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Gadd7

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
gadd7
Conserved secondary structure of gadd7 RNA
Identifiers
Symbolgadd7
RfamRF01800
Other data
RNA typeGene
Domain(s)Cricetulus
PDB structuresPDBe

gadd7 (growth arrested DNA-damage inducible gene 7) is a non-coding RNA discovered in the ovaries of the chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). Homologs have been identified in the closely related Long-tailed Dwarf Hamster (C. longicaudatus).[1] Although the gene for this RNA contains open reading frames, translation studies found no protein product hence gadd7 has been classified as non-coding RNA.[2][3]

gadd7 was previously characterised as a hydrogen peroxide-inducible transcript[3] but has more recently been linked with lipotoxicity[1] - where the accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissue brings about cell death.[4] gadd7 appears to be a key element in the lipotoxicty pathway, when it is knocked out the resulting mutant is much more resistant to oxidative stress.

The proposed mechanism for gadd7's role in lipotoxicity is:[1]

  1. The lipid palmitate builds to high concentration within a cell
  2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated
  3. This stress induces the expression of gadd7
  4. A feed-forward mechanism occurs
  5. ER stress brings about death of the cell

References

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  1. ^ a b c Brookheart RT, Michel CI, Listenberger LL, Ory DS, Schaffer JE (March 2009). "The non-coding RNA gadd7 is a regulator of lipid-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress". J. Biol. Chem. 284 (12): 7446–7454. doi:10.1074/jbc.M806209200. PMC 2658040. PMID 19150982. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
  2. ^ Hollander MC, Alamo I, Fornace AJ (May 1996). "A novel DNA damage-inducible transcript, gadd7, inhibits cell growth, but lacks a protein product". Nucleic Acids Res. 24 (9): 1589–1593. doi:10.1093/nar/24.9.1589. PMC 145844. PMID 8649973.
  3. ^ a b Crawford DR, Schools GP, Salmon SL, Davies KJ (January 1996). "Hydrogen peroxide induces the expression of adapt15, a novel RNA associated with polysomes in hamster HA-1 cells". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 325 (2): 256–264. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0032. PMID 8561505.
  4. ^ Unger RH (2002). "Lipotoxic diseases". Annu. Rev. Med. 53: 319–336. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104057. PMID 11818477. Retrieved 2010-07-23.

Further reading

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