Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament

The Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament was a 1986 protest march that crossed the length of the United States to raise awareness of nuclear proliferation and to advocate for complete, verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons from the earth. The Great Peace March consisted of hundreds of people, mostly but not exclusively Americans, who left Los Angeles, California on March 1, 1986. Despite financial difficulties which drove the march's organizers into bankruptcy shortly after it began, the marchers themselves took control of the event and continued onward. They successfully completed the full route of 3,700 mi (6,000 km) and arrived in Washington, D.C., on November 15, 1986.

The march

The Great Peace March was conceived by Los Angeles businessman David Mixner, who formed People Reaching Out for Peace (PRO-Peace), a non-profit organization, to fund the trek. Mixner, an experienced political consultant, began planning for the event in 1984 after his work for the Gary Hart presidential campaign ended in failure,^[1]^[2] and announced his plans for the march at the Los Angeles Press Club in April 1985.^[3]

PRO-Peace hoped to attract corporate sponsors to provide funding for the march, akin to other major charity events of the mid-1980s like Live Aid, Farm Aid, and Hands Across America. However, the issue of nuclear disarmament proved to be too politically controversial for most of the companies PRO-Peace approached, and fundraising fell well below expectations.^[1]

Beginning in early February, marchers gathered in a park in Reseda, California to await the beginning of the journey.^[4] The march was supposed to begin with a star-studded benefit concert at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on March 1, but this plan had to be scaled down after PRO-Peace struggled to convince major artists to appear for free.^[5] The Coliseum still served as the starting point of the march on that date, but the send-off ceremonies were moved a few miles down the road to City Hall, where Mayor Tom Bradley and numerous Hollywood actors wished the marchers well and Melissa Manchester, Holly Near, and Mr. Mister performed on a temporary stage. The 1,200 marchers – about a quarter of the 5,000 that PRO-Peace had hoped to attract – then proceeded to their first overnight campsite on the California State University, Los Angeles campus.^[1]

Despite large and well-publicized contributions from celebrities including Barbra Streisand, who gave the march half the proceeds from her rendition of "Somewhere",^[6] and Paul Newman, PRO-Peace had raised less than $4 million by the time the march began.^[2] It was estimated that the march's total expenses would be about $21 million,^[7] nearly half of which would be needed just to feed the marchers along the way.^[8] Caltrans required event organizers to purchase an insurance policy covering at least $5 million in damages before the marchers would be allowed to travel along state highways, but PRO-Peace was unable to afford this much insurance coverage.^[9] With logistical problems cropping up and uncertainty as to whether they would even be allowed to cross the Cajon Pass out of San Bernardino, over 200 participants dropped out of the march in the first two days, before it had even left the Los Angeles suburbs.^[8]^[2]

After March 3, however, the group of marchers remained stable at a population of roughly 975^[10] or 980. Although it was impossible to exit San Bernardino to the north without using state roadways, the insurance problem was avoided by having buses transport the marchers much of the way to Hesperia. Six marchers were allowed to follow the entire route on foot to complete the symbolic link.^[11]

On March 10, the marchers arrived at a campsite eight miles south of Barstow, planning to hold a peace rally at Barstow Community College the next morning and then proceed through the city and further into the desert. However, the college refused to host the rally without liability insurance, while cold and heavy rains incapacitated several marchers^[12] and made further progress impossible.^[13]^[14] With serious concerns about the safety of marchers in the Mojave Desert and PRO-Peace almost $500,000 in debt, the march remained stalled outside of Barstow for several days.^[12]^[15]

As supplies ran low, several hundred people left the march. On March 14, Mixner announced to the remaining marchers that PRO-Peace would fold due to its growing debt.^[16] The next day, marchers established a new non-profit organization, The Great Peace March for Nuclear Disarmament Inc., which took control of as much of PRO-Peace's facilities and equipment as possible, while other equipment was seized and repossessed by creditors.^[17]^[18] The roughly 500 participants that remained then walked 10 miles to a BMX track on the north side of Barstow, which already had its own liability insurance, ensuring that the marchers would not have to pay that cost themselves.^[19] The group began raising funds to continue onward, and in the meantime offered acts of community service to the city of Barstow.^[20] The 300 marchers that remained after two weeks in Barstow left the city on March 28 to proceed through the desert toward Las Vegas.^[21] Along the way, they democratically elected a "city council" and a board of directors for the new organization.^[22]

The march arrived at the Nevada state line near Primm on April 4, but marchers were forced to wait again while organizers searched for campsites in Nevada they could use.^[23] During this time, about 100 of the 320 participants were driven to the Nevada Test Site to join the ongoing protests against the Mighty Oak nuclear test, where dozens were arrested for trespassing alongside Daniel Ellsberg and members of Greenpeace.^[24] The remaining marchers ceremonially crossed the state border on April 8, although both the California and Nevada highway patrol agencies said their campsite for the past few days had been just within Nevada all along.^[25] On April 10, the march reached Sunset Park in Las Vegas,^[26] 19 days behind schedule.^[27] The arrival in Las Vegas coincided with a $25,000 donation to the march from Paul Newman, a substantial boost for an organization that was spending $3,000 a day.^[26] Marchers walked down the Las Vegas Strip on April 12,^[28] then spent the night staying at people's homes on the northeast side of the city before resuming their journey across the desert.^[29] Most of those who were arrested at the Test Site were released from jail after six days and rejoined the march northeast of Las Vegas.^[30]

Briefly crossing the Arizona Strip, a group of marchers traveled to Kingman and received a proclamation in their honor from Arizona governor Bruce Babbitt.^[31]^[32] With the help of a rabbi from Las Vegas, the marchers held a Passover seder in Hurricane, Utah.^[33] On April 24, two marchers who broke from the group to hitchhike to Zion National Park were in a truck that rolled over, killing 24-year-old marcher Cynthia Carlson.^[34]

The Utah Department of Transportation warned marchers against trying to cross the unpopulated San Rafael Desert on foot, due to the lack of facilities, the absence of shoulders along the road, and the potential risks of contracting hoof-and-mouth disease and giardia.^[35] March organizers agreed to be bused from Cove Fort to Salt Lake City, giving them an opportunity to stage public events and raise money in a major city the marchers otherwise would not have visited, before returning to the originally planned route at Cisco, Utah. This detour also allowed marchers to make up for some of the time they had lost in Barstow.^[36] Approximately 50 participants broke off from the main group near Beaver on April 29 and began to march eastward, determined to cross the country on foot without the approval of the march organization or Utah state authorities.^[37]^[38] These marchers continued until they reached Cisco and completed the cross-country link.^[39]^[40] Part of this group then became an "evaluation team" which lagged a few days behind the main march, surveying local residents to determine what effect the march had had on the community.^[41] A similar group covered the route through De Beque Canyon east of Grand Junction, Colorado, which the main group could not follow because of road construction on the narrow alignment of I-70,^[42] as well as through Glenwood Canyon.^[41]

The marchers celebrated Mother's Day by having those among them who were mothers and their children lead the walk to Parachute, Colorado.^[43] On May 22, the march crossed the Continental Divide at Loveland Pass, thus climbing to the highest elevation of their cross-country route at 11,992 feet. May 22 had been planned as a rest day, but marchers crossed the divide a day early to avoid an incoming snowstorm.^[44] In Lawson, Colorado, marchers met with poet Allen Ginsberg, who joined some members of the group in a protest at Rocky Flats Plant.^[45] Also while in Lawson, marchers joined hands with local residents for "Feet Across America", staged at the same time as the nationwide Hands Across America event, which did not pass through Colorado.^[46] Along the way into Denver, marchers met with Colorado lieutenant governor Nancy E. Dick and congresswoman Pat Schroeder, and stayed at Red Rocks Amphitheatre with folk singer Pete Seeger, who performed for the group.^[47] In Denver, two marchers who had fallen in love along the trek in California were married at a local church.^[48] A rally at the Colorado State Capitol was joined by thousands of local residents, with another performance by Holly Near, and mayor Federico Peña praised the undertaking.^[49]

Having crossed through the Rocky Mountains, the flatter terrain of eastern Colorado and Nebraska allowed marchers to pick up the pace, averaging more than 20 miles a day compared to the originally planned 15 miles per day, in the hopes of catching up with the original itinerary for the march.^[50] On June 6, marchers hiked more than 25 miles from Fort Morgan to Merino in a single day.^[51] In Nebraska, marchers were met with a severe heatwave, and some suffered sunburns and risked heat stroke, unused to the humid conditions after three months in the arid West. The march crossed the 100th meridian, often considered the dividing line between west and east, on June 19.^[52] That same day, actress Betty Thomas joined the march.^[53] The main body of the march reached Lincoln, Nebraska on June 29,^[54] two days earlier than the original schedule had projected.^[27]

Having caught back up with their planned itinerary, the marchers were able to honor their previous commitment to spend the Independence Day holiday in the Omaha area working with local peace groups. They had intended to spend July 4 staying on the campus of Creighton Preparatory School, but the school revoked its permission after learning that some marchers were planning to engage in civil disobedience that included entering restricted areas of Offutt Air Force Base, as part of a protest planned by other groups that was not sanctioned by the march organization. Having lost their Omaha campsite, the marchers crossed into Iowa two days early and spent the holiday at Lake Manawa State Park in Council Bluffs.^[55] About 100 of the 240 protesters arrested for trespassing at Offutt on July 6 were march participants; all were released shortly afterward.^[56]

Baba Ram Dass spoke to the assembled marchers in Treynor, Iowa.^[57] Pete Seeger joined the marchers again at nearby Lake Anita State Park, marking the march's 2,000th mile traveled from Los Angeles.^[58] A rally at the Iowa Statehouse in Des Moines was joined by gubernatorial candidate Lowell Junkins and secretary of state Mary Jane Odell.^[59] Approaching Davenport, marchers met with a group of Soviet and American citizens traveling down the Mississippi River on the historic Delta Queen steamboat as part of the Mississippi Peace Cruise.^[60] The march crossed the Mississippi River into Illinois on August 1. A group of marchers were arrested that morning after attempting to enter the Rock Island Arsenal, and were immediately released.^[61]

Marchers commemorated the 41st anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6 by freezing in place in Dixon, Illinois, the hometown of then-president Ronald Reagan.^[62]^[63] A similar observance was held three days later in Hinckley to mark the anniversary of the bombing of Nagasaki.^[64] In Chicago, marchers met with mayor Harold Washington at the Buckingham Fountain in Grant Park, although they were not allowed to camp in Grant Park as they had originally hoped due to a city ordinance passed after the 1968 Democratic National Convention protests.^[65]^[66] A rally in Lincoln Park was joined by Betty Thomas and Studs Terkel.^[67]

In northern Indiana, marchers were offered a potluck supper by local groups of Amish, who shared their desire for peace.^[68] The march route was planned to follow the Edison Bridge across Sandusky Bay in Ohio, but organizers were denied permission to cross the bridge days before their arrival due to the lack of shoulders along the span.^[69] Instead, marchers were ferried across the bay.^[70] Ohio governor Richard Celeste, senator Howard Metzenbaum, and congressman Louis Stokes met with marchers in Cleveland.^[71]^: 126 Roughly half of the marchers detoured from the official route in Aurora to visit Kent State University, site of the infamous 1970 fatal shootings of peace protesters.^[72]

In Pittsburgh, marchers joined unemployed steelworkers for a rally outside U.S. Steel's recently closed Homestead Steel Works.^[73] On October 4, two marchers were struck by a car while marching outside of Bedford, Pennsylvania, marking the first such accident of the march up to that point.^[74] Marchers met with Mitch Snyder and Philip Berrigan in Fort Loudon, and attended a Ralph Nader rally for Bob Edgar in Shippensburg.^[75]

On October 23, marchers crossed the George Washington Bridge into New York City, completing the cross-country phase of their journey.^[76] Some participants appeared that morning on The Phil Donahue Show.^[71]^: 140 A rally at the United Nations Building, coinciding with United Nations Day, was joined by Yoko Ono and Rev. Jesse Jackson.^[77]

The march visited Philadelphia on November 2 and 3, on the eve of the midterm elections, and were met by mayor Wilson Goode, Maggie Kuhn, and Graham Nash. Documents relating to the march were donated to the Swarthmore College Peace Collection, after marchers stayed the night on their campus just outside Philadelphia.^[71]^: 154

As originally planned, marchers arrived in Washington, D.C. on November 14. The march culminated with rallies in the capital on November 15, in Lafayette Square across from the White House (although President Reagan was at Camp David at the time) and finishing at the Lincoln Memorial. They were lauded by some prominent politicians, including Senator Tom Harkin, Representative Ed Markey, and Washington mayor Marion Barry.^[78] Harkin offered the marchers a letter of congratulations signed by 13 other senators, including Ted Kennedy and future presidential candidate John Kerry.^[71]^: 199 Equipment and leftover supplies from the march were sold off beginning on November 17, with proceeds going to fund future anti-war efforts.^[79] A final unofficial protest action was held that same day, with participants blocking doors to the James V. Forrestal Building, headquarters of the United States Department of Energy overseeing the nation's nuclear weapons program.^[80]

Activities

The traveling encampment of marchers was referred to as "Peace City", which had an elected city council as well as a ceremonial mayor, Diane Clark. In many of the cities the march passed through, a "Keys-and-Trees" ceremony was held, in which the local mayor would award the marchers a key to the city, Clark would reciprocate by offering a key to Peace City, and a commemorative "peace tree" or "peace pole" would be planted. The peace tree ceremony was introduced to the march by activist Caroline Killeen, who had previously cycled across the country planting trees as she went.^[71]^: 47–48^[81]

A lantern containing a flame derived from the eternal flame at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was carried along the march by members of Asian and Pacific Americans for Nuclear Awareness. Like the original flame in Japan, it was to be extinguished only when all nuclear weapons on Earth were dismantled and the threat of nuclear war was gone.^[82]

Among the amenities provided to marchers was a bookmobile which also served as a schoolhouse for the children that participated in the march, formally known as the Peace Academy Center for Education. The bookmobile received donations of books from libraries in the towns that the march passed through.^[83]

One of the most notable marchers was actor Robert Blake, who vowed at the beginning of the march to walk all the way to Washington.^[1] While Blake did not remain with the march for its entire duration, breaking from the group at times to drive back to Los Angeles and rejoining them later,^[84] he later described the march as a transformative experience that allowed him to escape a faltering career in Hollywood and to come to terms with the abuse he had received as a child actor.^[85]

Route

Below are listed the official rest stops taken by the main body of the Great Peace March each night. Throughout the duration of the march, some participants stayed elsewhere, often helping to make preparations for future stops or soliciting donations in nearby cities. Wherever the bulk of the marchers were unable to continue the journey on foot due to safety concerns, a smaller group of "Spirit Walkers" stayed behind to walk along an alternative route and complete the symbolic link, eventually catching back up with the larger march.^[71]^{: 194–196}

The national map shows only major stops along the route where marchers camped for multiple nights, typically in or near large cities. The regional maps below highlight these same major stops with a larger marker and labeled with the place name, while all of the nightly stops are shown with the default marker and no label. Some locations are approximate, particularly those far from any named settlement. All markers also serve as links to the article on the place in question, except where no such article exists, when they are clicked on or moused over.

California

March 1
Los Angeles

March 4-7
Devore Heights

March 10-28
Barstow

April 4-8
Primm

Before March 1: Preparations at Sepulveda Basin Park, Reseda^[4]
March 1: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to California State University, Los Angeles^[1]
March 2: Cal State LA to Santa Fe Dam Recreation Area, Irwindale^[8]
March 3: Irwindale to Claremont (no campsite)^[2]
March 4: Claremont to Glen Helen Regional Park, Devore Heights^[7]^[10]
March 5-6: Resting in Devore Heights^[10]
March 7: Devore Heights to Hesperia Lake Park in Hesperia (traveling mostly by bus)^[11]
March 8: Hesperia to Stoddard Wells Road near Bell Mountain (Mojave Desert)
March 9: Resting near Bell Mountain
March 10: Along Stoddard Wells Road to a site near Barstow^[86]
March 11-15: Resting near Barstow (financial difficulties prevented further progress)
March 16: Moved to new campsite at Barstow Rotary BMX, Barstow^[19]
March 17-27: Resting in Barstow
March 28: Barstow to private property in Yermo^[21]
March 29: Yermo to site near Albert Mountain^[21]
March 30: Albert Mountain to near Afton^[87]
March 31: Near Afton to near Silver Lake^[21]^[88]
April 1: Near Silver Lake to Riggs Wash near Baker^[21]^[89]
April 2: Riggs Wash to Shadow Valley near Mountain Pass, California^[21]^[90]
April 3: Resting in Shadow Valley (unplanned break due to tractor-trailer breakdown)^[90]^[91]
April 4: Shadow Valley to California state line at Primm, Nevada^[22]
April 5-7: Resting at state border near Primm^[23]

Nevada

April 4-8
Primm

April 10-13
Las Vegas

April 17-20
Mesquite

April 8: Primm to federal land near Jean^[92]
April 9: Near Jean to Sloan^[93]
April 10: Sloan to Sunset Park in Las Vegas^[26]
April 11: Resting in Sunset Park
April 12: Sunset Park to Heritage Hall (no campsite)
April 13: Las Vegas to BLM land near Nellis Air Force Base
April 14: Nellis to Moapa River Indian Reservation^[29]
April 15: Moapa River to BLM land southwest of Glendale^[30]
April 16: Southwest of Glendale to BLM land northeast of Glendale^[94]
April 17: Near Glendale to BLM land near Mesquite
April 18: Resting near Mesquite^[95]
April 19: Into the city of Mesquite^[96]

Arizona

April 20: Mesquite to Littlefield, Arizona^[31]

Utah

April 22-24
St. George

Apr 29-May 1
Beaver

May 3-4
Salt Lake City

May 4-6
Cisco

April 21: Littlefield to Shivwits Indian Reservation
April 22: Shivwits reservation to Green Valley, St. George^[97]
April 23: Resting in Green Valley^[98]
April 24: St. George to Harrisburg Junction, Hurricane
April 25: Hurricane to Pintura^[99]
April 26: Pintura to Kanarraville^[34]
April 27: Kanarraville to Summit^[100]
April 28: Summit to Paragonah^[101]
April 29: Paragonah to near Beaver
April 30: Resting near Beaver^[37]
May 1: Beaver to Pine Creek Grove
May 2: Pine Creek Grove to Cove Fort^[102]
May 3: Driven from Cove Fort to Salt Lake City^[103]
May 4: Driven from Salt Lake City to Cisco, Utah^[39]
May 5: Resting in Cisco

Colorado

May 8-10
Grand Junction

May 14-16
Glenwood Springs

May 18-20
Vail

May 29-Jun 1
Denver

June 7-9
Sterling

May 6: Cisco to Rabbit Valley^[104]^[105]
May 7: Rabbit Valley to near Fruita^[106]
May 8: Near Fruita to Grand Junction (no campsite)^[84]
May 9: Resting in Grand Junction^[107]
May 10: Grand Junction to Palisade,^[108] then bused to De Beque
May 11: De Beque to Parachute^[43]
May 12: Parachute to Lions Park, Rifle^[83]^[109]
May 13: Rifle to New Castle
May 14: New Castle to Glenwood Springs^[83]^[110]
May 15: Resting in Glenwood Springs
May 16: Driven from Glenwood Springs to Gypsum, then walked to Eagle^[41]
May 17: Eagle to Edwards
May 18: Edwards to Vail (no campsite)
May 19: Resting in Vail
May 20: Vail to Copper Mountain^[111]
May 21: Copper Mountain to Dillon^[44]
May 22: Dillon to Herman Gulch
May 23: Herman Gulch to Lawson^[112]
May 24-25: Resting in Lawson
May 26: Lawson to Chief Hosa Campground, Golden^[46]
May 27: Resting in Golden
May 28: Golden to Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Morrison^[46]
May 29: Red Rocks to Confluence Park, Denver^[48]
May 30-31: Resting in Denver
June 1: Denver to campsite near Commerce City (site now part of Denver International Airport)^[113]
June 2: Commerce City to Lochbuie^[114]
June 3: Lochbuie to Roggen
June 4: Roggen to Wiggins^[115]
June 5: Wiggins to Riverside Park, Fort Morgan
June 6: Fort Morgan to Merino^[50]
June 7: Merino to Sterling
June 8: Resting in Sterling^[51]
June 9: Sterling to Proctor^[116]
June 10: Proctor to Sedgwick^[117]

Nebraska

June 15-17
North Platte

June 23-25
Grand Island

Jun 29-Jul 1
Lincoln

July 3-7
Council Bluffs

June 11: Sedgwick to Big Springs^[117]
June 12: Big Springs to Keith County Fairgrounds, Ogallala^[118]
June 13: Ogallala to Paxton^[119]
June 14: Paxton to Sutherland
June 15: Sutherland to Cody Park, North Platte^[120]
June 16: Resting in North Platte
June 17: North Platte to Brady^[121]
June 18: Brady to Camp Rockhaven, Willow Island^[122]
June 19: Willow Island to Lexington
June 20: Lexington to Elm Creek
June 21: Elm Creek to Buffalo County Fairgrounds, Kearney^[123]
June 22: Kearney to Platte Valley Academy, Shelton
June 23: Shelton to Fonner Park, Grand Island^[124]
June 24: Resting in Grand Island
June 25: Grand Island to Hamilton County Fairgrounds, Aurora^[125]
June 26: Aurora to York
June 27: York to sheep pasture near Tamora^[126]
June 28: Tamora to Pawnee Lake State Recreation Area near Lincoln
June 29: Pawnee Lake to city-owned land near Oak Lake Park, Lincoln^[127]
June 30: Resting in Lincoln
July 1: Lincoln to Ashland
July 2: Ashland to private land near Prairie Queen Lake Recreation Area, Papillion^[55]

Iowa

July 3-7
Council Bluffs

July 10-12
Lake Anita

July 16-19
Des Moines

July 26-28
Iowa City

August 1-3
East Moline

July 3: Papillion to Lake Manawa State Park, Council Bluffs
July 4-6: Resting at Lake Manawa^[55]
July 7: Lake Manawa to farm field near Treynor
July 8: Treynor to Chautauqua Park, Oakland
July 9: Oakland to Cold Springs State Park near Lewis
July 10: Cold Springs to Lake Anita State Park, Anita
July 11: Resting at Lake Anita
July 12: Lake Anita to Adair
July 13: Adair to Stuart
July 14: Stuart to Bear Creek Friends Meetinghouse, Earlham
July 15: Earlham to Dallas County Fairgrounds, Adel
July 16: Adel to Living History Farms, Urbandale
July 17-18: Resting at Living History Farms^[128]
July 19: Urbandale to Mitchellville^[129]
July 20: Mitchellville to Woodland Park, Newton
July 21: Newton to Grinnell College, Grinnell^[130]
July 22: Grinnell to Brooklyn-Guernsey-Malcom High School, Brooklyn^[131]
July 23: Brooklyn to Ladora
July 24: Ladora to South Amana Pond, South Amana^[132]
July 25: South Amana to private land in Oxford^[133]
July 26: Oxford to Northwest Junior High School, Coralville
July 27: Resting in Coralville
July 28: Coralville to Scattergood School, West Branch^[134]
July 29: West Branch to Rural Electric Cooperative grounds, Wilton
July 30: Wilton to Walcott Intermediate School, Walcott^[135]
July 31: Walcott to Centennial Park, Davenport^[136]

Illinois

August 1-3
East Moline

August 9-11
Hinckley

August 14-18
Chicago

August 1: Davenport to Northeast Park, East Moline^[136]
August 2: Resting in East Moline
August 3: East Moline to Hillsdale
August 4: Hillsdale to Land's End campground, Prophetstown^[137]
August 5: Prophetstown to Sterling
August 6: Sterling to Dixon^[62]
August 7: Dixon to near Amboy
August 8: Amboy to private land in Shabbona
August 9: Shabbona to Hinckley^[64]
August 10: Resting in Hinckley
August 11: Hinckley to Aurora
August 12: Aurora to Sacred Heart Priory, Lisle^[65]
August 13: Lisle to Bethlehem Center, La Grange Park^[138]
August 14: La Grange to North Park Village Nature Center, Chicago^[65]
August 15-17: Resting in Chicago^[66]

Indiana

August 23-25
South Bend

August 18: Chicago to Wolf Lake Park, Hammond
August 19: Hammond to Marquette Park, Gary^[139]
August 20: Gary to Indiana Dunes State Park near Chesterton
August 21: Chesterton to LaPorte County Fairgrounds, LaPorte^[140]
August 22: LaPorte to Bourissa Hills Park, New Carlisle^[141]
August 23: New Carlisle to University of Notre Dame, South Bend
August 24: Resting in South Bend^[142]
August 25: South Bend to McNaughton Park in Elkhart
August 26: Elkhart to Eby's Pines near Bristol
August 27: Bristol to Shipshewana
August 28: Shipshewana to LaGrange
August 29: LaGrange to Crooked Lake Camp, Angola^[143]

Ohio

Aug 31-Sep 2
Montpelier

Sep. 4-6
Toledo

Sep. 7-9
Port Clinton

Sep. 12-15
Cleveland

Sep. 19-21
Youngstown

August 30: Angola to Columbia
August 31: Columbia to private land near Montpelier^[144]
September 1: Resting in Montpelier
September 2: Montpelier to private land near Wauseon^[145]
September 3: Wauseon to Swanton
September 4: Swanton to Lucas County Fairgrounds, Maumee
September 5: Resting in Maumee^[146]
September 6: Maumee to Oregon
September 7: Oregon to Bergman Orchards, Danbury Township
September 8: Resting in Danbury Township
September 9: Danbury Township to Osborn MetroPark, Huron^[69]^[70]
September 10: Huron to Vermilion Middle School, Vermilion^[147]
September 11: Vermilion to St. Joseph School, Avon Lake^[148]
September 12: Avon Lake to Edgewater Park, Cleveland^[149]
September 13-14: Resting in Cleveland
September 15: Cleveland to North Randall
September 16: North Randall to Geauga Lake, Aurora
September 17: Aurora to James A. Garfield High School, Garrettsville^[72]
September 18: Garrettsville to Warren Church of Christ, Warren
September 19: Warren to Wick Park, Youngstown^[150]
September 20: Resting in Youngstown
September 21: Youngstown to Petersburg

Pennsylvania

Sep. 25-27
Pittsburgh

Oct. 2-4
Bedford

Oct. 9-11
Harrisburg

Oct. 16-18
Allentown

September 22: Petersburg to Brady's Run Park, Beaver Falls
September 23: Beaver Falls to North Hills Unitarian Church, Franklin Park^[151]
September 24: Franklin Park to North Park near McCandless^[152]
September 25: North Park to Schenley Park, Pittsburgh
September 26: Resting in Pittsburgh
September 27: Pittsburgh to Renzie Park, McKeesport
September 28: McKeesport to Greensburg^[153]
September 29: Greensburg to Ligonier Playground, Ligonier^[154]
September 30: Ligonier to Jennerstown^[155]
October 1: Jennerstown to Schellsburg
October 2: Schellsburg to Bedford Fairgrounds, Bedford
October 3: Resting in Bedford^[156]
October 4: Bedford to Breezewood
October 5: Breezewood to Fulton County Fairgrounds, McConnellsburg^[157]
October 6: McConnellsburg to St. Thomas Township^[158]
October 7: St. Thomas to Shippensburg
October 8: Shippensburg to Carlisle Fairgrounds, Carlisle^[159]
October 9: Carlisle to Harrisburg
October 10: Resting in Harrisburg^[160]
October 11: Harrisburg to Campbelltown
October 12: Campbelltown to Lebanon Area Fairgrounds, North Cornwall Township^[161]
October 13: Lebanon to Robesonia
October 14: Robesonia to Reading
October 15: Reading to Kutztown Fairgrounds, Kutztown^[162]
October 16: Kutztown to Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, South Whitehall Township^[163]
October 17: Resting at Dorney Park

New Jersey

Oct. 16-18
Allentown

Oct. 23-28
New York City

Nov. 2-4
Philadelphia

October 18: Dorney Park to Delaware River Park, Phillipsburg^[164]
October 19: Phillipsburg to private land near Port Murray^[165]^[166]
October 20: Anderson to Crescent Field, Dover^[167]
October 21: Dover to Caldwell College, Caldwell^[168]
October 22: Caldwell to Overpeck County Park, Leonia^[166]

New York

October 23: Leonia to Randalls Island, New York City^[76]
October 24-25: Resting on Randalls Island
October 26: Randalls Island to Staten Island, New York City
October 27: Resting on Staten Island

New Jersey

October 28: Staten Island to Rahway
October 29: Rahway to Livingston College, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township^[169]
October 30: Piscataway to Princeton University, Princeton^[170]

Pennsylvania

October 31: Princeton to Core Creek Park, Middletown Township
November 1: Core Creek Park to Pennypack Park, Philadelphia
November 2: Pennypack Park to Fairmount Park, Philadelphia^[171]
November 3: Resting at Fairmount Park
November 4: Philadelphia to Swarthmore^[172]

Delaware

November 5: Swarthmore to New Castle Farmer's Market, New Castle^[173]

Maryland

Nov. 10-12
Baltimore

Nov. 14-15
Washington

November 6: New Castle to Fair Hill Fairgrounds, Fair Hill^[173]
November 7: Fair Hill to Rising Sun
November 8: Rising Sun to Hickory Elementary School, Hickory^[174]
November 9: Hickory to Perry Hall
November 10: Perry Hall to Memorial Stadium parking lot, Baltimore^[175]
November 11: Resting in Baltimore
November 12: Baltimore to Rockburn Branch Park, Elkridge^[176]
November 13: Elkridge to Ammendale Normal Institute, Beltsville^[79]

Washington, D.C.

November 14: Beltsville to St. Paul's College, Washington^[79]
November 15: St. Paul's College to the Lincoln Memorial^[78]

Outcomes

Writer Connie Fledderjohann, who had participated in the march, retraced its route and interviewed supporters and local residents throughout 1987 to assess the impact it had on the communities through which it passed. Fledderjohann concluded that many people who witnessed the march had been influenced by what they saw, and that the organization of the march had helped to inspire further protests against nuclear weapons.^[71]^{: 163–180} Contrary to expectations, marchers generally saw that their journey had a greater effect on people in small towns, where they were more conspicuous, compared to more populous cities where they were often ignored.^[71]

The model of the Great Peace March was followed by organizers of other protest events. Among the first was a trek across Florida in December 1986 and January 1987, protesting the first launch tests of the Trident II nuclear missile at Cape Canaveral.^[71]^{: 173–174} During the summer of 1987, a group of 200 Soviets and 200 Americans, including some who had helped to organize the Great Peace March, took part in the American-Soviet Peace Walk from Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) and Moscow in the Soviet Union. This walk was largely inspired by the Great Peace March, which had received substantial coverage in the Soviet press.^[71]^: 126^[177] Seeds of Peace, a group of organizers from the Great Peace March using equipment from the march, supported the Florida march and subsequently organized the New England Walk for Nuclear Disarmament in 1987, covering over 200 miles from Pease Air Force Base in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to the Electric Boat nuclear submarine plant in Groton, Connecticut.^[71]^: 175

The march also had similarities to several other cross-continental protests both before and after, although the Great Peace March was unusual in its scale and scope, with hundreds of participants at all points along the way. In particular, the Great Peace March was preceded by Walk of the People – A Pilgrimage for Life, which started in Southern California on March 1, 1984, reached Washington, D.C. in November of that year on its way to New York City, then was flown across the Atlantic and crossed Western Europe before being denied entry to East Germany. Journalist Kevin James Shay, who later wrote about his experience in the Walk of the People, walked with the Great Peace March for its first week in California.^[178]^[179]

More recently, Ed Fallon was inspired by his experience with the Great Peace March to organize the Great March for Climate Action, which was held in 2014.^[180]

While the march's central objective of total worldwide nuclear disarmament has not been achieved, some of its smaller protest targets have disappeared or have been significantly reduced in the decades since. The Rocky Flats Plant was shut down due to safety concerns in 1989 and formally decommissioned in 1992. President Reagan had rejected calls for a moratorium on nuclear testing since taking office in 1981, but his administration restarted negotiations to do so in 1987.^[181] The Great Peace March was followed shortly after by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, removing the impetus for the nuclear arms race. The United States ultimately ended all of its nuclear weapons testing in 1992, as it entered into negotiations for the international Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. While the treaty has not entered into force, no nation other than North Korea has tested a nuclear weapon since 1998. Since 1986, the United States' nuclear stockpile has been reduced from 22,995^[182] to 3,708,^[183] while total global stockpiles peaked in 1986 at 70,300 and have since been reduced to 13,890.^[184]

The Great Peace March has been the subject of several books written by marchers and supporters (see the "Resources" section below), as well as a documentary film, Just One Step, directed by Cathy Zheutlin.^[185]

Resources

Film

Just One Step was a documentary film of the Great Peace March by Cathy Zheutlin, edited by James Knight^[185]

Books

The Great Peace March: An American Odyssey (Peacewatch Edition) by Franklin Folsom, Connie Fledderjohann, and Gerda Lawrence
Feet Across America by New Zealand marcher Anne Macfarlane^[186]
Walking For Our Lives by marcher Donna Rankin Love^[187]
Spirit Walk: The Great Peace March of 1986 by Martin Vincent Hippie, 2012.
Peace Like a River: A Personal Journey Across America by Sue Guist^[188]
Lost Journals from the Great Peace March by Gene Gordon^[189]
A Strange Place Called Home: My Walk Across America on the Great Peace March by Laura Monagan^[190]
The Great Peace March, song by Holly Near adapted into children's book, with paintings by Lisa Desimini^[191]
Central Body: The Art of Guy Colwell, including work from the years 1964 to 1991. Includes a section of his sketches of the G.P.M.^[192]
"Pit Stop For The Angels" by Bill Patterson. This book contains sketches of the marchers and the places they stayed throughout the march.
Walking to Japan—a Memoir by Derek Youngs & Carolyn Affleck Youngs, 2016. This book contains several chapters about the Great Peace March.
The Prince of Peace City, a novel based on the Great Peace March by marcher Lee W. Anderson, 2016.

Research

Peace March: Process = Success, Conflict Resolution Consortium, Working Paper 90-3, May 1990. By Lynne Ihlstrom, Department of Sociology, University of Colorado at Boulder.^[193]
Dain TePoel, "Endurance Activism: Transcontinental Walking, the Great Peace March and the Politics of Movement Culture." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Iowa, 2018.^[194]
Dain TePoel, "Meaning by Doing: The Making of Endurance Activism on the 1986 Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament." Sports History Review 51, no. 2 (2020): 164-185.^[195]
Kyle Harvey, American Anti-nuclear Activism, 1975-1990: The Challenge of Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Chapter 7.^[196]

Music

Wild Wimmin For Peace CD^[197]
Lyrics for song from Wild Wimmin CD-Bridgett Evans by Judy Small^[198]
"No More Silence" YouTube video. Song written by marcher Darryl Purpose. This updated version sung by Clan Dyken with new rap added.^[199]
No More Silence lyrics.^[200]
Beautiful Planet by Michael Krieger. Scroll down to "Look Inside" CD.^[201]

Articles written by marchers

"A Laboratory in Democracy: Revisiting the Great Peace March" by Steve Brigham^[202]
"How to Make a Decision Without Making a Decision" (written for Communities magazine, Winter 2000) by Tom Atlee^[203]
"The Tao of Democracy" by Tom Atlee^[204]

Audio interviews

"The Wisdom of the Whole", audio of Tom Atlee^[205]
"Audio interview with New Zealand marcher Maynie Thompson"^[206]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Stein, George. "Rally Spirit Starts Trek for Peace", Los Angeles Times, March 2, 1986, Part II, pages 1 and 2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "All is not harmony with idealistic Peace March", McClatchy News Service, via Redding Record Searchlight, March 4, 1986, page A-9.
^ "5,000 Sought for Anti-Nuclear Trek in 1986", Los Angeles Times, April 8, 1985, Part I, page 22.
^ ^a ^b Smith, Doug. "Peace March's Tent City Rises in Reseda", Los Angeles Times, February 4, 1986, Part II, page 6.
^ Hendrix, Kathleen. "Peace March Organizers Cancel Send-off Concert", Los Angeles Times, February 17, 1986, Part IV, page 7.
^ Raebeck, Wendy. "Go: The 'Impossible Dream' Hits the Road", LA Weekly, March 6, 1986, pages 22, 23, and 25.
^ ^a ^b Gomes, Ruth. "'Better world' his goal", Hanford Sentinel, March 5, 1986, front page.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Peace March loses steam 23 miles from the start", UPI, via Ventura County Star, March 3, 1986, page B-7.
^ "Insurance woes stymie peace march", Associated Press, via San Bernardino County Sun, March 1, 1986, pages B-1 and 25.
^ ^a ^b ^c Whitehair, John. "Peace march takes break in Devore", San Bernardino County Sun, March 6, 1986, page B-1.
^ ^a ^b Couey, William. "Peace marchers take the bus instead", Victorville Daily Press, March 7, 1986, front page and page A5.
^ ^a ^b Pollock, Kent. "Peace march foundering on financial rocks", McClatchy News Service, via Victorville Daily Press, March 12, 1986, pages A1 and A2.
^ "Marchers reach Barstow", Victorville Daily Press, March 11, 1986, page A-2.
^ "Peace Marchers Still Miles From Barstow", Desert Dispatch, March 11, 1986, front page.
^ Whitehair, John, and Chuck Mueller. "Walkers will decide next step in peace march", San Bernardino County Sun, March 13, 1986, pages B-1 and A2.
^ "Debt stops peace march in its tracks", Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 15, 1986, page 6A.
^ "Marchers Take Control Of Trek", Desert Dispatch, March 15, 1986, front page.
^ Hendrix, Kathleen. "Great Peace March Stalled in Barstow, but 560 Still Struggle to Continue Trip", Los Angeles Times, March 16, 1986, Part II, page 3.
^ ^a ^b "Peace hikers set up new camp", Associated Press, via Palm Springs Desert Sun, March 17, 1986, page A3.
^ Gorman, Linda. "City, Marchers Give Each Other Hand", Desert Dispatch, March 22, 1986, front page.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Fernandez, Modesto. "Peace Marchers Get Back On Road Again", Desert Dispatch, March 28, 1986, front page.
^ ^a ^b Mueller, Chuck. "Peace march hits Nevada in high spirit", San Bernardino County Sun, April 5, 1986, pages B1 and B2.
^ ^a ^b "Marchers camped on Nevada border", Las Vegas Review-Journal, April 6, 1986, via NewsBank. "The 300-or-so walkers with the Great Peace march will not make it into Nevada today, and their current delay may last until Tuesday while organizers try to find campsites on the route to Las Vegas. The marchers, on a cross-country trek to protest nuclear arms, are currently staying on California land just the other side of the state border near Whiskey Pete's casino, said Elizabeth Fairchild, a Las Vegas spokesman for the group. Marchers had earlier hoped to resume the walk today after a rest day Saturday, but arrangements for a campsite at Pop's Oasis in Jean fell through, Fairchild said. Organizers now hope to obtain permits to camp on Bureau of Land Management property near Jean, however, the BLM's offices won't open until Monday."
^ "Nevada nuke test delayed; 89 protesters are arrested", Reno Gazette-Journal, April 9, 1986, pages 1A and 16A.
^ "Protesters take symbolic step into Nevada", UPI, via Reno Gazette-Journal, April 9, 1986, page 2C.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Peace march reaches Las Vegas", UPI, Simi Valley Enterprise, April 11, 1986, page 9.
^ ^a ^b "Peace march itinerary set", UPI, Simi Valley Enterprise, March 2, 1986, page 2.
^ Hendrix, Kathleen. "Peace Marchers Beat the Odds, Reach Las Vegas", Los Angeles Times, April 13, 1986, Part I, pages 3 and 38.
^ ^a ^b "Peace marchers continue trek, leave Las Vegas", UPI, via Simi Valley Enterprise, April 14, 1986, page 3.
^ ^a ^b "Marchers continue", Associated Press, via Desert Dispatch, April 15, 1986, front page.
^ ^a ^b "Peace march heads for Utah", UPI, via Santa Maria Times, April 21, 1986, page 3.
^ Daniels, Steve. "Peace group enters state on way east", Arizona Republic, April 21, 1986, page A7.
^ Esplin, Jean. "Marchers end Dixie vacation, go north", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 24, 1986, front page and page 3.
^ ^a ^b "Peace march participant killed in one-vehicle accident in Utah", Associated Press, via Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, April 27, 1986, page 3A.
^ Vrana, Ralph. "Opinion: Utah is a beehive of peaceful activity", San Luis Obispo Telegram-Tribune, May 17, 1986, page 9/B.
^ "Marchers to Visit Wasatch Front", UPI, via Provo Herald, April 23, 1986, page 5.
^ ^a ^b Christian, Patrick. "Peace Marchers Take Break near Beaver", Provo Herald, April 30, 1986, page 4.
^ "50 marchers to hike through Garf. Co.; rest SLC bound", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 30, 1986, front page.
^ ^a ^b "Peace marchers depart Salt Lake", UPI, via St. George Daily Spectrum, May 5, 1986, page 4.
^ Holley, Phil. "Peace March group prefers to stay on foot", Cincinnati Post, May 9, 1986, page 6B.
^ ^a ^b ^c McGregor, Heather. "Floor game shows need for peace, marchers say", Associated Press, via Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 16, 1986, page 3B.
^ "Peace March splinter group still in Utah", St. George Daily Spectrum, May 11, 1986, page 4.
^ ^a ^b "Protests and presents make the day for mom", Associated Press, via Fort Worth Star-Telegram, May 12, 1986, page A5.
^ ^a ^b "Peacemarchers head for Mile-High City", UPI, via El Paso Herald-Post, May 22, 1986, page A-14.
^ "Great Peace March across the divide", Reno Gazette-Journal, May 25, 1986, page 2A.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Marchers' feet support 'Hands'", Associated Press, Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 26, 1986, page 3A.
^ "Peace March proceeds", Santa Rosa Press Democrat, May 29, 1986, page 2A.
^ ^a ^b "Marchers enter Denver; third of trek complete", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 30, 1986, page 3A.
^ "Peace march heads east from Denver", Associated Press, via Idaho Statesman, June 2, 1986, page 3C.
^ ^a ^b "Peace marchers trek in Colorado", Associated Press, via Des Moines Register, June 7, 1986, page 5T.
^ ^a ^b "Peace March covers a lot of ground", wire services, via Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, June 8, 1986, page 3A.
^ Boellstorff, Leslie. "Great Peace March is near its geographical midpoint", Lincoln Journal, June 20, 1986, page 10.
^ "Actress Betty Thomas Joins Nebraska Great Peace March", Associated Press, via Alliance Times-Herald, June 21, 1986, page 10.
^ Hendrix, George. "Warm reception greets Peace Marchers", Lincoln Star, June 30, 1986, front page and page 10.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gonzalez, Cindy. "Peace Marchers Declare 'Interdependence'", Omaha World-Herald, July 2, 1986, page 25.
^ "Offutt peace demonstration 'goes well'; 240 detained", Associated Press, via The Daily Nonpareil, July 7, 1986, page 2-A.
^ "Peace marcher inspired by Declaration signer", UPI, via Moline Dispatch, July 9, 1986, page 24.
^ "Seeger Joins Peace March", UPI, via Omaha World-Herald, July 12, 1986, page 46.
^ "Rally greets marchers at Capitol", Des Moines Register, July 19, 1986, page 2A.
^ Carlson, John. "Warm welcome charms Soviet visitors to Iowa", Des Moines Register, July 31, 1986, page 5M.
^ Raithel, Tom, and Ann Dahlen. "Into Illinois: 29 detained after Arsenal protest", Moline Dispatch, August 1, 1986, front page and page 4A.
^ ^a ^b "Peace walkers mark Hiroshima A-bomb", UPI, via Northwest Herald, August 7, 1986, page 3.
^ "Hiroshima bombing remembered in Dixon", Associated Press, via The Southern Illinoisan, August 8, 1986, page 2.
^ ^a ^b "Activists on peace march", DeKalb Daily Chronicle, August 10, 1986, front page.
^ ^a ^b ^c Blau, Robert. "In Lisle, demonstrators quest in peace", Chicago Tribune, August 13, 1986, Section 2, page 2.
^ ^a ^b Recktenwald, William. "650 peace marchers rally at Grant Park", Chicago Tribune, August 15, 1986, Section 2, page 3.
^ "Peace march causes family feud between father and son", UPI, via Northwest Herald, August 18, 1986, page 3.
^ "Marchers in Indiana", Indianapolis News, August 29, 1986, page 29.
^ ^a ^b "Great Peace March to move through Ottawa County", Fremont News-Messenger, September 3, 1986, page B-7.
^ ^a ^b Cooper, Alesia. "Peace City moves across county", Port Clinton News Herald, September 9, 1986, front page and page A-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Folsom, Franklin, and Connie Fledderjohann, with Gerda Lawrence. The Great Peace March: An American Odyssey, Ocean Tree Books, 1988.
^ ^a ^b Cole, Patrick E. "Peace hike gives Kent its salute", Akron Beacon Journal, September 17, 1986, pages D1 and page D4.
^ Johnson, Robert. "Peace marchers get steelworkers' support", Pittsburgh Press, September 28, 1986, page A2.
^ "Car hits marchers", Chambersburg Public Opinion, October 6, 1986, page 2.
^ DeSalvo, Pamela. "Nader tells SU students: Become involved", Chambersburg Public Opinion, October 8, 1986, page 1.
^ ^a ^b Brenna, Susan. "Cross-Country Peace March Hits NY", Newsday, October 24, 1986, page 40.
^ "N.Y. Tour Over, Peace Marchers Begin Last Leg of Trip", Los Angeles Times Service, via Press of Atlantic City, October 29, 1986, page 12.
^ ^a ^b "Peace march activists find praise at the finish line", Knight-Ridder News Service, via Baltimore Sun, November 16, 1986, page 14A.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Peace marchers to spend night in Beltsville", Associated Press, via Baltimore Sun, November 13, 1986, page D10.
^ "Sixty anti-nuke protestors arrested", UPI, via Suffolk News-Herald, November 18, 1986, page 12.
^ Martin, Mary. "Desert downpour greets peace marchers", San Bernardino County Sun, March 9, 1986, pages B-1 and B-2.
^ Massaro, Gary. "Tiny flame brings hope to marchers", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 8, 1986, page 1B.
^ ^a ^b ^c McGregor, Heather. "Marchers exercise minds, too", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 13, 1986, pages 1B and 2B.
^ ^a ^b Massaro, Gary. "'Put down the bombs now,' urges TV actor Blake", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 9, 1986, page 1B.
^ Smith, Steven Cole. "Actor Returns From Oblivion: Haunted by Childhood, Robert Blake 'Walked Away' for 6 Years", Fort Worth Star-Telegram wire service, via Omaha World-Herald, January 24, 1993, page 4-A.
^ Robbins, Kathy, and William Couey. "Peace marchers hit the road again", Victorville Daily Press, March 10, 1986, pages A1 and A2.
^ "Great Peace marchers spend Easter in desert", Associated Press, via Oroville Mercury Register, March 31, 1986, page 4B.
^ "Peace marchers aim for Nevada", Associated Press, via Victorville Daily Press, April 1, 1986, page A-5.
^ "Desert wind doesn't stop peace march", Associated Press, via Chico Enterprise-Record, April 2, 1986, page 3B.
^ ^a ^b "Peace march stalls again", Associated Press, via Victorville Daily Press, April 3, 1986, page A-10.
^ "Great Peace March takes a break after facing a sandstorm", Associated Press, via Santa Rosa Press Democrat, April 4, 1986, page 2A.
^ "Peace marchers in Nevada", UPI, via Simi Valley Enterprise, April 8, 1986, page 8.
^ "Nevada slow going for peace marchers", Reno Gazette-Journal, April 10, 1986, page 1C.
^ "Peace marchers reunited with jailed anti-nuke protesters", UPI, via Reno Gazette-Journal, April 17, 1986, page 2C.
^ "Peace marchers plan to take a day's rest", Fresno Bee, April 18, 1986, page A4.
^ "Peace marchers takes break", Reno Gazette-Journal, April 19, 1986, page 1C.
^ Webb, Loren. "Peace march arrives in Dixie", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 22, 1986, front page and page 3.
^ Dickson, Dan. "'Great Peace March' moves on", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 30, 1986, front page.
^ "Marchers pass thru Washington County", Washington County News, April 23, 1986, front page.
^ "Peace marchers walk 21 miles", UPI, via Troy Daily News, April 28, 1986, page 5.
^ "Peace marchers a 'Children's Crusade'", UPI, via St. George Daily Spectrum, April 29, 1986, page 4.
^ "Great Peace March Arrives In Beaver City", Beaver Press, May 1, 1986, front page.
^ McMullin, Eric. "400 Peace Marchers Arrive in S.L. Filled With Hope Their Efforts Will Win Out", Salt Lake Tribune, May 4, 1986, pages 1B and 2B.
^ "Marchers enter fifth state today", UPI, via St. George Daily Spectrum, May 6, 1986, page 4.
^ Massaro, Gary. "Marchers cross into Colorado", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 7, 1986, front page and 2B.
^ Massaro, Gary. "Peace City's soul soggy, but devoted", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 8, 1986, front page and 2B.
^ Link, Tony. "Peace March may arrive by Thursday", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 5, 1986, page 1B.
^ DeBruin, Courtney. "Dr. King's friend marches for peace", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 11, 1986, pages 1C and 6C.
^ "Peace marchers continue trek across western U.S.", Associated Press, via Idaho Statesman, May 13, 1986, page 3C.
^ Dubin, Murray. "Peace march hits its stride in the Rockies", Philadelphia Inquirer, May 16, 1986, page 16A.
^ "Great Peace March reaches highest point", Associated Press, via Allentown Morning Call, May 21, 1986, page A2.
^ "Great Peace March across the divide", via Santa Cruz Sentinel, May 23, 1986, page A-24.
^ "Peace march leaves Denver", Associated Press, via Hazleton Standard-Speaker, June 2, 1986, page 24.
^ "Va. pupils support peace march", Associated Press, via Roanoke Times, June 4, 1986, page 1B.
^ "Thunderstorms douse hundreds as peace march approaches state", Associated Press, via Kearney Hub, June 5, 1986, front page.
^ Hendrix, George. "Peace marchers keep on trekking", Lincoln Star, June 11, 1986, front page and page 4.
^ ^a ^b "'Great Peace March' reaches Nebraska", Associated Press, via Kearney Hub, June 12, 1986, page 6A.
^ "Great Peace March Camps at Ogallala", Associated Press, via Omaha World-Herald, June 13, 1986, page 18.
^ "Peace marchers heading for Paxton", Associated Press, via Beatrice Daily Sun, June 14, 1986, page A-7.
^ "Tree to Be Planted By Peace Marchers", Associated Press, via Omaha World-Herald, June 15, 1986, page 7-B.
^ "Great Peace March moves east", Associated Press, via Kearney Hub, June 17, 1986, page 3A.
^ "Peace march moves east", Associated Press, via Beatrice Daily Sun, June 18, 1986, front page.
^ Taylor, Nancy. "Great Peace Marchers making final plans for weekend stops in Elm Creek, Kearney", Kearney Hub, June 19, 1986, front page and page 3A.
^ "Members Of Peace March Leave Shelton Early For 22 Mile Walk To Grand Island", Associated Press, via Alliance Times-Herald, June 23, 1986, page 5.
^ "Great Peace March headed for Aurora", Associated Press, via Scottsbluff Star-Herald, June 26, 1986, page 9.
^ "Marchers told: Protest at Offutt on your own", Associated Press, via Scottsbluff Star-Herald, June 28, 1986, page 7.
^ Boellstorff, Leslie. "Great Peace March coming to Lincoln", Lincoln Star, June 29, 1986, page 1B.
^ "Peace City Moves Along Down the Road to Treynor", Omaha World-Herald, July 7, 1986, page 14.
^ "In step with peace march", Des Moines Register, July 30, 1986, page 7A.
^ Ricci, James. "A hard pace for peace", Detroit Free Press, July 27, 1986, pages 1K and 4K.
^ Rasdale, Dave. "Peace March beds down in Brooklyn on way to East Coast", Cedar Rapids Gazette, July 23, 1986, page 14B.
^ Singleton, Robyn Sue. "'I can't believe we've walked this far': Iowa City mother, son anticipate warm welcome", Iowa City Press-Citizen, July 25, 1986, page 2A.
^ "Peace marchers locate a much-needed campsite", Iowa City Press-Citizen, July 23, 1986, page 2A.
^ "Peace marchers plan 2-day visit", Iowa City Press-Citizen, July 22, 1986, page 2A.
^ Blind, Kevin. "Peace marchers: Group enters this area next week", Muscatine Journal, July 26, 1986, front page and page 4A.
^ ^a ^b "Marchers will see lots of Q-C", Quad-City Times, July 31, 1986, page 3.
^ "Peace marchers leave Hillsdale for Lyndon", Moline Dispatch, August 4, 1986, page 8.
^ "Peace march hits La Grange Park", Chicago Tribune, August 14, 1986, Section 2, page 6.
^ Nikruto, Jean. "600 marchers to visit Region", The Times of Northwest Indiana, August 17, 1986, page A-3.
^ "Great march enters state via Hammond", Associated Press, via Seymour Daily Tribune, August 20, 1986, page 22.
^ "New Carlisle stop for 'March'", South Bend Tribune, August 13, 1986, page B3.
^ Swiercz, Greg. "Peace March camps out in South Bend", South Bend Tribune, August 24, 1986, page B1.
^ "Marchers head for Elkhart", South Bend Tribune, August 25, 1986, page B2.
^ "Change camp", Bryan Times, August 29, 1986, page 11.
^ Rockwell, Ron. "Peace marchers walk across Fulton County", Fulton County Expositor, September 4, 1986, page 3.
^ Nichols, John. "Peace Marchers Taking Steps In Struggle For Nuclear Disarmament", Toledo Blade, September 5, 1986, page 13.
^ Henson, Rich. "Mission changes the changers", Akron Beacon Journal, September 12, 1986, front page and page A6.
^ "Great Peace March still on schedule", Associated Press, via Coshocton Tribune, September 10, 1986, page 3.
^ "Peace march makes stop in Cleveland", Port Clinton News-Herald, September 13, 1986, page 3.
^ Lenhoff, Alyssa. "Peace trek nears area", Youngstown Vindicator, September 16, 1986, front page and page 3.
^ "Retooled march for peace arrives", Pittsburgh Press, September 23, 1986, pages B1 and B4.
^ "700 reach North Park", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 23, 1986, page 4.
^ Kohnfelder, Earl. "Peace marchers due here Thursday", Pittsburgh Press, September 20, 1986, pages B1 and page B4.
^ "Peace marchers visit Ligonier in march to D.C.", Latrobe Bulletin, September 30, 1986, front page.
^ Luther, Jean. "Peace City is due", Latrobe Bulletin, September 24, 1986, page 15.
^ "Peace marchers to stop in McConnellsburg", Huntingdon Daily News, September 25, 1986, page 6.
^ Morgan, Ron. "Peace marchers wend way through Pennsylvania", Huntingdon Daily News, October 6, 1986, page 8.
^ North, J.C. "Peace march in Franklin today", Chambersburg Public Opinion, October 6, 1986, page 1.
^ Downey, Brian. "Peace march due in Carlisle today", Carlisle Sentinel, October 8, 1986, front page.
^ "Peace marchers here", Lancaster News, October 5, 1986, page B6.
^ Blackman, Pat. "Fairgrounds Mini-City For A Day", Lebanon Daily News, October 13, 1986, front page and page B4.
^ Higham, Scott J. "Peace marchers get big welcome in Kutztown", Allentown Morning Call, October 16, 1986, page B3.
^ "Peace hikers to stay at Dorney Park", Allentown Morning Call, October 15, 1986, Bethlehem regional edition, pages B1 and B6.
^ "Cross-Country Peace March Arrives in N.J.", UPI, via Press of Atlantic City, October 19, 1986, front page.
^ "Peace March Walks Across N.J.", Associated Press, via Press of Atlantic City, October 20, 1986, page 4.
^ ^a ^b "Peace march reaches N.J., heading to Leonia", The Record, October 20, 1986, page A-20.
^ Osby, Liv. "On the road with march for global disarmament", Daily Record, October 21, 1986, front page and page A3.
^ "Marchers halt trek to extol peace seeker", Associated Press, via Central New Jersey Home News, October 22, 1986, page A2.
^ Goldstein, Matthew. "Rutgers hosts 'history' as peace march encamps", Central New Jersey Home News, October 30, 1986, pages B1 and B7.
^ Burke, Hollis. "Marchers for peace on way to Princeton", Courier News, October 30, 1986, pages B-1 and B-3.
^ Johnson, Michelle T. "Peace March Coming to City of Brotherly Love", Philadelphia Daily News, October 31, 1986, page 20.
^ Dubin, Murray. "The Great Peace March arrives: Walkers camp in city on last leg of anti-nuclear trek", Philadelphia Inquirer, November 1, 1986, pages 1-B and 2-B.
^ ^a ^b Spraker, Eileen C. "In name of peace: Marchers near end", Wilmington Morning News, November 4, 1986, pages D1 and D5.
^ "900 pass through Harford on cross-country peace march", The Aegis, November 13, 1986, pages AA-1 and AA-5.
^ Hilson, Robert, Jr. "Marchers to rest at stadium", Baltimore Sun, November 10, 1986, page D1.
^ "Peace Now!", Baltimore Sun, November 16, 1986, Howard County Sun section, page 2.
^ Hendrix, Kathleen. "U.S.-Soviet Anti-Arms March to Moscow Planned", Los Angeles Times, April 7, 1987, Web.
^ "Writing for Peace, Fort Worth Weekly, Aug. 8, 2002". archive.fweekly.com.
^ "Kevin J. Shay Collected Papers, 1983-2000, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore, Pa". www.swarthmore.edu.
^ "Former Iowa politician plans cross-country trek to raise climate awareness". ClimateWire. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
^ "Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Chronology". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
^ "Table of US Nuclear Warheads", Natural Resources Defense Council, Web, archived by the WayBack Machine on February 8, 2001.
^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (2023-01-02). "United States nuclear weapons, 2023". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 79 (1): 28–52. Bibcode:2023BuAtS..79a..28K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2022.2156686. ISSN 0096-3402. S2CID 255826288.
^ "World Nuclear Forces, SIPRI yearbook 2020". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. January 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Just One Step: The Great Peace March – Movie Trailer, Reviews, Photos, Cast". Archived from the original on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
^ "Biblio search results". Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
^ Donna Rankin Love (August 22, 2011). Walking For Our Lives. Park Place Publications. ISBN 978-1-935530-50-3.
^ Guist, Sue (1991). Amazon.com: Peace Like a River: A Personal Journey Across America (Peacewatch Edition) (9780943734170): Sue Guist: Books. ISBN 0943734177.
^ "Lost Journals from the Great Peace March".
^ "A Strange Place Called Home: My Walk Across America on the Great Peace March". Retrieved 30 July 2013.
^ "THE GREAT PEACE MARCH". Archived from the original on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
^ Amazon.com: Central body: The art of Guy Colwell, including work from the years. ISBN 0896201163.
^ "PEACE MARCH: PROCESS=SUCCESS". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
^ "Research Portal". iro.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
^ TePoel, Dain (2020-08-06). "Meaning by Doing: The Making of Endurance Activism on the 1986 Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament". Sport History Review. 51 (2): 164–185. doi:10.1123/shr.2019-0020. ISSN 1543-2947.
^ Harvey, Kyle (2014), Harvey, Kyle (ed.), "Lifestyle Politics and Participatory Democracy: Communicating Peace across the United States on the Great Peace March", American Anti-Nuclear Activism, 1975–1990: The Challenge of Peace, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 143–167, doi:10.1057/9781137432841_7, ISBN 978-1-137-43284-1, retrieved 2024-04-05
^ "Wild Wimmin For Peace CD". Retrieved 30 July 2013.
^ "Bridgett Evans". Retrieved 30 July 2013.
^ "Clan Dyken – No More Silence". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ "No More Silence lyrics". Archived from the original on 2005-02-14. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ "Beautiful Planet". Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ "A Laboratory in Democracy: Revisiting the Great Peace March". Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ "How to Make a Decision Without Making a Decision". Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ "Co-Intelligence Wakes Up in a Fertilizer Factory". Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ "The Wisdom of the Whole". Archived from the original on 2004-08-17. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ "Maynie Thompson Waiheke Peace Activist". Retrieved 31 July 2013.

External links

Great Peace March website, active from 1999 to 2020, archived at the WayBack Machine
"Photos of the Great Peace March by Photographer and Marcher Dan Coogan". 22 February 1986. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
"Friends of Peace Pilgrim". Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013. Documentary film edited by James Knight, music by Darryl Purpose
"Great Peace Walk, Painting by Painter Bill Rane". Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 31 July 2013. Bill Rane Commemorative Painting "The Great Peace Walk, A Soviet-American Jounry, 1987
The Great Peace March Audio Video Archive on YouTube

Related archives

Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament Records at Swarthmore College
PRO-Peace Records at Swarthmore College
David Mixner papers, Yale University Archives
Great Peace March Collection, Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research
Franklin Folsom's personal papers archived at University of Colorado at Boulder

[stein-0302-1] Stein, George. "Rally Spirit Starts Trek for Peace", Los Angeles Times, March 2, 1986, Part II, pages 1 and 2.

[redding-2] "All is not harmony with idealistic Peace March", McClatchy News Service, via Redding Record Searchlight, March 4, 1986, page A-9.

[3] "5,000 Sought for Anti-Nuclear Trek in 1986", Los Angeles Times, April 8, 1985, Part I, page 22.

[reseda-4] Smith, Doug. "Peace March's Tent City Rises in Reseda", Los Angeles Times, February 4, 1986, Part II, page 6.

[5] Hendrix, Kathleen. "Peace March Organizers Cancel Send-off Concert", Los Angeles Times, February 17, 1986, Part IV, page 7.

[6] Raebeck, Wendy. "Go: The 'Impossible Dream' Hits the Road", LA Weekly, March 6, 1986, pages 22, 23, and 25.

[hanford-7] Gomes, Ruth. "'Better world' his goal", Hanford Sentinel, March 5, 1986, front page.

[ventura-8] "Peace March loses steam 23 miles from the start", UPI, via Ventura County Star, March 3, 1986, page B-7.

[9] "Insurance woes stymie peace march", Associated Press, via San Bernardino County Sun, March 1, 1986, pages B-1 and 25.

[devore-10] Whitehair, John. "Peace march takes break in Devore", San Bernardino County Sun, March 6, 1986, page B-1.

[victorville-bus-11] Couey, William. "Peace marchers take the bus instead", Victorville Daily Press, March 7, 1986, front page and page A5.

[pollock-0312-12] Pollock, Kent. "Peace march foundering on financial rocks", McClatchy News Service, via Victorville Daily Press, March 12, 1986, pages A1 and A2.

[13] "Marchers reach Barstow", Victorville Daily Press, March 11, 1986, page A-2.

[14] "Peace Marchers Still Miles From Barstow", Desert Dispatch, March 11, 1986, front page.

[15] Whitehair, John, and Chuck Mueller. "Walkers will decide next step in peace march", San Bernardino County Sun, March 13, 1986, pages B-1 and A2.

[16] "Debt stops peace march in its tracks", Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 15, 1986, page 6A.

[17] "Marchers Take Control Of Trek", Desert Dispatch, March 15, 1986, front page.

[18] Hendrix, Kathleen. "Great Peace March Stalled in Barstow, but 560 Still Struggle to Continue Trip", Los Angeles Times, March 16, 1986, Part II, page 3.

[barstow-19] "Peace hikers set up new camp", Associated Press, via Palm Springs Desert Sun, March 17, 1986, page A3.

[20] Gorman, Linda. "City, Marchers Give Each Other Hand", Desert Dispatch, March 22, 1986, front page.

[barstow-0328-21] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Fernandez, Modesto. "Peace Marchers Get Back On Road Again", Desert Dispatch, March 28, 1986, front page.

[primm-22] Mueller, Chuck. "Peace march hits Nevada in high spirit", San Bernardino County Sun, April 5, 1986, pages B1 and B2.

[nv-border-0405-23] "Marchers camped on Nevada border", Las Vegas Review-Journal, April 6, 1986, via NewsBank. "The 300-or-so walkers with the Great Peace march will not make it into Nevada today, and their current delay may last until Tuesday while organizers try to find campsites on the route to Las Vegas. The marchers, on a cross-country trek to protest nuclear arms, are currently staying on California land just the other side of the state border near Whiskey Pete's casino, said Elizabeth Fairchild, a Las Vegas spokesman for the group. Marchers had earlier hoped to resume the walk today after a rest day Saturday, but arrangements for a campsite at Pop's Oasis in Jean fell through, Fairchild said. Organizers now hope to obtain permits to camp on Bureau of Land Management property near Jean, however, the BLM's offices won't open until Monday."

[24] "Nevada nuke test delayed; 89 protesters are arrested", Reno Gazette-Journal, April 9, 1986, pages 1A and 16A.

[25] "Protesters take symbolic step into Nevada", UPI, via Reno Gazette-Journal, April 9, 1986, page 2C.

[reacheslasvegas-26] "Peace march reaches Las Vegas", UPI, Simi Valley Enterprise, April 11, 1986, page 9.

[itinerary-27] "Peace march itinerary set", UPI, Simi Valley Enterprise, March 2, 1986, page 2.

[28] Hendrix, Kathleen. "Peace Marchers Beat the Odds, Reach Las Vegas", Los Angeles Times, April 13, 1986, Part I, pages 3 and 38.

[simi-leavelasvegas-29] "Peace marchers continue trek, leave Las Vegas", UPI, via Simi Valley Enterprise, April 14, 1986, page 3.

[continue-0415-30] "Marchers continue", Associated Press, via Desert Dispatch, April 15, 1986, front page.

[santamaria-0421-31] "Peace march heads for Utah", UPI, via Santa Maria Times, April 21, 1986, page 3.

[32] Daniels, Steve. "Peace group enters state on way east", Arizona Republic, April 21, 1986, page A7.

[33] Esplin, Jean. "Marchers end Dixie vacation, go north", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 24, 1986, front page and page 3.

[kanarraville-accident-34] "Peace march participant killed in one-vehicle accident in Utah", Associated Press, via Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, April 27, 1986, page 3A.

[35] Vrana, Ralph. "Opinion: Utah is a beehive of peaceful activity", San Luis Obispo Telegram-Tribune, May 17, 1986, page 9/B.

[36] "Marchers to Visit Wasatch Front", UPI, via Provo Herald, April 23, 1986, page 5.

[beaver-break-37] Christian, Patrick. "Peace Marchers Take Break near Beaver", Provo Herald, April 30, 1986, page 4.

[38] "50 marchers to hike through Garf. Co.; rest SLC bound", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 30, 1986, front page.

[spectrum-0505-39] "Peace marchers depart Salt Lake", UPI, via St. George Daily Spectrum, May 5, 1986, page 4.

[40] Holley, Phil. "Peace March group prefers to stay on foot", Cincinnati Post, May 9, 1986, page 6B.

[floor-game-41] McGregor, Heather. "Floor game shows need for peace, marchers say", Associated Press, via Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 16, 1986, page 3B.

[42] "Peace March splinter group still in Utah", St. George Daily Spectrum, May 11, 1986, page 4.

[mothers-day-43] "Protests and presents make the day for mom", Associated Press, via Fort Worth Star-Telegram, May 12, 1986, page A5.

[elpaso-0522-44] "Peacemarchers head for Mile-High City", UPI, via El Paso Herald-Post, May 22, 1986, page A-14.

[45] "Great Peace March across the divide", Reno Gazette-Journal, May 25, 1986, page 2A.

[hands-46] "Marchers' feet support 'Hands'", Associated Press, Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 26, 1986, page 3A.

[47] "Peace March proceeds", Santa Rosa Press Democrat, May 29, 1986, page 2A.

[confluence-48] "Marchers enter Denver; third of trek complete", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 30, 1986, page 3A.

[49] "Peace march heads east from Denver", Associated Press, via Idaho Statesman, June 2, 1986, page 3C.

[desmoines-0607-50] "Peace marchers trek in Colorado", Associated Press, via Des Moines Register, June 7, 1986, page 5T.

[gj-0608-51] "Peace March covers a lot of ground", wire services, via Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, June 8, 1986, page 3A.

[52] Boellstorff, Leslie. "Great Peace March is near its geographical midpoint", Lincoln Journal, June 20, 1986, page 10.

[53] "Actress Betty Thomas Joins Nebraska Great Peace March", Associated Press, via Alliance Times-Herald, June 21, 1986, page 10.

[54] Hendrix, George. "Warm reception greets Peace Marchers", Lincoln Star, June 30, 1986, front page and page 10.

[interdependence-55] Gonzalez, Cindy. "Peace Marchers Declare 'Interdependence'", Omaha World-Herald, July 2, 1986, page 25.

[56] "Offutt peace demonstration 'goes well'; 240 detained", Associated Press, via The Daily Nonpareil, July 7, 1986, page 2-A.

[57] "Peace marcher inspired by Declaration signer", UPI, via Moline Dispatch, July 9, 1986, page 24.

[58] "Seeger Joins Peace March", UPI, via Omaha World-Herald, July 12, 1986, page 46.

[59] "Rally greets marchers at Capitol", Des Moines Register, July 19, 1986, page 2A.

[60] Carlson, John. "Warm welcome charms Soviet visitors to Iowa", Des Moines Register, July 31, 1986, page 5M.

[61] Raithel, Tom, and Ann Dahlen. "Into Illinois: 29 detained after Arsenal protest", Moline Dispatch, August 1, 1986, front page and page 4A.

[dixon-62] "Peace walkers mark Hiroshima A-bomb", UPI, via Northwest Herald, August 7, 1986, page 3.

[63] "Hiroshima bombing remembered in Dixon", Associated Press, via The Southern Illinoisan, August 8, 1986, page 2.

[dekalb-0810-64] "Activists on peace march", DeKalb Daily Chronicle, August 10, 1986, front page.

[blau-lisle-65] Blau, Robert. "In Lisle, demonstrators quest in peace", Chicago Tribune, August 13, 1986, Section 2, page 2.

[recktenwald-66] Recktenwald, William. "650 peace marchers rally at Grant Park", Chicago Tribune, August 15, 1986, Section 2, page 3.

[67] "Peace march causes family feud between father and son", UPI, via Northwest Herald, August 18, 1986, page 3.

[68] "Marchers in Indiana", Indianapolis News, August 29, 1986, page 29.

[fremont-0903-69] "Great Peace March to move through Ottawa County", Fremont News-Messenger, September 3, 1986, page B-7.

[portclinton-0909-70] Cooper, Alesia. "Peace City moves across county", Port Clinton News Herald, September 9, 1986, front page and page A-3.

[folsom-71] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Folsom, Franklin, and Connie Fledderjohann, with Gerda Lawrence. The Great Peace March: An American Odyssey, Ocean Tree Books, 1988.

[kentstate-72] Cole, Patrick E. "Peace hike gives Kent its salute", Akron Beacon Journal, September 17, 1986, pages D1 and page D4.

[73] Johnson, Robert. "Peace marchers get steelworkers' support", Pittsburgh Press, September 28, 1986, page A2.

[74] "Car hits marchers", Chambersburg Public Opinion, October 6, 1986, page 2.

[75] DeSalvo, Pamela. "Nader tells SU students: Become involved", Chambersburg Public Opinion, October 8, 1986, page 1.

[newsday-76] Brenna, Susan. "Cross-Country Peace March Hits NY", Newsday, October 24, 1986, page 40.

[77] "N.Y. Tour Over, Peace Marchers Begin Last Leg of Trip", Los Angeles Times Service, via Press of Atlantic City, October 29, 1986, page 12.

[finishline-78] "Peace march activists find praise at the finish line", Knight-Ridder News Service, via Baltimore Sun, November 16, 1986, page 14A.

[beltsville-79] "Peace marchers to spend night in Beltsville", Associated Press, via Baltimore Sun, November 13, 1986, page D10.

[80] "Sixty anti-nuke protestors arrested", UPI, via Suffolk News-Herald, November 18, 1986, page 12.

[81] Martin, Mary. "Desert downpour greets peace marchers", San Bernardino County Sun, March 9, 1986, pages B-1 and B-2.

[82] Massaro, Gary. "Tiny flame brings hope to marchers", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 8, 1986, page 1B.

[bookmobile-0513-83] McGregor, Heather. "Marchers exercise minds, too", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 13, 1986, pages 1B and 2B.

[gj-0509-84] Massaro, Gary. "'Put down the bombs now,' urges TV actor Blake", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 9, 1986, page 1B.

[85] Smith, Steven Cole. "Actor Returns From Oblivion: Haunted by Childhood, Robert Blake 'Walked Away' for 6 Years", Fort Worth Star-Telegram wire service, via Omaha World-Herald, January 24, 1993, page 4-A.

[86] Robbins, Kathy, and William Couey. "Peace marchers hit the road again", Victorville Daily Press, March 10, 1986, pages A1 and A2.

[87] "Great Peace marchers spend Easter in desert", Associated Press, via Oroville Mercury Register, March 31, 1986, page 4B.

[88] "Peace marchers aim for Nevada", Associated Press, via Victorville Daily Press, April 1, 1986, page A-5.

[89] "Desert wind doesn't stop peace march", Associated Press, via Chico Enterprise-Record, April 2, 1986, page 3B.

[stalls-0403-90] "Peace march stalls again", Associated Press, via Victorville Daily Press, April 3, 1986, page A-10.

[91] "Great Peace March takes a break after facing a sandstorm", Associated Press, via Santa Rosa Press Democrat, April 4, 1986, page 2A.

[92] "Peace marchers in Nevada", UPI, via Simi Valley Enterprise, April 8, 1986, page 8.

[93] "Nevada slow going for peace marchers", Reno Gazette-Journal, April 10, 1986, page 1C.

[94] "Peace marchers reunited with jailed anti-nuke protesters", UPI, via Reno Gazette-Journal, April 17, 1986, page 2C.

[95] "Peace marchers plan to take a day's rest", Fresno Bee, April 18, 1986, page A4.

[96] "Peace marchers takes break", Reno Gazette-Journal, April 19, 1986, page 1C.

[97] Webb, Loren. "Peace march arrives in Dixie", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 22, 1986, front page and page 3.

[98] Dickson, Dan. "'Great Peace March' moves on", St. George Daily Spectrum, April 30, 1986, front page.

[99] "Marchers pass thru Washington County", Washington County News, April 23, 1986, front page.

[100] "Peace marchers walk 21 miles", UPI, via Troy Daily News, April 28, 1986, page 5.

[101] "Peace marchers a 'Children's Crusade'", UPI, via St. George Daily Spectrum, April 29, 1986, page 4.

[102] "Great Peace March Arrives In Beaver City", Beaver Press, May 1, 1986, front page.

[103] McMullin, Eric. "400 Peace Marchers Arrive in S.L. Filled With Hope Their Efforts Will Win Out", Salt Lake Tribune, May 4, 1986, pages 1B and 2B.

[104] "Marchers enter fifth state today", UPI, via St. George Daily Spectrum, May 6, 1986, page 4.

[105] Massaro, Gary. "Marchers cross into Colorado", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 7, 1986, front page and 2B.

[106] Massaro, Gary. "Peace City's soul soggy, but devoted", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 8, 1986, front page and 2B.

[107] Link, Tony. "Peace March may arrive by Thursday", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 5, 1986, page 1B.

[108] DeBruin, Courtney. "Dr. King's friend marches for peace", Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, May 11, 1986, pages 1C and 6C.

[109] "Peace marchers continue trek across western U.S.", Associated Press, via Idaho Statesman, May 13, 1986, page 3C.

[110] Dubin, Murray. "Peace march hits its stride in the Rockies", Philadelphia Inquirer, May 16, 1986, page 16A.

[111] "Great Peace March reaches highest point", Associated Press, via Allentown Morning Call, May 21, 1986, page A2.

[112] "Great Peace March across the divide", via Santa Cruz Sentinel, May 23, 1986, page A-24.

[113] "Peace march leaves Denver", Associated Press, via Hazleton Standard-Speaker, June 2, 1986, page 24.

[114] "Va. pupils support peace march", Associated Press, via Roanoke Times, June 4, 1986, page 1B.

[115] "Thunderstorms douse hundreds as peace march approaches state", Associated Press, via Kearney Hub, June 5, 1986, front page.

[116] Hendrix, George. "Peace marchers keep on trekking", Lincoln Star, June 11, 1986, front page and page 4.

[kearney-0611-117] "'Great Peace March' reaches Nebraska", Associated Press, via Kearney Hub, June 12, 1986, page 6A.

[118] "Great Peace March Camps at Ogallala", Associated Press, via Omaha World-Herald, June 13, 1986, page 18.

[119] "Peace marchers heading for Paxton", Associated Press, via Beatrice Daily Sun, June 14, 1986, page A-7.

[120] "Tree to Be Planted By Peace Marchers", Associated Press, via Omaha World-Herald, June 15, 1986, page 7-B.

[121] "Great Peace March moves east", Associated Press, via Kearney Hub, June 17, 1986, page 3A.

[122] "Peace march moves east", Associated Press, via Beatrice Daily Sun, June 18, 1986, front page.

[123] Taylor, Nancy. "Great Peace Marchers making final plans for weekend stops in Elm Creek, Kearney", Kearney Hub, June 19, 1986, front page and page 3A.

[124] "Members Of Peace March Leave Shelton Early For 22 Mile Walk To Grand Island", Associated Press, via Alliance Times-Herald, June 23, 1986, page 5.

[125] "Great Peace March headed for Aurora", Associated Press, via Scottsbluff Star-Herald, June 26, 1986, page 9.

[126] "Marchers told: Protest at Offutt on your own", Associated Press, via Scottsbluff Star-Herald, June 28, 1986, page 7.

[127] Boellstorff, Leslie. "Great Peace March coming to Lincoln", Lincoln Star, June 29, 1986, page 1B.

[128] "Peace City Moves Along Down the Road to Treynor", Omaha World-Herald, July 7, 1986, page 14.

[129] "In step with peace march", Des Moines Register, July 30, 1986, page 7A.

[130] Ricci, James. "A hard pace for peace", Detroit Free Press, July 27, 1986, pages 1K and 4K.

[131] Rasdale, Dave. "Peace March beds down in Brooklyn on way to East Coast", Cedar Rapids Gazette, July 23, 1986, page 14B.

[132] Singleton, Robyn Sue. "'I can't believe we've walked this far': Iowa City mother, son anticipate warm welcome", Iowa City Press-Citizen, July 25, 1986, page 2A.

[133] "Peace marchers locate a much-needed campsite", Iowa City Press-Citizen, July 23, 1986, page 2A.

[134] "Peace marchers plan 2-day visit", Iowa City Press-Citizen, July 22, 1986, page 2A.

[135] Blind, Kevin. "Peace marchers: Group enters this area next week", Muscatine Journal, July 26, 1986, front page and page 4A.

[qc-136] "Marchers will see lots of Q-C", Quad-City Times, July 31, 1986, page 3.

[137] "Peace marchers leave Hillsdale for Lyndon", Moline Dispatch, August 4, 1986, page 8.

[138] "Peace march hits La Grange Park", Chicago Tribune, August 14, 1986, Section 2, page 6.

[139] Nikruto, Jean. "600 marchers to visit Region", The Times of Northwest Indiana, August 17, 1986, page A-3.

[140] "Great march enters state via Hammond", Associated Press, via Seymour Daily Tribune, August 20, 1986, page 22.

[141] "New Carlisle stop for 'March'", South Bend Tribune, August 13, 1986, page B3.

[142] Swiercz, Greg. "Peace March camps out in South Bend", South Bend Tribune, August 24, 1986, page B1.

[143] "Marchers head for Elkhart", South Bend Tribune, August 25, 1986, page B2.

[144] "Change camp", Bryan Times, August 29, 1986, page 11.

[145] Rockwell, Ron. "Peace marchers walk across Fulton County", Fulton County Expositor, September 4, 1986, page 3.

[146] Nichols, John. "Peace Marchers Taking Steps In Struggle For Nuclear Disarmament", Toledo Blade, September 5, 1986, page 13.

[147] Henson, Rich. "Mission changes the changers", Akron Beacon Journal, September 12, 1986, front page and page A6.

[148] "Great Peace March still on schedule", Associated Press, via Coshocton Tribune, September 10, 1986, page 3.

[149] "Peace march makes stop in Cleveland", Port Clinton News-Herald, September 13, 1986, page 3.

[150] Lenhoff, Alyssa. "Peace trek nears area", Youngstown Vindicator, September 16, 1986, front page and page 3.

[151] "Retooled march for peace arrives", Pittsburgh Press, September 23, 1986, pages B1 and B4.

[152] "700 reach North Park", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 23, 1986, page 4.

[153] Kohnfelder, Earl. "Peace marchers due here Thursday", Pittsburgh Press, September 20, 1986, pages B1 and page B4.

[154] "Peace marchers visit Ligonier in march to D.C.", Latrobe Bulletin, September 30, 1986, front page.

[155] Luther, Jean. "Peace City is due", Latrobe Bulletin, September 24, 1986, page 15.

[156] "Peace marchers to stop in McConnellsburg", Huntingdon Daily News, September 25, 1986, page 6.

[157] Morgan, Ron. "Peace marchers wend way through Pennsylvania", Huntingdon Daily News, October 6, 1986, page 8.

[158] North, J.C. "Peace march in Franklin today", Chambersburg Public Opinion, October 6, 1986, page 1.

[159] Downey, Brian. "Peace march due in Carlisle today", Carlisle Sentinel, October 8, 1986, front page.

[160] "Peace marchers here", Lancaster News, October 5, 1986, page B6.

[161] Blackman, Pat. "Fairgrounds Mini-City For A Day", Lebanon Daily News, October 13, 1986, front page and page B4.

[162] Higham, Scott J. "Peace marchers get big welcome in Kutztown", Allentown Morning Call, October 16, 1986, page B3.

[163] "Peace hikers to stay at Dorney Park", Allentown Morning Call, October 15, 1986, Bethlehem regional edition, pages B1 and B6.

[164] "Cross-Country Peace March Arrives in N.J.", UPI, via Press of Atlantic City, October 19, 1986, front page.

[165] "Peace March Walks Across N.J.", Associated Press, via Press of Atlantic City, October 20, 1986, page 4.

[leonia-166] "Peace march reaches N.J., heading to Leonia", The Record, October 20, 1986, page A-20.

[167] Osby, Liv. "On the road with march for global disarmament", Daily Record, October 21, 1986, front page and page A3.

[168] "Marchers halt trek to extol peace seeker", Associated Press, via Central New Jersey Home News, October 22, 1986, page A2.

[169] Goldstein, Matthew. "Rutgers hosts 'history' as peace march encamps", Central New Jersey Home News, October 30, 1986, pages B1 and B7.

[170] Burke, Hollis. "Marchers for peace on way to Princeton", Courier News, October 30, 1986, pages B-1 and B-3.

[171] Johnson, Michelle T. "Peace March Coming to City of Brotherly Love", Philadelphia Daily News, October 31, 1986, page 20.

[172] Dubin, Murray. "The Great Peace March arrives: Walkers camp in city on last leg of anti-nuclear trek", Philadelphia Inquirer, November 1, 1986, pages 1-B and 2-B.

[wilmington-173] Spraker, Eileen C. "In name of peace: Marchers near end", Wilmington Morning News, November 4, 1986, pages D1 and D5.

[174] "900 pass through Harford on cross-country peace march", The Aegis, November 13, 1986, pages AA-1 and AA-5.

[175] Hilson, Robert, Jr. "Marchers to rest at stadium", Baltimore Sun, November 10, 1986, page D1.

[176] "Peace Now!", Baltimore Sun, November 16, 1986, Howard County Sun section, page 2.

[177] Hendrix, Kathleen. "U.S.-Soviet Anti-Arms March to Moscow Planned", Los Angeles Times, April 7, 1987, Web.

[178] "Writing for Peace, Fort Worth Weekly, Aug. 8, 2002". archive.fweekly.com.

[179] "Kevin J. Shay Collected Papers, 1983-2000, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore, Pa". www.swarthmore.edu.

[ClimateWire-180] "Former Iowa politician plans cross-country trek to raise climate awareness". ClimateWire. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-02.

[faschron-181] "Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Chronology". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.

[182] "Table of US Nuclear Warheads", Natural Resources Defense Council, Web, archived by the WayBack Machine on February 8, 2001.

[:123-183] Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (2023-01-02). "United States nuclear weapons, 2023". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 79 (1): 28–52. Bibcode:2023BuAtS..79a..28K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2022.2156686. ISSN 0096-3402. S2CID 255826288.

[nuclearweapons1-184] "World Nuclear Forces, SIPRI yearbook 2020". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. January 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.

[just_1_step-185] "Just One Step: The Great Peace March – Movie Trailer, Reviews, Photos, Cast". Archived from the original on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 30 July 2013.

[feet-186] "Biblio search results". Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-07-28.

[187] Donna Rankin Love (August 22, 2011). Walking For Our Lives. Park Place Publications. ISBN 978-1-935530-50-3.

[river-188] Guist, Sue (1991). Amazon.com: Peace Like a River: A Personal Journey Across America (Peacewatch Edition) (9780943734170): Sue Guist: Books. ISBN 0943734177.

[lost-189] "Lost Journals from the Great Peace March".

[strange-190] "A Strange Place Called Home: My Walk Across America on the Great Peace March". Retrieved 30 July 2013.

[children-191] "THE GREAT PEACE MARCH". Archived from the original on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-07-26.

[art-192] Amazon.com: Central body: The art of Guy Colwell, including work from the years. ISBN 0896201163.

[success-193] "PEACE MARCH: PROCESS=SUCCESS". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2007-07-26.

[194] "Research Portal". iro.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-05.

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v t e Anti-war and peace movement
Peace advocates	Anti-nuclear organizations Anti-war movement Anti-war organizations Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions Coalition of Women for Peace Code Pink Conscientious objectors Counterculture Culture of Peace ECOPEACE Party Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp Iraq War resisters in Canada List of pacifist organisations List of peace activists New Socialist Party of Japan Pacifist Socialist Party Peace and conflict studies Peace camp Peace churches Peace commission Peace conference Peace congress Peace education Peace movement Peace psychology Peace treaty Peaceworker React, Include, Recycle Social Democratic Party (Japan) Unity The Women's Peace Crusade War resisters Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
Ideologies	Ahimsa Anarchism Anarcho-pacifism Anarcho-punks Christian anarchism Anti-imperialism Anti-nuclear movement Antimilitarism Appeasement Christian pacifism Deterrence theory Direct action Finvenkismo Green politics Hippie Isolationism Modern-war pacifism Non-interventionism Nonkilling Nonviolence Pacificism Pacifism Peace Satyagraha Soviet influence on the peace movement Testimony of peace World peace
Media and cultural	Art Books Concert Yutel for Peace Dances of Universal Peace Festival for Peace Films Imagine Piano Peace Project International Day of Non-Violence International Day of Peace Dialogue Among Civilizations List of peace prizes List of places named Peace Monuments and memorials Mother's Day Proclamation Nobel Peace Prize Concert Museums Peace & Love (festival) Peace journalism Peace News Promoting Enduring Peace Peace One Day Plays Promoting Enduring Peace Show of Peace Concert Songs Symbols The Non-Violence Project University for Peace World Peace Bell Association Japanese Peace Bell Women in Black World March for Peace and Nonviolence
Slogans and tactics	Bed-in Central Park be-ins Civil disobedience Conflict resolution Counter-recruitment De-escalation Demilitarisation Department of Peace Desertion Draft evasion Die-in Economic sanctions Flower power Global Day of Action on Military Spending Human Be-In Lesson of Munich "Make love, not war" Non-aggression principle Nonviolent resistance Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention) Peace walk Peacebuilding Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces "Soldiers are murderers" Swords to ploughshares Teach-in "The whole world is watching" Third Party Non-violent Intervention "Turn the other cheek" "Violence begets violence" War tax resisters
Opposition to specific wars or their aspects	War of 1812 (UK; US) American Civil War Second Boer War World War I World War II Vietnam War list of protests War on Terror Iraq War Criticism Protests Afghanistan War Military action in Iran Sri Lankan Civil War 2011 intervention in Libya Anti-war protests in Russia (2014) 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine in Russia in Russian Far East Landmines Military taxation Nuclear disarmament International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons Nuclear weapons convention
Countries	Canada Costa Rica Germany Israel Japan Netherlands Spain Sudan Switzerland United Kingdom United States Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
Category

v t e Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
General	Anti-nuclear groups in the US California movement Great Peace March Nuclear history of the United States Nuclear power in the US Canceled nuclear reactors in the US Nuclear weapons and the US Protests in the US Anti-nuclear advocates in the US
Organizations and groups	Abalone Alliance Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility Clamshell Alliance Committee for Nuclear Responsibility Corporate Accountability International Critical Mass Energy Project Friends of the Earth Greenpeace USA Institute for Energy and Environmental Research Mothers for Peace Musicians United for Safe Energy Nevada Desert Experience Nuclear Control Institute Nuclear Information and Resource Service Physicians for Social Responsibility Plowshares movement Ploughshares Fund Public Citizen Shad Alliance Sierra Club Three Mile Island Alert Women Strike for Peace Kings Bay Plowshares
People	Daniel Berrigan William J. Bichsel Bruce G. Blair Larry Bogart Helen Caldicott Barry Commoner Norman Cousins Frances Crowe Carrie Barefoot Dickerson Paul M. Doty Bernard T. Feld Randall Forsberg John Gofman Paul Gunter John Hall Jackie Hudson Sam Lovejoy Amory Lovins Bernard Lown Arjun Makhijani Gregory Minor Hermann Joseph Muller Ralph Nader Graham Nash Linus Pauling Eugene Rabinowitch Phil Radford Bonnie Raitt Carl Sagan Martin Sheen Karen Silkwood Thomas Louis Vitale Harvey Wasserman Victor Weisskopf
Main protest sites	Black Fox Bodega Bay Diablo Canyon Indian Point Lawrence Livermore Montague Naval Base Kitsap Nevada Test Site Rancho Seco Rocky Flats San Onofre Seabrook Shoreham Three Mile Island Trojan Vermont Yankee White House Peace Vigil Y-12 Weapons Plant Yankee Rowe
Books	Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power Critical Masses: Opposition to Nuclear Power in California, 1958–1978 The Cult of the Atom The Doomsday Machine (book) Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy Killing Our Own Licensed to Kill? The Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Shoreham Power Plant Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West Nuclear Implosions: The Rise and Fall of the Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Politics in America We Almost Lost Detroit
Films	Atomic Ed and the Black Hole The China Syndrome Countdown to Zero Dark Circle Nuclear Tipping Point Silkwood