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Cliff/Cannon, Spokane

Coordinates: 47°38′43.5″N 117°25′32.3″W / 47.645417°N 117.425639°W / 47.645417; -117.425639
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Cliff/Cannon
Cliff/Cannon in the foreground south of Interstate 90
Cliff/Cannon in the foreground south of Interstate 90
Location within the city of Spokane
Location within the city of Spokane
Coordinates: 47°38′43.5″N 117°25′32.3″W / 47.645417°N 117.425639°W / 47.645417; -117.425639
CountryUnited States
StateWashington
CountySpokane
CitySpokane
Population
 • Total8,352
 [1]
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
99204, 99203
Area code509

Cliff/Cannon is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington.[2] It is located immediately south of Downtown, Spokane, and on the lower reaches of the broader South Hill. The neighborhood is home to a medical district with Sacred Heart and Deaconess both having their main hospital campuses along Cliff/Cannon's denser northern edge. To the south the neighborhood becomes more residential. City parks break up the residential zoning of the southern half of Cliff/Cannon. It is adjacent to the Cannon Hill area of the neighboring but separate Manito/Cannon Hill neighborhood.[3] The Marycliff-Cliff Park Historic District, a National Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located within the neighborhood.[4]

Geography

[edit]
The cliff for which the neighborhood is named

Cliff/Cannon is a neighborhood in Spokane located on the south side of the city. Cliff/Cannon is located directly between the central business district and the more suburban, residential South Hill.

There are multiple medical campuses in the northern portion of the neighborhood, from roughly Monroe Street on the west to Division Street to the east, and extending beyond out of the neighborhood into East Central. This large medical district with the campuses of both Sacred Heart and Deaconess hospitals borders the central business district of Spokane, which lies immediately to the north on the other side of Interstate 90.[3]

Lewis and Clark High School, which serves the neighborhood and broader South Hill area is located between the two hospital campuses, just south of I-90.[3]

The neighborhood is defined by the hillsides on which it is located. The northernmost portion of the neighborhood at Interstate 90 is in the relatively flat valley of the Spokane River. To the south at 16 Avenue, the neighborhood rises above the river to the level of the surrounding Columbia Plateau. On the west the boundary of the neighborhood is defined by the steep hillside dropping down to Latah Creek. Terrain generally increases in elevation as you move northwest to southeast through the neighborhood, with the steepest and most dramatic inclines found on the northern and western areas of Cliff/Cannon.[5]

History

[edit]
Anthony McCue Cannon (1839–1895)

The Spokane inhabited what is now Cliff/Cannon for hundreds of years before European settlers arrived. The Spokane used the basalt outcroppings in the area as vistas, looking out across the broad valley and plains that surround the area.[6]

The first European settler in what is now Cliff/Cannon was Reverend Henry Thomas Cowley. Cowley, with the help of some of the native Spokane, built a log cabin and school in what is now Cowley Park in the northeastern corner of the neighborhood. The school became a gathering place for the native population.[3]

Development of the neighborhood began to accelerate in 1883, when the western area known as Cannon's Addition was platted by Anthony McCue Cannon. Initial development of Cannon's Addition was focused on wealthy and powerful residents of the nascent city of Spokane. Large mansions were built along the base and crest of the basalt cliff which runs roughly parallel to the Spokane River in downtown.[3] One of the founders of Spokane, James N. Glover built a Tudor Revival mansion below the cliff at 8th and Washington in 1888.[7] Railroad magnate D.C. Glover built a Colonial Revival mansion nearby at 7th and Stevens in 1898.[8] Like many homes in the neighborhood, both were designed by architect Kirtland Cutter, who was a prolific architect in the early decades of Spokane. Both are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, [7][8] as is the wider Marycliff-Cliff Park Historic District.[9]

The Undercliff and Corbin House at the Marycliff Center

The school that would eventually become Lewis and Clark was first built at Fourth and Stevens in 1883, and then moved a block away in 1891. The school, originally known as Central High school, then known as South Central High School, to contrast with North Central High School north of the river, burned down in 1910. The school was rebuilt in 1911 in the Collegiate Gothic style and took on its present name of Lewis and Clark.[3] The new school's cornerstone was laid by former President Teddy Roosevelt on April 8, 1911.[10]

In 1904 the Cliff Park section of the neighborhood began to develop around the eponymous 4.5-acre (0.018 km2) park which surrounds a volcanic basalt outcropping that rises above the surrounding area. The first decade of the 1900s also saw development continue in Cannon's Addition to the west. An area along 9th Avenue in Cannon's Addition featuring large Tudor Revival, Queen Anne and neoclassical homes alongside more modest bungalow and Craftsman homes. The Ninth Avenue Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[11] Between 1900 and 1910, 264 homes were built in the Cliff Park and Cannon's Addition areas that have remained intact (as of 2021). This explosion in growth was facilitated by the arrival of a streetcar line that made traversing the steep incline of the lower South Hill easier, and thus the neighborhood is an example of a streetcar suburb.[12] Prior to the streetcar, the first being the ill-fated line on the Monroe Street hill built in 1890 which snapped in the winter of 1894 and then the electric line that ran up Cannon Hill along Maple, Madison, Jefferson, and Adams, the neighborhood was overlooked for development in favor of flatter areas in downtown and Browne's Addition.[12][13] Unlike previous waves of construction, the first decade of the 20th century saw the arrival of less wealthy and minority groups.[13] The neighborhood was one of few areas where African-American and Jewish residents could purchase a home.[12]

In 1931, students from Lewis and Clark High School, which is located in the northern and lower portion of the neighborhood, built a path known as the Tiger Trail, for the school's mascot, up the hill through what is now Edwidge Woldson Park. As of 2018, the path is still used to connect the lower portion of the neighborhood, and the city, with the upper areas.[14] The park was established as Pioneer Park in 1945 when the city purchased the Corbin House and adjacent properties and gardens.[3]

The Park Inn was established at Ninth and Grand in 1932. It has been in continuous operation at that location ever since, making it Spokane's oldest restaurant.[15]

From 1965 to 1971, Interstate 90 was built across the entire northern edge of the neighborhood, resulting in the demolition of many historic structures.[3]

Historic places

[edit]

In addition to Marycliff-Cliff Park and Ninth Avenue Historic Districts, Cliff/Cannon is home to 17 other properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places on their own merit.

[16] Name on the Register Image Date listed[17] Location Description
1 Dr. Robert and Jessie Bell House
Dr. Robert and Jessie Bell House
Dr. Robert and Jessie Bell House
August 24, 2005
(#05000921)
917 S. Lincoln St.
47°38′57″N 117°25′27″W / 47.649167°N 117.424167°W / 47.649167; -117.424167 (Dr. Robert and Jessie Bell House)
Built in 1908.
2 J. W. Binkley House
J. W. Binkley House
J. W. Binkley House
March 31, 1989
(#89000211)
628 S. Maple
47°39′01″N 117°26′06″W / 47.650278°N 117.435°W / 47.650278; -117.435 (J. W. Binkley House)
3 Breslin
Breslin
Breslin
February 12, 1987
(#87000095)
S. 729 Bernard
47°38′56″N 117°24′54″W / 47.648889°N 117.415°W / 47.648889; -117.415 (Breslin)
Built in 1910.
3 Kenneth and Edna Brooks House
Kenneth and Edna Brooks House
Kenneth and Edna Brooks House
September 15, 2004
(#04001006)
723 W. Sumner Ave.
47°38′48″N 117°25′15″W / 47.646667°N 117.420833°W / 47.646667; -117.420833 (Kenneth and Edna Brooks House)
Built in 1956.
4 Coolidge-Rising House
Coolidge-Rising House
Coolidge-Rising House
May 19, 1988
(#88000598)
W. 1405 Ninth Ave.
47°38′50″N 117°25′54″W / 47.6472°N 117.4317°W / 47.6472; -117.4317 (Coolidge-Rising House)
Built circa 1906.
5 Corbet-Aspray House
Corbet-Aspray House
Corbet-Aspray House
November 30, 1999
(#99001454)
820 W. 7th Ave.
47°38′59″N 117°25′22″W / 47.6497°N 117.4228°W / 47.6497; -117.4228 (Corbet-Aspray House)
Built in 1908.
6 Daniel C. and Anna Corbin House
Daniel C. and Anna Corbin House
Daniel C. and Anna Corbin House
May 10, 2004
(#04000157)
507 W. Seventh Ave.
47°39′02″N 117°25′11″W / 47.6506°N 117.4197°W / 47.6506; -117.4197 (Daniel C. and Anna Corbin House)
Built in 1898.
7 Cowley Park
Cowley Park
Cowley Park
February 6, 1973
(#73001891)
S. Division St. between 6th and 7th Aves.
47°38′58″N 117°24′39″W / 47.6494°N 117.4108°W / 47.6494; -117.4108 (Cowley Park)
Built in 1917
8 First Congregational Church of Spokane
First Congregational Church of Spokane
First Congregational Church of Spokane
April 26, 1978
(#78002775)
W. 311-329 4th Ave.
47°39′08″N 117°24′59″W / 47.652222°N 117.416389°W / 47.652222; -117.416389 (First Congregational Church of Spokane)
Built in 1890.
9 Glover House
Glover House
Glover House
August 14, 1973
(#73001892)
W. 321 8th Ave.
47°38′54″N 117°24′57″W / 47.648333°N 117.415833°W / 47.648333; -117.415833 (Glover House)
Built circa 1888, this home was designed by Kirtland Cutter.
10 Hill–Hilscher House
Hill–Hilscher House
Hill–Hilscher House
January 8, 2014
(#13001063)
1638 S. Cedar St.
47°38′22″N 117°25′58″W / 47.639576°N 117.432784°W / 47.639576; -117.432784 (Hill–Hilscher House)
11 Knickerbocker
Knickerbocker
Knickerbocker
February 12, 1987
(#87000096)
S. 501-507 Howard
47°39′05″N 117°25′10″W / 47.651389°N 117.419444°W / 47.651389; -117.419444 (Knickerbocker)
Built in 1912.
12 Levesque-Majer House
Levesque-Majer House
Levesque-Majer House
January 14, 2015
(#14001162)
1708 S. Maple Blvd.
47°38′20″N 117°26′03″W / 47.6389°N 117.4342°W / 47.6389; -117.4342 (Levesque-Majer House)
13 Lewis and Clark High School
Lewis and Clark High School
Lewis and Clark High School
December 6, 1990
(#90001860)
W. 521 4th Ave.
47°39′08″N 117°25′09″W / 47.652222°N 117.419167°W / 47.652222; -117.419167 (Lewis and Clark High School)
14 Victor & Jean Piollet House
Victor & Jean Piollet House
Victor & Jean Piollet House
December 13, 2010
(#10001019)
606 W. 16th Ave.
47°38′28″N 117°25′15″W / 47.641111°N 117.420833°W / 47.641111; -117.420833 (Victor & Jean Piollet House)
15 Robinwood Apartments
Robinwood Apartments
Robinwood Apartments
March 30, 2005
(#05000248)
209-223 West Ninth Ave.
47°38′57″N 117°24′54″W / 47.649167°N 117.415°W / 47.649167; -117.415 (Robinwood Apartments)
Built in 1939.
16 Roosevelt Apartments
Roosevelt Apartments
Roosevelt Apartments
August 10, 2000
(#00000969)
524 W. Seventh Ave.
47°38′59″N 117°24′59″W / 47.649722°N 117.416389°W / 47.649722; -117.416389 (Roosevelt Apartments)
Built in 1929.
17 Lawrence and Lydia Weaver House
Lawrence and Lydia Weaver House
Lawrence and Lydia Weaver House
March 13, 2002
(#02000186)
520 W. 16th Ave.
47°38′29″N 117°25′07″W / 47.641389°N 117.418611°W / 47.641389; -117.418611 (Lawrence and Lydia Weaver House)
Built in 1910.

Demographics

[edit]
Plymouth Congregational Church

As of 2017, the population of Cliff/Cannon was 8,352 in 4,619 households. 68.8% of those households are rented, compared with 45.3% for the city. 16.8% of Cliff/Cannon residents are 19 years or under, compared to 21.9% citywide. 12.3% are age 65 or above, compared to 14.5% citywide. 22.7% of people in Cliff/Cannon identify as people of color, compared to 15.1% citywide. The median household income in Cliff/Cannon is $33,045, compared to $44,768 for the whole city.[1]

90.8% of residents were born in the United States. Of foreign born residents, 16.4% came from the Philippines, 14% from Burma, 9.3% from Canada and 5.5% from Mexico.[1]

Education

[edit]
View from the Tiger Trail, named for and often used by students of LCHS

Cliff/Cannon is served by Spokane Public Schools and home to two schools, both public. Roosevelt Elementary is located on 14th Avenue and serves the entire neighborhood with the exception of one square block in the far southwest that is served by Wilson Elementary in the adjacent Manito/Cannon Hill neighborhood. Both schools feed into Sacajawea Middle School in the Comstock neighborhood before feeding into Lewis and Clark High School, which is located on 4th Avenue in Cliff/Cannon.[18][19]

Transportation

[edit]

Highway

[edit]

I-90 passes east–west as the northern boundary of Cliff/Cannon.[20]

U.S. 2 passes east–west as the northern boundary of Cliff/Cannon concurrent with I-90 to Division Street.[20]

U.S. 395 passes east–west as the northern boundary of Cliff/Cannon concurrent with I-90 to Division Street.[20]

Surface Streets

[edit]
An entrance to the neighborhood just south of downtown and I-90 on Jefferson Street

Interstate 90 defines the northern border of the neighborhood, and has exits at Maple Street, Lincoln Street and Division Street. On ramps are located at Maple Street, Monroe Street and Division Street. U.S. Route 2 runs along a concurrency with I-90 through Cliff/Cannon.[21] The area is somewhat notable for its small concentration of red brick streets. Some of the oldest streets in the city are in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood on Spokane's lower South Hill, where there are multiple blocks of extant brick roads that were laid in the early 20th century.[22] The exposed brick sections of Madison Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenue and Eighth and Ninth Avenue were laid down on August 6, 1908.[22] Most of the areas that once had brick streets have been covered by a layer of cheaper-to-maintain asphalt by city maintenance crews over the years and can only be seen when potholes form and expose them.

A pedestrian stairway, known as the Tiger Trail after Lewis and Clark High School's mascot, traverses the cliff through Edwidge Woldson Park from Cliff Drive to Seventh Avenue, three blocks due south of the high school. The trail was constructed in 1931 and is still used to this day by Lewis and Clark students traveling to and from school, as well as the general public.[14]

Public Transit

[edit]

Cliff/Cannon, like the rest of the Spokane metropolitan area, has public transit provided by the Spokane Transit Authority. The STA serves Cliff/Cannon with four fixed-route bus lines.[23]

Route Termini Service operation and notes Streets traveled
4
Moran Prairie
Downtown Spokane
STA Plaza
Glenrose
Moran Station Park & Ride
Frequent route Sprague, Washington/Stevens, 8th/9th, Grand
12
Southside Medical Shuttle
Downtown Spokane
STA Plaza
University District
Gateway Bridge
Shuttle route Wall, 6th, Bernard, 5th, Division, 7th, McClellan, 8th, Rockwood, Cowley
14
South Adams
Downtown Spokane
STA Plaza
Cliff/Cannon
Regular route Wall, 5th, Adams, 10th, Madison, 14th, Cedar, 8th
43
Lincoln/37th
Downtown Spokane
STA Plaza
Lincoln Heights
South Hill Park & Ride
Regular route Maple/Walnut, 14th, Lincoln

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Cliff/Cannon Neighborhood Snapshot" (PDF). spokanecity.org. City of Spokane. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Cliff Cannon Neighborhood Council". spokanecity.org. City of Spokane. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Cliff Cannon Neighborhood Profile" (PDF). spokanecity.org. City of Spokane. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  4. ^ "NATIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM" (PDF). historicspokane.org. National Park Service. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  5. ^ USGS (2020). "Spokane NW Quadrangle" (Quadrangle Map). usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  6. ^ Rebstock, Tracy L. "Cliff Park". spokanehistorical.org. Eastern Washington University. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Glover Mansion". historicspokane.org. City - County of Spokane Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Corbin House". historicspokane.org. City - County of Spokane Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  9. ^ "Marycliff-Cliff Park Historic District". historicspokane.org. City - County of Spokane Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  10. ^ "LC History". spokaneschools.org. Spokane Public Schools. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  11. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form" (PDF). historicspokane.org. U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  12. ^ a b c Holm, Samantha (October 13, 2022). "The Cliff/Cannon neighborhood on Spokane's lower South Hill could get historic protections — if homeowners want it". Inlander. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Deshais, Nicholas (11 January 2021). "Getting There: Preservationists seek to protect the South Hill 's architectural legacy, celebrate its streetcar connection". The Spokesman-Review.
  14. ^ a b Deshais, Nicholas (July 22, 2018). "The stories behind the stairs: Big steps taken to connect Spokane communities". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  15. ^ Brand, Nathan (9 January 2013). "Park Inn: The Untold Story". The Inlander. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  16. ^ Numbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
  17. ^ The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.
  18. ^ "Elementary School Boundary Map" (PDF). spokaneschools.org. Spokane Public Schools. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  19. ^ "High School Boundary Map" (PDF). spokaneschools.org. Spokane Public Schools. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  20. ^ a b c "Spokane NW Quadrangle". usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. 2020. Archived from the original (7.5 minute quadrangle topographical map) on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  21. ^ "Official Arterial Street Map" (PDF). spokanecity.org. City of Spokane. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  22. ^ a b Deshais, Nicholas (August 3, 2017). "Beneath the asphalt: Spokane's historic brick streets endure the decades". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  23. ^ "STA Transit Map July 2023" (PDF). spokanetransit.com. Spokane Transit Authority. Retrieved 16 July 2023.