Jump to content

Clevedon

Coordinates: 51°26′17″N 2°51′14″W / 51.438°N 2.854°W / 51.438; -2.854
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Clevedon, Somerset)
For other uses, see Clevedon (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Cliveden.

Clevedon
View of Clevedon from the air, showing the pier
Clevedon is located in Somerset
Clevedon
Clevedon
Location within Somerset
Population22,000 [1]
OS grid referenceST406714
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCLEVEDON
Postcode districtBS21
Dialling code01275
PoliceAvon and Somerset
FireAvon
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Somerset
51°26′17″N 2°51′14″W / 51.438°N 2.854°W / 51.438; -2.854

Clevedon (/ˈkliːvdən/, KLEEV-dən) is a seaside town and civil parish in the unitary authority of North Somerset, England. It recorded a parish population of 21,281 in the United Kingdom Census 2011, estimated at 21,442 in 2019.[1] It lies along the Severn Estuary, among small hills that include Church Hill, Wain's Hill (topped by the remains of an Iron Age hill fort), Dial Hill, Strawberry Hill, Castle Hill, Hangstone Hill and Court Hill, a Site of Special Scientific Interest with overlaid Pleistocene deposits. It features in the Domesday Book of 1086. Clevedon grew in the Victorian period as a seaside resort.

Facilities and functions

[edit]

The seafront has ornamental gardens, a Victorian bandstand and other attractions. Salthouse Field has a light railway running round the perimeter and is used for donkey rides in the summer. The shore consists of pebbled beaches and low rocky cliffs, with an old harbour at the western edge of the town, at the mouth of the Land Yeo. The rocky beach has been designated as the Clevedon Shore Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Clevedon Pier, which opened in 1869, is one of the earliest surviving examples of a Victorian pier. On 17 October 1970, two outward spans collapsed when the seventh set of legs from the shore failed during a routine insurance load test. A trust was eventually formed and the pier and its buildings were restored and reopened on 27 May 1989, when the Waverley paddle steamer berthed and took on passengers. Other landmarks include Walton Castle, Clevedon Court, the Clock Tower, and the Curzon Cinema.

Clevedon's light industry is located mainly in industrial estates, including Hither Green Trading Estate near the M5 motorway junction. It is a dormitory town for Bristol. The town is home to educational, religious and cultural buildings and sports clubs.

History

[edit]
Clevedon about 1900

The name derives from the Old English, cleve meaning "cleave" or "cleft" and don meaning "hill".[2][3]

Wain's Hill is an univallate Iron Age hill fort situated approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) south-west of Clevedon. The hill fort is defined by a steep, natural slope from the south and north with two ramparts to the east.[4]

The 1086 Domesday Book mentions Clevedon as a holding of a tenant-in-chief by the name of Mathew of Mortaigne,[5] with eight villagers and ten smallholders.[6] The parish of Clevedon formed part of the Portbury Hundred.[7]

Two small rivers, the Land Yeo and Middle Yeo, supported at least two mills. The Tuck Mills lay in the fields south of Clevedon Court and were used for fulling cloth. Other mills near Wain's Hill probably date from the early 17th century.[8]

Victorian Clevedon changed from a farming village into a popular seaside town.[9] The Victorian craze for sea bathing was met in the late 19th century by saltwater baths next to the pier (since demolished, though foundations remain), and bathing machines on the main beach.[10]

Clevedon Pier, which opened in 1869

Clevedon was the site of St Edith's Children's Home for almost 100 years until it closed in 1974. It was run by nuns of the Community of the Sisters of the Church, an international body in the Anglican Communion living according to the Gospel values of poverty, chastity and obedience.[11] The building on Dial Hill is listed,[12] so that the outside has changed little, but now contains private flats.

Clevedon was served by a branch line from Yatton opened in 1847, six years after the main line,[13] but closed in 1966.[14] The station site is now Queen's Square, a shopping precinct.[15] The town was headquarters also for the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway, which connected the three named coastal towns. It opened to Weston-super-Mare in 1897,[16] was extended to Portishead ten years later,[17] but closed in 1940.[18] Its trains crossed the road in the town centre, known as The Triangle, preceded by a man with red and green flags.[19]

The first large-scale production of penicillin took place in the town.[5] In 1938 Howard Florey was working at Lincoln College, Oxford University with Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley when he read Alexander Fleming's paper on the antibacterial effects of Penicillium notatum mould. He arranged for this to be grown in deep culture tanks at the Medical Research Council's Antibiotic Research Station in Clevedon, enabling mass production of the mould for a medicine injected into forthcoming World War II soldiers suffering from infections.[20]

The clock tower in Clevedon town centre
A coastal bay at Clevedon. Lithograph after a sketch by Lady Elton, 1838

Governance

[edit]

The town has seven electoral wards. Their area and population are the same as mentioned above.

Clevedon falls within the non-metropolitan district of North Somerset unitary authority which replaced the Woodspring district, having formerly been part of Somerset, and between 1974 and 1996 within the county of Avon. Until 2010 the parliamentary constituency was still called Woodspring. Following the review of parliamentary representation by the Boundary Commission for England in Somerset, this seat was renamed North Somerset. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP), currently Liam Fox of the Conservative Party. It was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament during the UK's tenure in the European Union.

The town council is based at Clevedon Town Hall, which was constructed in 1860 as a school.[21][22]

Geography

[edit]
Salthouse Fields

Clevedon is situated on and round seven hills called Church Hill, Wain's Hill (topped by the remains of an Iron Age hill fort),[23] Dial Hill, Strawberry Hill, Castle Hill, Hangstone hill and Court Hill, the last a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[24] On a clear day there are far-reaching views across the Severn estuary to Wales. When visibility is good, the islands of Steep Holm and Flat Holm in the Bristol Channel can be seen. The tidal rise and fall in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel can be as great as 14.5 m (48 ft),[25] second only to Bay of Fundy in Eastern Canada.[26][27]

Marine Lake

The seafront runs about half a mile from the pier to Salthouse Field, with ornamental gardens, a Victorian bandstand, a bowling green, tennis courts, crazy golf and other amusements. Marine Lake, once a Victorian swimming pool, is used for boating and for a small festival once a year where people can try out new sports. Salthouse Field has a light railway round its perimeter and is used for summer donkey rides.[28]

The shore at Clevedon marries pebbled beaches and low rocky cliffs, with the old harbour at the western edge of the town, at the mouth of the Land Yeo river. There John Ashley conceived of the idea for The Mission to Seafarers.[29] The rocky beach has been designated as Clevedon Shore geological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is the side of a mineralised fault running east–west adjacent to the pier and forms a small cliff feature in dolomitic conglomerate on the north side of Clevedon Beach, containing cream to pink baryte along with sulphides. Minerals identified include haematite, chalcopyrite, tennantite, galena, tetrahedrite, bornite, pyrite, marcasite, enargite and sphalerite. Secondary alteration of this has produced idaite, Covellite and other Copper sulphides.[30]

"Poets' Walk" is a footpath round Wain's Hill and Church Hill to the south-west of the seafront. The upper town contains many other footpaths through parks and wooded areas laid out in the 19th century. The name recalls poets who visited Clevedon, including Coleridge in 1795 and Tennyson in 1834. The local nature reserve covers Church Hill and Wain's Hill and includes calcareous grassland, coastal scrub and woodland.[31]

Climate

[edit]
Windswept Clevedon seafront has shaped this tree

Clevedon, like the rest of South West England, has a temperate climate, generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country.[32] The annual mean temperature is about 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than in most of the United Kingdom due to the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest, with mean daily maxima around 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter, mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common.[32] In the summer, the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, but convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours.[32] Most autumn and winter rainfall results from Atlantic depressions, at their most active in those seasons. In summer, much of the rainfall is caused by the sun heating the ground, leading to convection, showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is about 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August the lightest winds. The dominant wind direction is from the south-west.[32]

Demography

[edit]

The town had a population of 21,957 according to the United Kingdom Census 2001. Of these almost 20 per cent were over the age of 65 years and 98.8 per cent were white. Almost three-quarters of the population described themselves as Christian, with 17.4 per cent having no religion and another 7.3 per cent not stating any religion. Of the 15,408 people between 16 and 74, 72.4 per cent are economically active.[1]

Economy

[edit]
Horse and carts used by Yeates Removals in 1910

Clevedon has light industry, mainly on industrial estates such as Hither Green, near the M5 motorway junction. It is also a dormitory town for Bristol. The Clerical Medical pensions and investments group, part of HBOS, was based in the town on the former site of the Hales Cakes factory, but after its closure, North Somerset Council began talks on taking over the lease.[33] Percy Daniel & Co are organ builders, whose work includes that of Brentwood Cathedral.[34]

Yeates Removals was set up in 1910, using horses and carts for general haulage in Clevedon and surrounding areas. The company has always been run by family members.[35]

Landmarks

[edit]
Metal pier standing on thin legs rising from the sea. Beach in the foreground
Clevedon Pier and the Severn estuary. Wales can be seen on the horizon

Clevedon Court is on Court Hill, east of the town centre and close to the Bristol road. It is one of the few remaining 14th-century manorial halls in England, built by Sir John de Clevedon in about 1320.[36] Since the early 18th century, the house has been owned by the Elton family, which did much building work on the house and many improvements in the town. Although the house itself now belongs to the National Trust,[37] the associated estates are still owned by the Elton family. Sir Edmund Elton (1846–1920) was a potter at the Clevedon Elton Sunflower Pottery, who produced unusually shaped ware in richly coloured glazes, including a gold glaze of his own invention.[38]

Walton Castle is a 17th-century fort located on Castle Hill that overlooks the Walton St Mary area at the northern end of Clevedon, built some time between 1615 and 1620. It was designed as a hunting lodge for Lord Poulett, a Somerset MP. The English Civil War saw the decline of Poulett's fortunes, and by 1791 the castle was derelict and being used as a dairy by a local farmer.[39] In 1978, the castle was purchased for £1 by Martin Sessions-Hodge, who restored the building to its former glory.[40]

The Royal Pier Hotel is a Grade II listed building next to the pier.[41] It was built in 1823 by Thomas Hollyman, and originally called The Rock House. In 1868, the building was expanded by the local architect Hans Price and renamed Rock House & Royal Pier Hotel, later shortened to Royal Pier Hotel.[42] After its closure in 2001 the building fell into disrepair,[43] but it has since been converted into luxury apartments.

Clevedon Pier opened on Easter Monday 1869.[29][44] It is now one of the earliest UK examples of a Victorian pier still in existence. After a set of legs collapsed during an insurance load check on 17 October 1970, it fell into disrepair until 1985, when it was dismantled, taken to Portishead dock for restoration, and rebuilt in 1986. In 2001, it was upgraded to a Grade I listed building,[44][45][46] The paddle steamer Waverley and motor vessel Balmoral offer day trips by sea from Clevedon Pier to points along the Bristol Channel and Severn estuary.[47] Adjoining the pier is the contemporary Toll House, built in the style of a folly castle and provided to house the pier-master.[48]

Clevedon clock tower in the town centre is decorated with "Elton ware".[49] It was completed in 1898 and donated by Sir Edmund Elton to mark Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.[50] The Curzon cinema dates from 1912,[51] for Victor Cox,[52] and is one of the world's oldest purpose-built, continuously operated cinemas.[53]

Clevedon Marine Lake opened in 1929. After becoming derelict and disused after the 1960s, it was restored in 2015[54] with funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Toll House
Millennium monument

The market hall on Alexandra Road was designed by the local architect Hans Price.[55] A monument known as the "Spirit of Clevedon" was erected near the seafront to mark the Millennium. Unveiled in June 2000, the 5 ft (1.5 m) sculpture cost £9,000.[56] It was designed by local citizens and includes panels and plaques representing the town's history and community. Its base contains a time capsule with information on the town.[57]

Education

[edit]

Clevedon School is a secondary comprehensive school serving the town and surrounding rural areas, with some 1,200 pupils in years 7 to 11 (Lower School) and 12 to 13 (Upper School or sixth form). It has regained Language College status.[58]

There are six primaries:[59] Mary Elton Primary School, St John the Evangelist of Bath and Wells Academy Trust Church of England School, All Saints C of E Primary School and St Nicholas's Chantry CEVC Primary School.

Mary Elton (née Stewart of Castle Stewart), the second wife of the Reverend Sir Abraham Elton, endowed local schools in the 19th century: the Mary Elton Primary School in Holland Road, Clevedon, is named after her.[60]

St John's the Evangelist Primary School was formerly based on the current site of Clevedon Library.[61][62] It moved to its current site on the Fosseway in 1991 and was opened by Anne, Princess Royal.

Yeo Moor Primary School, opened on 19 April 2010, amalgamated infant and junior schools that shared the site. The footballer Jack Butland attended Yeo Moor School and Clevedon School.[63][64]

St Brandon's School was an independent boarding school until 1991[65] and a co-educational infant and junior school until 2004.[66]

A drama company, Take The Lead, from Clevedon School, has put on productions in the town.[67]

Religious sites

[edit]
Church of St Andrew – circa 1907

There are several churches serving the town,[68] including St. Andrew's church, built in the 13th century although there are thought to be Saxon foundations under the present building. It is the burial place of Arthur Hallam, subject of the poem In Memoriam A. H. H. by his friend Alfred, Lord Tennyson.[69]

The Church of St John was built in 1876–1878, by William Butterfield for Sir Arthur Elton.[70] The Church of All Saints was built in 1861 by C E Giles.[71] The tower of Christ Church, on Chapel Hill, is an important landmark in Clevedon, erected in 1838–1839 to designs by Thomas Rickman, in an early 14th-century style.[72]

The Copse Road Chapel is an Independent Evangelical Church, built in 1851 and attributed to Foster and Wood of Bristol,[73] which also designed the United Reformed Church in Hill Road.[74] The Roman Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception is served by the Franciscan order.[75]

Railways

[edit]
Station name boards note Yatton is "for Clevedon". Following the closure of the Clevedon Branch Line in 1966, Yatton is Clevedon's closest station.

The nearest railway station is Yatton on the Bristol to Exeter line, served by Great Western Railway. Clevedon was previously served by a branch line from Yatton, which closed in 1966. The site of the town station is now called the Triangle or Queen's Square. The Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway also served the town.

Sanitation

[edit]

In 1863, Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet of Clevedon Court was largely responsible for the creation of the Clevedon Waterworks Company, which had built the first water works and sewage treatment works in Clevedon by 1867. Features included reservoirs to the north of Dial Hill and Old Street pumping station. As the population increased, the water works proved inadequate and a new pumping station was created on Tickenham Road in 1901, some 1.2 miles (2 km) to the north-east. The new site could be seen from Clevedon Court, and the 8th Baronet, Sir Edmund Elton, took exception to the designs of the engineer James Mansergh. The Waterworks Company employed the architect Henry Dare Bryan to improve the appearance of the buildings, which included the pumping station, a coal shed and store, a lodge for the foreman, and the boundary wall and gates. The original pumping station was reused as a fire station. The new pumping station contained a vertical triple-expansion engine manufactured by the Scottish company Glenfield and Kennedy. This was upgraded to a Marshal horizontal compound engine in 1916, in turn replaced in 1938, when a steam turbine was fitted. The boiler house, engine house and chimney are grade II listed, as largely unaltered buildings in Domestic Revival style, with the interior retaining its glazed tiling and elaborate roof trusses, although the machinery has been replaced by modern equipment, and the site is still operational.[76] Clevedon Waterworks Company were one of the first of the smaller waterworks in the region to amalgamate with Bristol Water, which occurred on 1 January 1953.[77]

At the pump house, water is extracted from a well, which is 110 feet (33.53 m) deep. The upper 69 feet (21 m) are lined with brick, and the well supplies around 990,000 imperial gallons (4.5 Ml) of water to the public supply network each day.[78]

Sport

[edit]

The town's location makes water sports a feature. Clevedon Canoe Club at the marine lake facilitates sea paddling trips along the North Somerset coast on the Severn Estuary,[79] and to other sites such as Wye Valley and Woolacombe. Nearby is Clevedon Sailing Club.[80]

Clevedon Cricket Club, founded in 1874, competes in the West of England Premier League.[81]

Clevedon Town Football Club dates back to the late 19th century. It was a founder member of the Western Football League, winning its championship in the 1990s.[82] The club plays at Everyone Active Stadium, formerly Hand Stadium. Another Non-League football club, Clevedon United F.C., plays at Coleridge Vale. Swiss Valley Rangers FC, founded in 2000, are a junior football club, based at Clevedon School, that has teams from ages under 6 to ages under 18.[83]

Clevedon Bowling Club, formed in 1910, has gained several international honours.[84]

Other facilities include Clevedon Golf Club, with a Par 72, 6,500-yard course,[85] Riding Centre,[86] a Rugby Club,[87] and several others.[88]

Media

[edit]

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West and ITV West Country. Television signals are received from the Mendip TV transmitter.[89] Because of its proximity to Wales, BBC Wales and ITV Cymru Wales can also be received from the Wenvoe TV transmitter.[90]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Bristol, Heart West, Greatest Hits Radio South West (formerly The Breeze) and Radio Clevedon, a community based station.[91]

The town is served by the local newspaper, North Somerset Times.[92]

Culture

[edit]
Curzon Cinema, opened on 20 April 1912

Writers linked with the town include Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who spent some months in a cottage in Clevedon, after his marriage to Sara Fricker,[93] William Makepeace Thackeray, a frequent guest of the Elton family at Clevedon Court,[93] and George Gissing (The Odd Women is set here).[94]

The final scene of a 1993 movie, The Remains of the Day, starring Anthony Hopkins, Emma Thompson and Christopher Reeve, refers to Clevedon, where it was filmed.[95] The television movie Cider with Rosie (1998) also has scenes filmed there.[96] Scenes from the 2010 film, Never Let Me Go, starring Keira Knightley were filmed in Clevedon in the summer of 2009.[97] Clevedon has its comic book superhero, Captain Clevedon.[98]

Clevedon has been twinned with Ettlingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, since 1980, Épernay, France, since 1990, and Middelkerke, Belgium, since 1991.[99]

Clevedon, in particular St Andrew's Church, was one of the settings for the town Broadchurch, a detective drama first aired on ITV on 4 March 2013.[100][101][102]

Notable people

[edit]

In birth order:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  2. ^ "Clevedon tourist information". Touruk.co.uk. 15 April 1912. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
  3. ^ Newman, Paul (1976). Channel Passage. Kingsmead Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-901571-74-8.
  4. ^ "Wain's Hill fort". National Monuments Record. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Clevedon — Somerset, UK". Somersetguide.co.uk. 21 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
  6. ^ "Medieval Times". Clevedon Civic Society. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  7. ^ "Somerset Hundreds". GENUKI. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  8. ^ Poole, Ruth; Knight, Norma; Horman, Phyllis; Rew, Wilfred; Lilly, Jane. "Mills on the Land Yeo: Further discoveries" (PDF). Nailsea and District Local History Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  9. ^ "About Clevedon". Clevedon Town Council. Archived from the original on 7 August 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  10. ^ Campbell, Rob; Clevedon Civic Society (2009). Clevedon: Medieval Manor to Victorian Resort. Matador. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-84876-175-9. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  11. ^ "Clevedon". Community of the sisters of the church. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  12. ^ "St Edith's Orphanage". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  13. ^ Maggs, Colin G (1987). The Clevedon Branch. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-906867-52-5.
  14. ^ Maggs 1987, pp. 65–66.
  15. ^ "Bristol — Coast The railway arrives in town". BBC. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
  16. ^ Redwood, Christopher (1981). The Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Railway. Weston-super-Mare: Sequoia Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 0-905466-42-X.
  17. ^ Redwood 1981, p. 46.
  18. ^ Redwood 1981, p. 74–75.
  19. ^ "Clevedon Triangle crossing". Weston Clevedon and Portishead Railway. Portishead web. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
  20. ^ Sneader, Walter (2005). "Drugs from naturally occurring prototypes: Drugs from micro-organisms". Drug Discovery: A History. WileyBlackwell. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-471-89980-8.
  21. ^ "Clevedon Town Council". Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  22. ^ "Saints Andrews Infants School". National Heritage List for England. Historic England. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  23. ^ Scott, Shane (1995). The hidden places of Somerset. Aldermaston: Travel Publishing Ltd. p. 37. ISBN 1-902007-01-8.
  24. ^ "Court Hill SSSI" (PDF). English Nature. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  25. ^ "Severn River Basin District" (PDF). Environment Agency. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
  26. ^ Chan, Marjorie A.; Archer, Allen William (2003). Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. p. 151. ISBN 0-8137-2370-1.
  27. ^ "Coast: Bristol Channel". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 May 2006. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
  28. ^ "Salthouse Fields". Clevedon.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  29. ^ a b Farr, Grahame (1954). Somerset Harbours. London: Christopher Johnson. p. 65.
  30. ^ "Clevedon Shore SSSI" (PDF). English Nature. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  31. ^ "Poet's Walk Local Nature Reserve, Clevedon". Avon Local Nature Reserves. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  32. ^ a b c d "South West England: climate". Met Office. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  33. ^ "North Somerset Council to take over Clerical Medical Castlewood | Clevedon news". This is Somerset. 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
  34. ^ "The Organ in Brentwood Cathedral". Brentwood Cathedral Music. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  35. ^ "Yeates Removals, Storage & Shredding, Clevedon". InNorthSomerset. 10 August 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  36. ^ "Clevedon Court". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  37. ^ "Clevedon Court". National Trust. Archived from the original on 22 January 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  38. ^ "Swallow teapot". Lawson Park. Grizedale Arts. Archived from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
  39. ^ "History". Waltoncastle.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  40. ^ Jackson, Penny (16 June 2004). "King of the hill — Property, House & Home". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 31 August 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  41. ^ "Royal Pier Hotel, Clevedon, Julia Elton, criticises delisting proposal | This is Clevedon". Thisissomerset.co.uk. 20 May 2009. Archived from the original on 21 July 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  42. ^ Pope, Samantha (29 November 2010). "Major plans for Clevedon Pier and the derelict Royal Pier Hotel". North Somerset Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  43. ^ "UK England Somerset Plea for hotel plan to get moving". BBC News. 23 April 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  44. ^ a b "The Pier, including the Tollhouse". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  45. ^ "Royal Pier Hotel, Marine Parade, Clevedon". North Somerset Council. 8 December 2005. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
  46. ^ "Pier wins top listing". BBC News. BBC. 15 January 2002. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
  47. ^ "Boat trips". Clevedon pier and heritage trust. Archived from the original on 31 August 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
  48. ^ "Pier and Toll House, Clevedon". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. 28 May 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012.
  49. ^ "Clock Tower". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  50. ^ "Other Places of Interest". Views of Clevedon. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  51. ^ "The Curzon Community Cinema, Clevedon: History". Curzon.org.uk. 20 April 1912. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
  52. ^ "Curzon Cinema". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  53. ^ Gould, Paul (4 December 2010). "The List: UK's oldest surviving cinemas". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  54. ^ "Clevedon's Marine Lake reopens after revamp". BBC News. 24 October 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  55. ^ "The Town Market Hall". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  56. ^ "Spirit of Clevedon". Clevedon.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
  57. ^ "Plaque, Millennium Celebration Monument, Clevedon". Geograph. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  58. ^ "Clevedon School". Ofsted. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  59. ^ "Schools near Clevedon, Somerset". Directgov. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
  60. ^ "Our history". Mary Elton Primary School.
  61. ^ "Clevedon Library".
  62. ^ "Revamped Clevedon Library opening "cause for celebration"". The building, once used as a school, originally opened as a library in 1992.
  63. ^ "Jack's gearing up for England debut". This Is Bristol. 30 September 2008. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  64. ^ Pope, Samantha (10 September 2012). "Age is of no significance – Jack Butland". North Somerset Times. Weston-super-Mare. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  65. ^ "Clevedon Hall – a glimpse into its past". Clevedon Hall. Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  66. ^ "Clevedon Hall – a glimpse into its past". Clevedon Hall Estate. 2010. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  67. ^ Pope, Samantha (26 July 2012). "Students take the lead in drama project". North Somerset Times. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  68. ^ "Churches in Clevedon". Clevedon.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
  69. ^ "Parish Church of St Andrew". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  70. ^ "Church of St John". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  71. ^ "Church of All Saints". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  72. ^ "Christ Church". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  73. ^ "Copse Road Chapel". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  74. ^ "United Reformed Church". historicengland.org.uk. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  75. ^ "Our Parish". Clevedon Parish of The Immaculate Conception. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  76. ^ Historic England. "Clevedon Pumping Station (1129714)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  77. ^ Hodgson, Alan (1991). The story of the Bristol Waterworks Company 1939–1991. Bristol Waterworks Co.
  78. ^ "Sources" (PDF). Bristol Water. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  79. ^ "Clevedon Canoe Club". Clevedon Canoe Club. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  80. ^ "Clevedon Sailing Club". Clevedon Sailing Club. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  81. ^ "Clevedon CC". play-cricket. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  82. ^ "History". Clevedon Town FC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  83. ^ "Swiss Valley Rangers FC Website". Swiss Valley Rangers FC.
  84. ^ "Clevedon Bowling Club". Clevedon Bowling Club. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  85. ^ "Clevedon Golf Club". Clevedon Golf Club. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  86. ^ "Clevedon Riding Centre". Clevedon Riding Centre. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  87. ^ "Clevedon Rugby Club". Clevedon Rugby Club. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  88. ^ "Sports and Fitness". Clevedon Town Council. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  89. ^ "Full Freeview on the Mendip (Somerset, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  90. ^ "Full Freeview on the Wenvoe (Cardiff, Wales) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  91. ^ "Radio Clevedon". Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  92. ^ "North Somerset Times". Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  93. ^ a b "Welcome to Clevedon" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2010.
  94. ^ Gissing, George (2007). The Odd Women. Echo Library. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4068-1010-3.
  95. ^ "The Remains of the Day". IMDB. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  96. ^ "Somerset — Art, Films and Television". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 September 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  97. ^ "Keira Knightley filming Never Let Me Go | Clevedon News". This is Somerset. Archived from the original on 20 October 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  98. ^ Clevedon Gets Its Own Superhero Archived 27 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine North Somerset Times.
  99. ^ "Welcome to the Clevedon Twinning Association Site". Clevedon Town Twinning Association. Archived from the original on 25 July 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2009.
  100. ^ "Town to become star of ITV drama". Nailsea, Clevedon and Portishead Times. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  101. ^ "David Tennant's ITV drama Broadchurch transforms parts of Somerset into Dorset". Western Daily Press. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  102. ^ "Broadchurch, ITV". 28 February 2013. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  103. ^ Newman C (October 1975). "Edward Tyson". Br Med J. 4 (5988): 96–7. doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5988.96. PMC 1674957. PMID 1102061.
  104. ^ Stephen, Leslie. "Samuel Taylor Coleridge". A Web of English History. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
  105. ^ John Julian (1907). A dictionary of hymnology Vol. 2 : Setting forth the origin and history of Christian hymns of all ages and nations. Internet Archive. London : John Murray. pp. 997–98.
  106. ^ Ousby, Ian (1993). The Cambridge guide to literature in English. Cambridge University Press. pp. 189. ISBN 978-0-521-44086-8. Hartley Coleridge Clevedon
  107. ^ Timothy Lang, Arthur Henry Hallam, Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography, 2005.
  108. ^ "Book outlines past of family's church". Western Daily Press. 4 November 2010. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  109. ^ ODNB entry: Retrieved 20 July 2011. Subscription required. Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  110. ^ "Broderip, Frances Freeling". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  111. ^ A Grammar of the Classical Arabic Language, Translated and Compiled from the Works of the Most Approved Native or Naturalized Authorities [1880–1911] Preface, First Fasciculus
  112. ^ "World's first colour film footage viewed for first time". BBC News England. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  113. ^ Rattigan, Neil (2001). British Film and the People's War, 1939–1945. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-8386-3862-0.
  114. ^ Johns, Derek (2 October 2020). "Jan Morris at 90: she has shown us the world". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  115. ^ ClevedonProm Archived 26 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  116. ^ "Graham Tripp". www.cricketarchive.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  117. ^ "Bob Anderson". Darts Batabase. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
  118. ^ "Profile: Clive Cowdery: Class act who worked his way to top". The Scotsman. 14 August 2009. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  119. ^ "Hello Internet Episode 11". Spotify.
  120. ^ "Kate Reed". IAAF. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  121. ^ IMDB. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  122. ^ "Memories of Sunnyside is internet hit". Bristol Post. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  123. ^ "Jack Butland: Stoke City keeper signs new four-year deal". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clevedon.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Clevedon.

Retrieved from "http://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Clevedon&oldid=1261029389"