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Hyloxalus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hyloxalus
Cream-backed poison frog (H. subpunctatus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Subfamily: Hyloxalinae
Genus: Hyloxalus
Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
Type species
Hyloxalus fuliginosus
Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
Species

63 species (see text)

Synonyms[1]

Phyllodromus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
Hylixalus Boulenger, 1882
Cryptophyllobates Lötters, Jungfer, and Widmer, 2000

Hyloxalus is a genus of poison dart frogs, family Dendrobatidae.[1][2][3][4] The genus is distributed in Central and South America, from Panama south to Peru (along the Pacific coast), along with Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. They also inhabit the eastern foothills of the Andes in Bolivia to Venezuela, east to the upper Amazon Basin.[1]

Description

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Hyloxalus are small to moderate-size frogs, ranging from about 19 to 33 mm (0.7 to 1.3 in) in snout–vent length.[4] Most species have cryptic, brown, gray, or black dorsal coloration, but some have conspicuous, bright colors (e.g., Hyloxalus azureiventris). A pale oblique lateral stripe is always present. Toe webbing is absent in most species but is present in some species and can even be extensive. Fingers bear narrow to moderately expanded discs.[5]

Frog on forest floor
Hyloxalus anthracinus

Reproduction

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Most species deposits their eggs in terrestrial nests and transport the tadpoles to pools on the forest floor or in backwaters of streams. Hyloxalus chlorocraspedus uses pools formed in fallen trees.[4]

Species

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As of early 2022, there are 63 recognized species:[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Hyloxalus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  2. ^ "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  3. ^ "Hyloxalus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870". Biolib.cz. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 490. OCLC 839312807.
  5. ^ Grant, Taran; Frost, Darrel R.; Caldwell, Janalee P.; Gagliardo, Ron; Haddad, Célio F.B.; Kok, Philippe J.R.; Means, D. Bruce; Noonan, Brice P.; Schargel, Walter E. & Wheeler, Ward C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5803.