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Hutan Ashrafian

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Hutan Ashrafian
Alma mater
Occupation(s)Academic
surgeon
Employer(s)British American Tobacco (2020-2021)
Flagship Pioneering
Known forAshrafian thoracotomy, surgical procedure, and the Ashrafian sign aortic regurgitation

Hutan Ashrafian is an academic, cardiothoracic surgeon, robotic surgeon, bariatric surgeon, computational biologist, immunologist, entrepreneur, historian, writer, martial artist and philosopher.[1][2][3] He is the current chief scientific officer of Preemptive Health and Medicine at Flagship Pioneering.[4]

Ashrafian thoracotomy, surgical procedure, and the Ashrafian sign aortic regurgitation are named after him.[5] He introduced the AIonAI law for artificial intelligence.[6]

Early life and education

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Ashrafian attended the Westminster School and then University College London, where he completed Bachelor of Science in immunology and cell pathology and subsequently a medical degree (MD) in 2000.[4] Following London-based surgical training in pediatric cardiothoracic surgery, robotic surgery, general surgery with specialist training in bariatric surgery, in 2015, he finished his Wellcome Trust PhD in computational biology and surgery from Imperial College London and was appointed National Institute for Health and Care Research clinical lecturer.[4]

Ashrafian also holds a Master of Business Administration from Warwick Business School, graduated in 2017.[4]

Career

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Ashrafian was appointed as Chief Scientific Adviser at the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London in 2017.[4]

In 2017, he co-founded Oxford Medical Products along with Jan Czenurska to treat overweight and obesity with a novel hydrogel.[7]

In September 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, he became the chief medical officer of British American Tobacco where he developed a plant-based COVID-19 vaccine with its subsidiary KBP, and served there until August 2021.[8]

In August 2021, he was appointed as the chief scientific officer of Flagship Pioneering.[9][10]

Ashrafian is Professor of Research Impact at Leeds University Business School and also Senior Research Fellow at Imperial College London.[11][12][13] He has worked on documentaries for BBC and Smithsonian Channel.[14][15]

Research

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Ashrafian's research is focused on a wide programme ranging from life sciences, philosophy of science and artificial intelligence, ancient history and art. In the life sciences these focus on mechanistic and clinical therapeutic solutions in obesity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, gut microbiome dysfunction, and musculoskeletal dysfunction.[16] In a research published in 2014, he concluded that social networking programs can help reduce the obesity.[17]

Philosophical contributions include those in areas of physiology, the Simulation Argument, temporal paradoxes in theoretical physics and artificial intelligence interactions (AIonAI law) and psychiatry, AI and politics and the Turing Test.[6] In artificial intelligence field, Ashrafian is one of the authors of STARD-AI protocol,[18] a reporting guideline for artificial intelligence, and QUADAS-AI, a quality assessment tool for artificial intelligence.[19] He is considered one of the leading researchers in artificial intelligence.[20]

In ancient history his work includes books on contextualizing historical events and figures such as Alexander the Great and Xenophon with accurate timelines and scientific explanations of occurrences.[21] This extends in separating myth from legend in classical Greek and Homeric poetry and explaining the medical diseases prominent historical characters such as the Pharaohs Tutankhamun, Akhenaten, Julius Caesar and Henry VIII's multiple marriages and behaviour which have subsequently featured in documentaries where Ashrafian is interviewed.[22][21]

His 2012 work on the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, theorized that the Pharaoh Tutankhamun had temporal epilepsy that led to his early demise.[23][12][15] The book he co-authored with his student Francesco Maria Galassi, named Julius Caesar's Disease: A New Diagnosis.[24][25][26] was reviewed by Spyros Retsas of the British Society for the History of Medicine and Neurological Sciences.[27][28]

In art, he has worked on identifying diseases, and previously unrecognized anatomical and pathological features in over 60 famous artworks that includes those in the Renaissance, and ancient art. This includes the work of Leonardo da Vinci, where he identified a hernia in da Vinci's famous image, the Vitruvian Man.[29]

Awards and recognition

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Bibliography

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Books

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  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2014). Warrior Origins: The Historical and Legendary Links Between Bodhidharma, Shaolin Kung-Fu, Karate and Ninjutsu
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2015). Surgical Philosophy: Concepts of Modern Surgery Paralleled to Sun Tzu's 'Art of War'
  • Galassi, Francesco Maria; Ashrafian, Hutan (2016). Julius Caesar's Disease: A New Diagnosis
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2016). The Diary of Hannibal Barca: A Chronological Retrospect Centered on Polybius' Histories III
  • Ashrafian, Hutan; Ahmed, Kamran; Khan, Muhammad Shamim; Athanasiou, Thanos (2016). The Pocket Guide to Neoplasm
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2017). The Diary of Alexander the Great: A Chronological Retrospect Centred On Arrian's Anabasis Alexandri
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2017). The Diary of Xenophon's Anabasis: A Chronological Retrospect
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2017). Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Application
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2018). Surgical Eponyms: For General Surgery FRCS, MRCS, European and American Board Exams
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2018). The Diary of Homer's Odyssey: A Chronological Retrospect
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2019). The Diary of Homer's Iliad: A Chronological Retrospect
  • Ashrafian, Hutan (2019). The Diary of Jason and the Argonauts: A Chronological Retrospect of Apollonius Rhodius' Argonuatica
  • Lidströmer, Niklas; Ashrafian, Hutan (2022). Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Selected publications

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  • Ashrafian, Hutan et al. (2020). International evaluation of an AI system for breast cancer screening
  • Ashrafian, Hutan et al. (2011). Understanding the role of gut microbiome–host metabolic signal disruption in health and disease
  • Ashrafian, Hutan et al. (2011). Metabolic surgery profoundly influences gut microbial–host metabolic cross-talk
  • Ashrafian, Hutan et al. (2010). Emotional intelligence in medicine: a systematic review through the context of the ACGME competencies
  • Ashrafian, Hutan et al. (2012). Technologies for global health

References

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  1. ^ Daley, Jason. "Doctors Diagnose Diseases of Subjects in Two Famous Paintings". Smithsonian Magazine.
  2. ^ "Word of God". New Scientist.
  3. ^ "How doctors can use social media as an obesity reduction tool". PBS NewsHour. 10 September 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Hutan Ashrafian". Bloomberg.
  5. ^ Ward, James (2019). The Square Mile Murder.
  6. ^ a b Begishev, Ildar; Khisamova, Zarina; Vasyukov, Vitaly (2021). "From robotics technology to environmental crimes involving robots". E3S Web of Conferences. 244: 12029. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202124412029. ISSN 2267-1242.
  7. ^ Tucker, Charlotte (24 March 2021). "Oxford Medical Products raises €1.3 million for its safe weight loss tech, led by Ada Ventures".
  8. ^ "British American Tobacco – BAT announces appointment of Dr Hutan Ashrafian as Chief Medical Officer".
  9. ^ Zhang, Joe; Budhdeo, Sanjay; William, Wasswa; Cerrato, Paul; Shuaib, Haris; Sood, Harpreet; Ashrafian, Hutan; Halamka, John; Teo, James T. (15 September 2022). "Moving towards vertically integrated artificial intelligence development". npj Digital Medicine. 5 (1): 143. doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00690-x. PMC 9474277. PMID 36104535. S2CID 252282350.
  10. ^ "Hutan Ashrafian".
  11. ^ Hall, Emily. "King Tutankhamun's short life laid bare" – via The Times.co.uk.
  12. ^ a b "Tutankhamun's death and the birth of monotheism". New Scientist.
  13. ^ "Can you trust a robot surgeon?". 27 June 2017.
  14. ^ "Shock revelations as Egypt's King Tut unmasked". Al Arabiya English. 20 October 2014.
  15. ^ a b "Tut, Tut: New View of King Tutankhamun Sparks Debate". NBC News.
  16. ^ "Hutan Ashrafian".
  17. ^ "Slim down with social media". Calgary Herald. ProQuest 1562985307.
  18. ^ Sounderajah, Viknesh; Ashrafian, Hutan; Aggarwal, Ravi; De Fauw, Jeffrey; Denniston, Alastair K.; Greaves, Felix; Karthikesalingam, Alan; King, Dominic; Liu, Xiaoxuan; Markar, Sheraz R.; McInnes, Matthew D. F.; Panch, Trishan; Pearson-Stuttard, Jonathan; Ting, Daniel S. W.; Golub, Robert M.; Moher, David; Bossuyt, Patrick M.; Darzi, Ara (5 June 2020). "Developing specific reporting guidelines for diagnostic accuracy studies assessing AI interventions: The STARD-AI Steering Group". Nature Medicine. 26 (6): 807–808. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0941-1. hdl:10044/1/85586. PMID 32514173. S2CID 219542947 – via www.nature.com.
  19. ^ Sounderajah, Viknesh; Ashrafian, Hutan; Rose, Sherri; Shah, Nigam H.; Ghassemi, Marzyeh; Golub, Robert; Kahn, Charles E.; Esteva, Andre; Karthikesalingam, Alan; Mateen, Bilal; Webster, Dale; Milea, Dan; Ting, Daniel; Treanor, Darren; Cushnan, Dominic; King, Dominic; McPherson, Duncan; Glocker, Ben; Greaves, Felix; Harling, Leanne; Ordish, Johan; Cohen, Jérémie F.; Deeks, Jon; Leeflang, Mariska; Diamond, Matthew; McInnes, Matthew D. F.; McCradden, Melissa; Abràmoff, Michael D.; Normahani, Pasha; Markar, Sheraz R.; Chang, Stephanie; Liu, Xiaoxuan; Mallett, Susan; Shetty, Shravya; Denniston, Alastair; Collins, Gary S.; Moher, David; Whiting, Penny; Bossuyt, Patrick M.; Darzi, Ara (5 October 2021). "A quality assessment tool for artificial intelligence-centered diagnostic test accuracy studies: QUADAS-AI". Nature Medicine. 27 (10): 1663–1665. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01517-0. PMID 34635854. S2CID 238635700.
  20. ^ Young-Powell, Abby (11 August 2020). "AI in cancer care: how COVID is speeding up adoption".
  21. ^ a b Galassi, Francesco M.; Habicht, Michael E.; Rühli, Frank J. (1 May 2016). "Henry VIII's head trauma". The Lancet Neurology. 15 (6): 552. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30006-0. PMID 27302124. S2CID 10496605 – via www.thelancet.com.
  22. ^ Hall, Emily. "King Tutankhamun's short life laid bare". The Times.
  23. ^ "The real King Tut revealed: Weak, infirm and not much to look at". The Washington Post. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  24. ^ Criado, Miguel Ángel (18 February 2017). "Médicos en la máquina del tiempo". El País – via elpais.com.
  25. ^ "Las enfermedades de los líderes que pudieron cambiar la historia". BBC News Mundo. 25 April 2015.
  26. ^ Criado, Miguel Ángel (10 April 2015). "Julio César pudo sufrir derrames cerebrales en lugar de epilepsia". El País.
  27. ^ "Book review. Julius Caesar's Disease: A New Diagnosis by Francesco M Galassi and Hutan Ashrafian" (PDF). bshm.org.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  28. ^ Traversari, Mirko (1 January 2017). "Francesco M. Galassi and Hutan Ashrafian: Julius Caesar's disease: a new diagnosis". Neurological Sciences. 38 (1): 209–210. doi:10.1007/s10072-017-2820-1. S2CID 7391081 – via Springer Link.
  29. ^ Griggs, Mary Beth. "Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man May Not Have Been a Flawless Picture of Health". Smithsonian Magazine.
  30. ^ Ashrafian, Hutan; Roux, Carel W. le; Rowland, Simon P.; Ali, Mariam; Cummin, Andrew R.; Darzi, Ara; Athanasiou, Thanos (1 May 2012). "Metabolic surgery and obstructive sleep apnoea: the protective effects of bariatric procedures". Thorax. 67 (5): 442–449. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.151225. PMID 21709167. S2CID 1251344 – via thorax.bmj.com.
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