Honorio Delgado

Honorio Delgado
Born	27 September 1892  Arequipa
Died	27 November 1969  (aged 77) Lima
Alma mater	National University of San Marcos National University of San Agustín
Occupation	Psychiatrist, philosopher
Awards	Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise (1949) Palmas Magisteriales (1965)

Honorio Delgado Espinosa (September 26, 1892 - November 28, 1969) was a Peruvian teacher, creative researcher, humanist, philosopher, linguist, and scholar. Born in Arequipa, Peru, Delgado graduated from Lima's School of Psychology at the National University of San Marcos.

Biography

The early part of Delgado's career was marked by an adherence to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic principles and included frequent correspondence with him that extended until the late 1930s, long after Delgado had distanced himself ideologically from Freud. By the mid-1930s, Delgado had developed an interest in phenomenology. He contributed to biological developments in the treatment of psychiatric disorders by the use of sodium nucleate in the management of psychotic agitation in 1917 and the use of phenobarbital for the control of seizures in 1919. He was the first in Latin America to apply malaria therapy in the treatment of general paresis and the use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia. In 1957, he co-founded the Collegium International Neuro-Psychopharmacological in Zurich.

Delgado was a member of the exclusive Real Academia Española, headquartered in Madrid. He authored more than 450 articles and two dozen books on topics such as personality and character, the rehumanization of scientific culture, the spiritual formation of the individual, as well as ecology and existentialism. In 1918 he co-founded the first psychiatric journal in Latin America, Revista de Psiquiatria y Disciplines Conexas (Journal of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines), the predecessor of the contemporary Revista de Psiquiatria (Journal of Psychiatry). In 1953, he published a textbook of psychiatry.

As Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at San Marcos University for almost 30 years, Delgado recruited and mentored a group of academics and researchers that came to be known across Latin America as the Peruvian School of Psychiatry. One of his contributions to the field of psychopathology was the description of three fundamental concepts in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia: the disjunction between the inner and outer world of the patient (autism), the disjunction of the ego with respect to the content of consciousness, and the breakdown of basic categories of knowledge. He also anticipated the crucial role of attention and cognition in the phenomenology of schizophrenia, a process that he called atelesis, or the failure in the intentionality of thought. Another one of Delgado's contributions was his anticipation of the development of the current psychiatric nomenclature, represented by the DSM series. Since the early 1950s, he had advocated the use of accurate descriptive diagnostic criteria, free of ideological biases and based on a multifactorial causality, with appropriate recognition of the biological basis of mental illness and of the hierarchization of descriptive criteria. At the same time, he emphasized the need for research to demonstrate diagnostic validity and for the recognition of different levels of operations of the human psyche.