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Euphorbia crenulata

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Euphorbia crenulata

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species:
E. crenulata
Binomial name
Euphorbia crenulata

Euphorbia crenulata is a species of spurge native to the western United States, especially California and Oregon. Its common name is beetle spurge.[1] It blooms between May and August.[2]

Description

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Its leaves vary in shape and size but they often curve up and come together to form a bowl shape. The small fruits are green, fleshy, and lobed. The flower has two distinct horns.

Phylogeny and Taxonomy

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According to the Catalogue of Life, there are 2,129 accepted species within Euphorbia.[3] E. crenulata belongs to Euphorbia sect. Tithymalus along with 31 other species, including the petty spurge (E. peplus).[4] E. crenulata closely resembles the European E. peplus. They differ only in seed pitting characteristics and lower leaf petioles.[5]

Euphorbia sect. Tithymalus
Phylogeny of Euphorbia sect. Tithymalus based on a 2014 review of plastid DNA sequences.[6]

(9 species) 

Esuliformis Clade

(7 species)

Brachycera Clade

(3 species)

Southern Annual Clade
 

E. austrotexana — south Texas spurge (south Texas plains) 

E. longicruris — wedgeleaf spurge (Edwards Plateau, north-central Texas, and eastern part of Plains Country of Texas; Oklahoma & Mexico)[7]

E. roemeriana — Roemer's spurge (endemic to Eastern part of the Edwards Plateau of Texas)[8]

E. ouachitana — Ouachita spurge (Ouachita and Ozark mountains in eastern North America)

E. tetrapora — weak spurge (S. Oklahoma to Central Louisiana)

E. commutata — tinted woodland spurge (eastern North America)

E. crenulata beetle spurge (S. Oregon to California, SW. Colorado to NW. New Mexico)[3]

Northern Annual Clade

E. peplus — petty spurge (Europe, northern Africa, western Asia)

E. herniariifolia (Mediterranean)[9] 

E. isaurica (southern Türkiye)[10]

Old World Tithymalus


References

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  1. ^ a b NatureServe (2024). "Euphorbia crenulata". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  2. ^ "Euphorbia crenulata". Calflora. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  3. ^ a b "Euphorbia crenulata Engelm". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  4. ^ "Euphorbia sect. Tithymalus". Open Tree of Life. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  5. ^ "Euphorbia crenulata". OregonFlora. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  6. ^ Peirson; Riina; Mayfield; Ferguson; Urbatsch; Berry (2014-03-23). "Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the New World leafy spurges, Euphorbia section Tithymalus (Euphorbiaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (2): 191–228. doi:10.1111/boj.12167. hdl:2027.42/107503.
  7. ^ "Euphorbia longicruris". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  8. ^ "Euphorbia roemeriana". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  9. ^ "Euphorbia herniariifolia". Cretan Flora. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  10. ^ "Euphorbia isaurica". Kew Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
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