Jump to content

Glaucoma medication

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Glaucoma medication
Latanoprost
SpecialtyOphthalmology

Glaucoma medication is divided into groups based on chemical structure and pharmacologic action. The goal of currently available glaucoma therapy is to preserve visual function by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients that have an increased intraocular pressure.

Medical uses

[edit]

Agents in common clinical use include:[1][2]

When comparing people with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, medical intraocular pressure lowering treatment slowed down the progression of visual field loss.[4]

Comparison table

[edit]
Name Other names Mechanism of action Dosage IOP decrease Side effects
Prostaglandin analogs
Latanoprost Xalatan Increased USO (uveoscleral outflow ) Once daily 25-32% pigmentation of eyelashes, eyelid skin pigmentation, hyperemia (red eye), flu-like symptoms (joint/muscle pain and headache)
Bimatoprost Lumigan Increased USO (uveoscleral outflow ) Once daily blurred vision, eyelid redness, eye discomfort, permanently darken iris, darken/thicken eyelashes
Travoprost Travatan Increased USO (uveoscleral outflow ) Once daily blurred vision, eyelid redness, eye discomfort, permanently darken iris, darken/thicken eyelashes
Beta blockers
Timolol Timoptic Decrease aqueous production Every 12 hours 20-30% bronchospams, bradycardia, depression, impotence
Betaxolol Betoptic Decrease aqueous production Every 12 hours 15-20% Fewer pulmonary complications due to selective Beta blockage
Adrenergic agents
Brimonidine Alphagan Decrease aqueous production, increase USO every 8–12 hours 20-30% blurring, foreign body sensation, eyelid edema, dryness, headache, fatigue, hypotension, depression, insomnia
Miotics
Pilocarpine Isoptocarpine, Pilocar Increase trabecular outflow Every 6–12 hours 15-25% posterior synechia, keratitis, miosis, brow ache, cataract, myopia, retinal tear, dermatitis, increased salivation
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Dorzolamide Trusopt Decrease aqueous production Every 8–12 hours 15-20% eye irritation, bitter taste
Brinzolamide Azopt Decrease aqueous production Every 8–12 hours 15-20% eye irritation, bitter taste
Acetazolamide Diamox Decrease aqueous production Every 6–12 hours 15-20% malaise, depression, weight loss, kidney stones

Combinations

[edit]

Fotil is a combination drug consisting of:[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Basic and clinical science course (2011–2012). Glaucoma. American Academy of Ophthalmology. ISBN 978-1615251179.
  2. ^ Myron Yanoff; Jay S. Duker (2009). Ophthalmology (3rd ed.). Mosby Elsevier. ISBN 9780323043328.
  3. ^ "Nitric Oxide-Donating Drugs for IOP Lowering".
  4. ^ Vass, C.; Hirn, C.; Sycha, T.; Findl, O.; Bauer, P.; Schmetterer, L. (2007-10-17). "Medical interventions for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (4): CD003167. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003167.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6768994. PMID 17943780.
  5. ^ FASS (drug formulary): Fotil. Retrieved 2015-02-17