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Ancient Diocese of Saint-Malo

Coordinates: 48°39′N 2°02′W / 48.65°N 2.03°W / 48.65; -2.03
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This article is about the diocese of Aleth (Saint-Malo) in Brittany. For the diocese in Languedoc, see Roman Catholic Diocese of Alet.
Diocese of Saint-Malo

Dioecesis Maclovensis
Saint-Malo Cathedral
Location
CountryFrance
Ecclesiastical provinceTours
Information
DenominationCatholic
RiteRoman
Dissolved1790 / 1801
LanguageLatin
Map
The former bishopric of Saint-Malo

The former Breton and French Catholic Diocese of Saint-Malo (Latin: Dioecesis Alethensis, then Dioecesis Macloviensis) existed from at least the 7th century until the French Revolution. Its seat was at Aleth up to some point in the 12th century, when it moved to Saint-Malo. Its territory extended over some of the modern departments of Ille-et-Vilaine, Côtes-d'Armor, and Morbihan. Until the 860s, it was sometimes termed the bishopric in (the monastery of) Poutrocoet.

History

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In early Brittany, church organization was not centered on cities and dioceses, since the Roman system of government had not reached so far to the west and north, but on monasteries, populated from the British isles and Ireland.[1] Dol, Treguier, and Alet were considered monastery-bishoprics until the 11th century.[2]

Already by the mid-6th century the metropolitan bishop of Tours was struggling to exert his authority over the bishops of Brittany. At the Council of Tours in 567, which was attended by no bishop of Brittany, a canon forbade the consecration of any bishop of Armorica without the consent of the metropolitan.[3]

In 826, after two generations of warfare between Franks and Britons, Brittany was conquered, and created a duchy by the Franks. Louis the Pious made the Breton Nominoe the first duke.[4] But when the Emperor Louis died in 840, Nominoe embarked on an independence campaign for Brittany, which included ridding himself of bishops who had supported the Gallicising of the Breton church. Simony was a convenient charge.[5]

Bishop Rethwalatrus is referred to as Redhuualatro episcopo in Poutrocoet in a document of 863, in the cartulary of Redon,[6] and again in 858.[7]

Eventually, Saint-Malo became the seat of the bishop,[8] though it is still in a monastery. In 1062, Bishop Rainaldus signed himself episcopus de Masloo de Bidainono[9]

Bishops of Aleth

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P. B. Gams points out that all names before 817 are at least doubtful.[10]
  • Aaron
  • Suliac
  • Saint Malo or Maclovius (487–565)[11]
  • Gurval[12]
  • Colfin oder Colaphin
  • Armael oder Armel
  • Enogat
  • Maëlmon, ca. 650
  • Godefroi or Geofroi c. 656
  • Oedmal
  • Hamon I.
  • Noedi
  • Ritwal
  • Tutamen
  • Ravili
  • Bili I.
  • Meen or Moene
  • Ebon or Edon
  • Guibon or Guibert
  • Hamon II.
  • Walter
  • Cadocanan
  • Rivallon I.
  • Judicaël I.
  • Réginald or Regimond
  • Menfenic
  • Budic or Benedikt
  • Docmaël or Idomaël
  • Johannes
  • Walter
  • Hélogard or Haelocar (811–816)[13]
  • Ermorus or Ermor (833–834)[14]
  • Iarnwaltus or Jarnuvalt (835–837)[15]
  • Main, Maen or Mahen (840–846)[16]
  • ? Salocon (c. 848)[17]
  • Rethwalatrus or Retuvalart (857–867)[18]
  • Ratvomo or Ratwili (867–872)[19]
  • Bilius[20]
  • Salvator (tenth century)
  • Rouaud oder Raoul um 990
  • Vakanz 999–1028
  • Hamon III. c. 1028
  • Martin c. 1054
  • Vakanz 1054–1062
  • Renaud or Rainaud c. 1062
  • Vakanz 1062–1085
  • Daniel I. c. 1085
  • Benedict (II.)
  • Judicaël II. 1089–1111
  • Rivallon II. 1112–1118
  • Daniel II. c. 1120
  • Donoald 1120–1143

Bishops of Saint-Malo

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1146–1400

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  • Jean de Châtillon (1146–1163)
  • Albert or Aubert (1163–1184)
  • Pierre Giraud or Géraud (1184–1218)[21]
  • Radulfus (1219–1230)[22]
  • Geoffroi de Pontual 1231–1255
  • Nicolas de Flac 1254–1262
  • Phillipe de Bouchalampe 1263
  • Simon de Cliçon or Clisson 1264–1286
  • Robert du Pont 1287–1309
  • Raoul Rousselet 1310–1317
  • Alain Gonthier 1318–1333
  • Yves le Prévôt de Bois Boëssel 1333–1348
  • Guillaume Mahé 1348–1349
  • Pierre Benoît or de Guémené 1349–1359
  • Guillaume Poulart 1359–1374
  • Josselin de Rohan 1375–1389
  • Robert de la Motte d'Acigné 1389–1423

1423–1827

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Louis Gougaud, Les chrétientés celtiques, (in French), (Paris: J. Gabalda, 1911), pp. 121-123: "Le monastère est le berceau de l'évêché. Il n'y a pas de diocèses à territoires nettement délimités . L'évêque-abbé exerce sa juridiction sur l'abbaye-mère d'abord, puis sur ses autres monastères, enfin sur un certain nombre de plou, ou paroisses, situés dans le voisinage de ces établissements ou même enclavés dans une autre zone juridictionnelle."
  2. ^ Gougaud, p. 122: "Dol, Alet, Tréguier sont considérés, dans les textes, jusqu'au XIe siècle , comme des monastères-évêchés. Le Pontificale Lanaletense (x1° siècle) , par exemple, contient une formule d'excommunication à l'usage du Lan-Aletensis monasterii episcopus."
  3. ^ Canon 9, in: C. De Clercq, Concilia Galliae, A. 511 — A. 695. (in Latin), (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 179: "Adicimus etiam, ne quis Brittanum aut Romanum in Armorico sine metropolis aut comprouincialium uoluntate uel Uteris episcopum ordinare praesumat. Quod si quis contraire temptauerit, sententiam in anterioribus canonibus prolatam obseruet et a nostra caritate usque ad maiorem synodum se cognoscat esse remotum...." Gougaud, p. 126
  4. ^ Ferdinand Lot, "Nominoé, Erispoé, et l'Empereure Lothaire," (in French and Latin), in: Annales de Bretagne Vol. 22 (Paris: Champion 1907), pp. 239-246.
  5. ^ Gougaud, pp. 127-128
  6. ^ Aurélien de Courson, Cartulaire de L'Abbaye de Redon en Bretagne, (in French and Latin), (Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1863), p. 20, no XXIV. Gallia christiana XIV, p. 997.
  7. ^ Cartulaire de Redon, p. 159, no CCIV: "Rethuualatro episcopo in Poutrocoet." Louis Duchesne, Les anciens catalogues épiscopaux de la province de Tours, (in French), (Paris: E. Thorin, 1890), p. 96, note 1.
  8. ^ Ferdinand Lot, Mélanges d'histoire bretonne (VIe-XIe siècle), (in French), (Paris: H. Champion, 1907), pp. 27-29.
  9. ^ That is, Bishop of Saint-Malo de Beignon. Cartulaire de Redon, p. 383, no. LX. Gougaud, p. 122.
  10. ^ Gams, p. 618, col. 1: "omnes admodum dubii ante 817."
  11. ^ Maclovius: Louis Duchesne, "La vie de Saint Malo: étude critique," (in French), in: Etudes celtiques Vol. 11 (Paris: E. Bouillon 1890), pp. 1-22.
  12. ^ Gurval: John O'Hanlon, Lives of the Irish saints, Volume 6 (Dublin: J. Duffy 1873), pp. 217-220.
  13. ^ Bishop Helogar, Alethensis episcopus, was a great help to Charlemagne during the Breton revolt of 811, as a charter of Louis the Pious indicates: Ferdinand Lot, Mélanges d'histoire bretonne (VIe-XIe siècle), (Paris: Champion 1907), p. 28, note 2. Duchesne, p. 383, no. 1.
  14. ^ Ermor: Duchesne, p. 384, no. 2.
  15. ^ Iarnwalt: Duchesne, p. 384, no. 3.
  16. ^ Mahen: Hauréau, Gallia christiana XIV, p. 997. Duchesne, p. 384, no. 4.
  17. ^ Saloco was deposed, and retreated to Autun, where he became an auxiliary bishop for Bishop Jonas. Duchesne, p. 384, no. 5. He is rejected by Hauréau, Gallia christiana XIV, p. 997, "Post Maenum Salaconem quidam ponunt. Is autem Dolensis erat episcopus."
  18. ^ Rethwalatr: Hauréau, Gallia christiana XIV, p. 997. Duchesne, p. 384, no. 6.
  19. ^ Ratuili, Rethwalatrus: Hauréau, Gallia christiana XIV, p. 997. Duchesne, p. 384-385, no. 7.
  20. ^ Bilius had been Bishop Ratuili's deacon, and was the author of the "Life of St. Malo." Haureau remarks doubtfully, "A Ratuilo ad Salvatorem plurium epiuscoporum nomina desunt. Bilius quiden a nonnullis post Ratuilum collocatur. Is vero Venetensis sub idem tempus praesul erat." Hauréau, Gallia christiana XIV, p. 998. Duchesne, p. 385, no. 8.
  21. ^ Bishop Pierre died on 10 September 1218. Gams, p. 618, col. 2. Eubel I, p. 319.
  22. ^ Bishop Radulfus died on 8 October 1230. Gams, p. 618, col. 2. Eubel I, p. 319.

Sources

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  • Duchesne, Louis Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule: Vol. II: L'Aquitaine et les Lyonnaises. (in French). deuxième edition. Paris: Thorin & fils, 1899
  • Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo. Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. pp. 548–549. (Use with caution; obsolete)
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. p. 301.
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 2 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. p. 175.
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1923). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. 3 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
  • Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. IV (1592-1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. p. 219.
  • Hauréau, Bartholomaeus (1856). Gallia Christiana: in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa. (in Latin). Volume 14 Paris: Didot, 1856. pp. 993-1037; "instrumenta," pp. 233-244.
  • Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi (in Latin). Vol. V (1667-1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio.
  • Jean, Armand (1891). Les évêques et les archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801 (in French). Paris: A. Picard.
  • Pisani, Paul (1907). Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791-1802) (in French). Paris: A. Picard et fils.

48°39′N 2°02′W / 48.65°N 2.03°W / 48.65; -2.03

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