 15 December 2005 she was re-elected as secretary to the Bundestag.[18]

On 24 January 2006 Klöckner was elected to the board of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Bundestag.[19] She was a full member of the committee for consumer Protection[20] and an alternate member of the Committee for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety.[21] On 2 June 2006 she also joined the Parliamentary Advisory Board for Sustainable Development.[22][23] In addition, she served as deputy chairwoman of the Parliamentary Friendship Group for Relations with Belgium and Luxembourg.

On 23 October 2007 Klöckner was unanimously voted as deputy chairwoman and thus as chairwoman of the working group for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in the CDU/CSU parliamentary group. She was part of this working group until 2009.[24]

In July 2008 Klöckner began a two-year stint as chairwoman of the newly constituted consumer advisory body of Schufa established to represent the interests of consumer protection.

In the 2009 federal elections Klöckner was confirmed as the directly elected member of parliament for the constituency of Kreuznach/Birkenfeld with 47.0% of first votes and an 18% lead over her SPD rival.[25] In the negotiations to form a coalition government of the Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), she was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on environment, agriculture and consumer protection policies, led by Ilse Aigner and Michael Kauch.

After the constitution of the Rhineland-Palatinate parliament on 18 May 2011, Klöckner resigned her seat in the Bundestag on 27 May 2011.[26][27]

Parliamentary State Secretary

[edit]

On 29 October 2009, Klöckner was appointed as a Parliamentary State Secretary of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture under Minister Ilse Aigner.[28] In February 2011 she resigned from this office in order to run the CDU in Rhineland-Palatinate. Her successor in this office is Peter Bleser (CDU).[29]

State politics in Rhineland-Palatinate

[edit]
Klöckner attending parliament in 2014

Within the Rhineland-Palatinate CDU, Klöckner moved up to the party's state executive committee in 2003. On 13 June 2004 Julia Klöckner was elected to the county council (Kreistag) of Bad Kreuznach with 42,888 votes, the highest number of votes of the 50 CDU candidates.[30] In the next council elections on 7 June 2009 she was again elected with the most votes (this time 46,759 votes).[31][32]

On 8 July 2006 Klöckner was elected as Deputy State Chairwoman of the Rhineland-Palatinate CDU with 91.5% of the vote on the CDU Party's 59th Regional Day.[33]

On 17 November 2009, Klöckner was proposed by the CDU chairman for Rhineland-Palatinate, Christian Baldauf, as the lead candidate for the 2011 state elections.[34] On 17 April 2010 she was duly elected as the CDU's front runner at the CDU state party conference in Bingen am Rhein with 400 out of 402 votes cast (99.5%).[35] On 25 September 2010 at the state party conference in Mainz, she was elected as leader of the Rhineland-Palatinate CDU with 96.9% of the vote.[36][37] On 4 December 2010 she achieved first place in the state list for the 2011 elections at the party conference of the Rhineland-Palatinate CDU Association in Ramstein-Miesenbach, gaining 99.6% of the votes.[38]

In the state elections on 27 March 2011, voters gave Klöckner the direct mandate for the constituency of Bad Kreuznach with 44.4% of the votes.[39] After scoring their lowest result in the 2006 elections with only 32.8% of the vote, the CDU's performance state level was 2.5% higher than the national trend and just 0.5% behind the SDP, who suffered a historic loss of 9.9% of the vote.

Following the state elections, Klöckner was unanimously elected as the CDU's party leader in the Rhineland-Palatinate parliament on 30 March 2011.[40]

In the 2016 state elections, Klöckner again ran for the office of Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate. With the European migrant crisis emerging as the dominating campaign issue, Klöckner responded by trying to harden her line on migrants while carefully avoiding any whiff of disloyalty to Chancellor Angela Merkel. In a joint statement with CDU Baden-Württemberg leading candidate Guido Wolf Klöckner proposed in February 2016 flexible daily quotas for refugee inflows into Germany, which was a step beyond Merkel's “open-doors” policy but not so far as the CSU, the CDU's Bavaria-based sister party, which backed fixed annual limits.[41] No one should be allowed to enter Germany without a reason for asylum or a protection status.[42] She eventually lost against incumbent Malu Dreyer.

Role in national politics

[edit]

In 2003, Klöckner was elected to the federal board of the Frauen Union, a national organization for CDU women. In addition she became a deputy member in the board of the European People's Party. On 14 May 2007 she became the deputy chairwoman of the CDU Commission on the "Preservation of the Creation: Climatic, Environmental and Consumer Protection", where she led the Sub-Commission on Consumer Protection.

At the 23rd national CDU party conference on 15 November 2010, Klöckner became a member of the CDU Präsidium or steering committee with 94.43% of the votes, the highest number of votes out of all 40 candidates.[43] On 4 December 2012 she was elected as one of five deputy chairpersons of the national CDU party with 92.92% of the votes (once again the best result),[44] serving alongside Volker Bouffier, Armin Laschet, Thomas Strobl and Ursula von der Leyen.

Following the 2013 federal elections, Klöckner was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the SPD on a coalition agreement for the third government of Chancellor Angela Merkel. By 2016, she was widely seen by commentators as having quietly positioned herself as a leading candidate to replace Merkel.[45]

Other activities

[edit]
Julia Klöckner in 2010

Corporate boards

[edit]

Non-profit organizations

[edit]

In addition, Klöckner is the patron of the Rhineland-Palatinate State branch of the German Association for Muscular Dystrophy,[57] the German Multiple Sclerosis Association of Bad Kreuznach, the Friends of the Christian Hospice Movement in Bad Kreuznach, Ambulance Service,[58] of the multi-generational home in Idar-Oberstein[59] and the AKTION NIERE ("Kidney Action") Foundation.[60]

Klöckner is an honorary member of the German Language Campaign,[61] ambassador for the Lützelsoon Foundation that supports children suffering from cancer and other issues together with their families,[62] the initiator and a judge of the Prize for Consumer Journalism under the patronage of former President of Germany, Roman Herzog.[63] Klöckner is currently a board member of the German Parliamentary Society.

Political positions

[edit]

Social policy

[edit]

Klöckner is a declared opponent of abortion and also favours a ban on stem cell research.[64]

Klöckner herself has benefited from a CDU gender quorum introduced in 1996, as it provided her a good position on the party's candidate list in for the 2002 federal elections. Without the quota, Klöckner has acknowledged in the past, she would not have made it as far within her party.[65] In 2013, she demanded a legally enforced quota calling on publicly traded companies to have women hold a minimum of 30 percent of the seats on their supervisory boards, starting in 2020.[66]

Human rights

[edit]

In May 2014, Klöckner urged Turks living in Germany to boycott a speech by Turkey's Prime Minister Erdogan, as a protest against his government's crackdown on protests that followed the Soma mine disaster, which had killed 301 people.[67][68]

When news media in 2014 revealed images purporting to show security guards abusing asylum seekers at a shelter in western Germany, Klöckner said the incident should prompt a review of the country's refugee policy and infrastructure.[69] She also called for Germany to support Italy, Greece, and Turkey in processing asylum applications at registration centres there.[45]

In late 2014, Klöckner spoke out in favour of banning the burka, arguing that the German constitution emphasized that women and men were of equal value and that "looking at people's faces" also belonged to the culture of an open society.[70] In 2019, Klöckner repeated her calls for banning the burka.[71]

Foreign policy

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Speaking on the bilateral relations between Germany and Israel in 2013, Klöckner held that while "Germany has a historical responsibility," this should not be understood as "a blank check to be uncritical in foreign policy."[72]

Controversies

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2009 presidential election tweet

[edit]

During the German presidential election, Klöckner prematurely reported on Twitter the results of the vote by the Federal Assembly from the official electoral polling commission (Zählkommission).[73][74] About 15 minutes before the official announcement of the election result, she tweeted a reference to the last day of the German football premier league season: #Bundesversammlung Leute, Ihr könnt in Ruhe Fußball gucke. Wahlgang hat geklappt! ("Federal assembly, people, you can watch football in peace. Election a success!"). Other members of parliament also announced the result via SMS and Twitter prematurely, but justified themselves later, by arguing that they had not participated in the vote counting.

Following criticism of her premature announcement of the result, Klöckner resigned from her post as secretary to the Bundestag.[75]

2019 lobbying accusations

[edit]

In June 2019, Klöckner received criticism over a video that could be interpreted as an "advertisement for Swiss food conglomerate Nestlé". In the clip, Klöckner congratulates Nestle Germany leader Marc-Aurel Boersch for Nestlé's contributions in the wider context of a nation-wide initiative for voluntarily commitments of the food industry to reduce fat, sugar and salt in their products.[76]

Personal life

[edit]

Since 2019, Klöckner has been married to an antique cars dealer.[77]

Publications

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  • Klöckner, Julia; Hartmann, Thomas (1998), Der Wein erfreue des Menschen Herz (in German), Fribourg: Paulusverlag, ISBN 3-7228-0446-9
  • Klöckner, Julia; Hartmann, Thomas (2008), Irdischer Wein – Himmlischer Genuss (in German), Fribourg: Paulusverlag, ISBN 978-3-7228-0748-5

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danke für 96,9 % zu meiner Wahl als Landesvorsitzende! dated 25 September 2010
  2. ^ weingut-aloys-kloeckner.de: Familie – Reben brauchen feste Wurzeln ... Menschen auch. Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ deutscheweinkoenigin.de: Bildergalerie der Majestäten – Julia Klöckner, 47. Deutsche Weinkönigin Archived 27 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Sven Astheimer: „Zwischen Glamour und Gelände“, in: FAZ.net, 17 November 2009 (current version of a text dated 3 January 2009 in the Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung)
  5. ^ Lucian Kim (9 March 2016), Is This the Next Woman to Run Germany? Foreign Policy.
  6. ^ a b Lebenslauf Archived 23 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine at juliakloeckner.de. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  7. ^ a b [1] Julia Klöckner] at www.cdu.de. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  8. ^ cdu-kv-badkreuznach.de: CDU-Kreisvorstand Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ juliawaehlen.de: Klöckners Kurier (pdf: 324 kB)
  10. ^ bundestag.de: Deutscher Bundestag Stenografischer Bericht 10. Sitzung Berlin, Thu 14 Nov 2002 (pdf: 883 kB)
  11. ^ bundestag.de: Wahlvorschlag für die Wahl der Schriftführer gemäß § 3 der Geschäftsordnung (pdf: 178 kB)
  12. ^ bpb.de: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung Jahresbericht 2002/2003 Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
  13. ^ ausschusslisten.de: Ausschuss für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, Stand 17. Dezember 2002 Archived 22 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
  14. ^ ausschusslisten.de: Ausschuss für Menschenrechte und Humanitäre Hilfe, Stand 30. März 2003 Archived 22 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
  15. ^ Deutscher Bundestag ENQUETE-KOMMISSION ETHIK UND RECHT DER MODERNEN MEDIZIN Archived 4 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
  16. ^ reisetravel.eu: Das Parlamentarische Weinforum[permanent dead link‍]
  17. ^ pressrelations.de: Krings ist neuer Sprecher der Jungen Gruppe Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ bundestag.de: 8. Sitzung des Deutschen Bundestages on Thu 15 Dec 2005 Archived 22 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ pressrelations.de: Wahl der Beisitzer – CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktionen wählt Beisitzer für den Fraktionsvorstand Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ pressrelations.de: Bennung von Beauftragten – Beauftragte für Drogen, Tierschutz, Kirchen, Behinderte, Verbraucherschutz und Energie Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ abgeordnetenwatch.de: Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit – Mitglieder des Ausschusses Archived 22 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ welt.de: Junge Abgeordnete wollen Rechte ihrer Generation durchsetzen
  23. ^ bundestag.de: Parlamentarischer Beirat für nachhaltige Entwicklung Archived 29 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ pressrelations.de: Julia Klöckner neue Obfrau der Arbeitsgruppe Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ Allgemeine Zeitung: Julia Klöckner (CDU) verteidigt Direktmandat im Wahlkreis Bad Kreuznach
  26. ^ Julia Klöckner hat am 27. Mai 2011 im Büro von Bundestagspräsident Lammert ihre Entlassungsurkunde unterzeichnet. Archived 23 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Photograph of Klöckner handing her resignation to Bundestag President, Lammert. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  27. ^ Julia Klöckner im RZ-Interview: „Grottig schlechter Start für Rot-Grün“. Interview with the newspaper, Rhein-Zeitung. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  28. ^ bmelv.de: Julia Klöckner als neue Parlamentarische Staatssekretärin vereidigt Archived 21 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ Peter Bleser ist neuer Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär at www.peter-bleser.de. Retrieved 21 October 2013
  30. ^ cdu-kv-badkreuznach.de: Kreistagswahlergebnis 2004 Archived 3 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Allgemeine Zeitung: Die neuen Kreistagsmitglieder – STATISTIK Julia Klöckner ist die Häufelkönigin
  32. ^ kreisbadkreuznach.de: Mitglieder des Kreistages Legislaturperiode 2009–2014
  33. ^ ju-rlp.de: BLACK DAS MAGAZIN der JUNGEN UNION RHEINLAND-PFALZ 09/10 • 3. Jahrgang • Sep./Okt. 2006[permanent dead link‍] (PDF)
  34. ^ faz.net: Die gut vernetzte Weinkönigin, retrieved 17 November 2009
  35. ^ Allgemeine Zeitung: Klöckner wird Spitzenkandidatin mit Traumergebnis – Baldauf gibt CDU-Vorsitz ab
  36. ^ Allgemeine Zeitung: Julia Klöckner in Mainz zur CDU-Landeschefin gewählt – Merkels Watschn für Beck
  37. ^ FAZ.NET: Julia Klöckner neue CDU-Landesvorsitzende dated 26 September 2010
  38. ^ Allgemeine Zeitung: Rheinland-Pfalz: CDU wählt Klöckner mit Traumergebnis – Grüne: Ziel zweistellig
  39. ^ wahlen.rlp.de: Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz - Endgültiges Ergebnis Landtagswahl 2011 Wahlkreis Bad Kreuznach Archived 9 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ Julia Klöckner neue Landeschefin der CDU Rheinland-Pfalz at www.cdu-rpk.de, retrieved 27 September 2013.
  41. ^ Stefan Wagstyl (8 March 2016), Merkel protégé faces election struggle as migration backlash bites Financial Times.
  42. ^ CDU-Wahlkämpfer erhöhen Druck auf Merkel, Tagesschau, in German
  43. ^ karlsruhe2010.cdu.de: Elections at the 23rd party conference of the CDU in Germany
  44. ^ hannover2012.cdu.de: Elections at the 25th party conference of the CDU in Germany
  45. ^ a b Paul Carrel and Thorsten Severin (24 January 2016), Merkel's party, sliding in polls, weighs German 'border centres' Reuters.
  46. ^ Supervisory Board Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank.
  47. ^ Board of Supervisory Directors and its Committees Archived 16 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine KfW.
  48. ^ caritas-kh.de: Das Prinzip „Stiftung“ Archived 14 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ Board of Trustees Archived 29 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine European Foundation for the Speyer Cathedral.
  50. ^ Members Konrad Adenauer Foundation.
  51. ^ Board of Trustees Plan International – Germany.
  52. ^ fh-trier.de: Das Kuratorium der FH Trier Archived 10 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ ossig-stiftung.de: Stiftungszweck Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ^ bistummainz.de: Über uns
  55. ^ bistummainz.de: Julia Klöckner im Kuratorium der Stiftung Weltkirche
  56. ^ zdk.de: ZdK-Mitgliederliste
  57. ^ cdurlp.de: Pressemitteilung Nr. 106/2011 – 23.09.2011 Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on 24 December 2011
  58. ^ caritas-kh.de: Förderverein der Christlichen Hospizbewegung Bad Kreuznach, ambulanter Dienst e. V. Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ mehrgenerationenhaeuser.de: Wer wir sind Archived 24 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  60. ^ aktion-niere.de: Unsere Schirmfrau Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  61. ^ aktion-deutsche-sprache.de: Ehrenmitgliedschaft für Julia Klöckner
  62. ^ kinder-in-not-hilfe.de: Die Botschafter der Guten Taten Archived 25 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ^ markenverband.de: Preisträger für Verbraucherjournalistenpreis 2010 ausgezeichnet
  64. ^ Annett Meiritz und Gregor Peter Schmitz (17 April 2014). "EU-Bürgerbegehren: Kulturkampf um den Keim des Lebens". spiegel.de. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  65. ^ Peter Müller and Merlind Theile, 21 November 2012, Let Down By the Chancellor: Merkel's Passive Gender Equality Policy Could Backfire Der Spiegel.
  66. ^ Government seeks boardroom gender quota only in 2020 Deutsche Welle, 15 April 2014.
  67. ^ Alexandra Hudson, Andreas Rinke and Hans-Edzard Busemann, 19 May 2014, Germany says Turkey's Erdogan welcome despite mounting criticism Reuters.
  68. ^ Harriet Torry, 19 May 2014, Berlin Urges Erdogan to Show Restraint at German Rally Wall Street Journal.
  69. ^ Harriet Torry (29 September 2014), Images Said to Show Abuse of Asylum Seekers in Germany Wall Street Journal.
  70. ^ CDU state politician calls for banning burkas in Germany Deutsche Welle, 1 December 2014.
  71. ^ "German conservatives renew calls for a burqa ban | DW | 02.08.2019". DW.COM.
  72. ^ Christiane Hoffmann and René Pfister, 14 January 2013, Germany and Israel: A Relationship Full of Misunderstandings Germany and Israel: A Relationship Full of Misunderstandings Der Spiegel.
  73. ^ heise online: Bundespräsidenten-Wahl: Ergebnis per SMS und Twitter verkündet, retrieved 26 May 2009
  74. ^ faz.net: Die Weinkönigin und der Bundeshotte, retrieved 25 July 2009
  75. ^ heise online: „Twitter-Affäre“ beschäftigt Bundestagspräsidium, retrieved 27 May 2009
  76. ^ "Nestle video leads to lobbying accusations against German minister - 06.06.2019". DW.COM. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  77. ^ Bundeslandwirtschaftsministerin Klöckner über ihren Lebensgefährten: Er macht mir jeden Morgen Kaffee, auch um 5 Uhr Bild, 5 September 2018.
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