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Claoxylon

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Claoxylon
Claoxylon sandwicense
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe: Claoxylinae
Genus: Claoxylon
A.Juss.
Type species
Claoxylon parviflorum
Synonyms[1]

Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824.[2][1] The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaiʻi, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny.[3][4]

The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth).

Species[1]
  1. Claoxylon abbreviatum - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi
  2. Claoxylon affine - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  3. Claoxylon albicans - Philippines
  4. Claoxylon albiflorum - Bismarck Archipelago
  5. Claoxylon angustifolium - Queensland
  6. Claoxylon anomalum - Western Ghats of SW India
  7. Claoxylon arboreum - Philippines
  8. Claoxylon attenuatum - Sabah
  9. Claoxylon australe - Queensland, New South Wales
  10. Claoxylon bicarpellatum - Papua New Guinea
  11. Claoxylon biciliatum - Vanuatu
  12. Claoxylon brachyandrum - Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi
  13. Claoxylon capillipes - Papua New Guinea, Flores
  14. Claoxylon carinatum - Kalimantan Timur
  15. Claoxylon carolinianum - Caroline Islands
  16. Claoxylon carrii - Papua New Guinea
  17. Claoxylon centenarium - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
  18. Claoxylon colfsii - Sumbawa
  19. Claoxylon collenettei - Rapa-Iti
  20. Claoxylon coriaceolanatum - Papua New Guinea
  21. Claoxylon crassipes - Philippines
  22. Claoxylon crassivenium - Philippines
  23. Claoxylon cuneatum - Western New Guinea
  24. Claoxylon decaryanum - Madagascar
  25. Claoxylon dolichostachyum - Réunion
  26. Claoxylon echinospermum - Fiji
  27. Claoxylon ellipticum - Philippines
  28. Claoxylon erythrophyllum - E Indonesia
  29. Claoxylon euphorbioides - Philippines
  30. Claoxylon extenuatum - Bougainville
  31. Claoxylon fallax - Fiji, Tonga
  32. Claoxylon flavum - Madagascar
  33. Claoxylon fulvescens - Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi
  34. Claoxylon gillisonii - Vanuatu
  35. Claoxylon glabrifolium - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  36. Claoxylon glandulosum - Réunion
  37. Claoxylon goodenoviense - D'Entrecasteaux Islands
  38. †Claoxylon grandifolium - Mauritius, Réunion but extinct
  39. Claoxylon gymnadenum - Bougainville
  40. Claoxylon hainanense - Hainan
  41. Claoxylon hillii - New Guinea, N Australia
  42. Claoxylon hirsutellum - Kalimantan Timur
  43. Claoxylon hosei - Sarawak
  44. Claoxylon humbertii - Madagascar
  45. Claoxylon indicum - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Christmas Island
  46. Claoxylon insigne - Sarawak
  47. Claoxylon insulanum - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands
  48. Claoxylon kaievskii - Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands
  49. Claoxylon khasianum - West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam
  50. Claoxylon kinabaluense - Sabah
  51. Claoxylon kingii - S Thailand, Perak
  52. Claoxylon kotoense - Taiwan
  53. Claoxylon lambiricum - Sarawak
  54. Claoxylon ledermannii - Papua New Guinea
  55. Claoxylon linostachys - Mauritius
  56. Claoxylon longifolium - Assam, SE Asia, New Guinea, Caroline Islands
  57. Claoxylon longipetiolatum - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
  58. Claoxylon longiracemosum - Palau
  59. Claoxylon lutescens - New Guinea
  60. Claoxylon macranthum - Mauritius, Madagascar
  61. Claoxylon mananarense - Madagascar
  62. Claoxylon marianum - Mariana Islands
  63. Claoxylon medullosum - Madagascar
  64. Claoxylon microcarpum - Papua New Guinea
  65. Claoxylon monoicum - Madagascar
  66. Claoxylon muscisilvae - Papua New Guinea
  67. Claoxylon neoebudicum - Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands, Fiji
  68. Claoxylon nervosum - Papua New Guinea
  69. Claoxylon nigtanig - Bougainville
  70. Claoxylon nubicola - Papua New Guinea
  71. Claoxylon oblanceolatum - Philippines
  72. Claoxylon oliganthum - Thailand
  73. Claoxylon ooumuense - Nuku Hiva
  74. Claoxylon papuae - Papua New Guinea
  75. Claoxylon parviflorum - Réunion, Rodrigues Island
  76. Claoxylon paucinerve - Papua New Guinea
  77. Claoxylon perrieri - Madagascar
  78. Claoxylon physocarpum - Sumatra
  79. Claoxylon platyphyllum - Papua New Guinea
  80. Claoxylon porphyrostemon - Papua New Guinea
  81. Claoxylon praetermissum - Sabah
  82. Claoxylon pseudoinsulanum - Kalimantan Timur
  83. Claoxylon psilogyne - Vanuatu
  84. Claoxylon pubescens - Philippines
  85. Claoxylon purpureum - Philippines, Sulawesi
  86. Claoxylon putii - Thailand
  87. Claoxylon racemiflorum - Réunion
  88. Claoxylon raymondianum - Madagascar
  89. Claoxylon rostratum - Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
  90. Claoxylon rubescens - Lombok, Philippines
  91. Claoxylon rubrivenium - Luzon
  92. Claoxylon salicinum - Sabah
  93. Claoxylon salomonense - Papua New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands
  94. Claoxylon samoense - Samoa
  95. Claoxylon sanctae-crucis - Santa Cruz Islands
  96. Claoxylon sandwicense - Hawaii
  97. Claoxylon sarasinorum - Sulawesi
  98. Claoxylon scabratum - New Guinea
  99. Claoxylon setosum - Réunion
  100. Claoxylon spathulatum - Philippines
  101. Claoxylon stapfianum - Sarawak, Sabah
  102. Claoxylon subbullatum - Sabah
  103. Claoxylon subsessiliflorum - Vietnam, Yunnan
  104. Claoxylon subviride - Philippines
  105. Claoxylon taitense - Society Islands
  106. Claoxylon tenerifolium - Queensland
  107. Claoxylon tenuiflorum - Aceh
  108. Claoxylon tetracoccum - West New Guinea
  109. Claoxylon tsaratananae - Madagascar
  110. Claoxylon velutinum - Kalimantan Timur
  111. Claoxylon vitiense - Fiji
  112. Claoxylon wallichianum - Peninsular Malaysia
  113. Claoxylon warburgianum - Sulawesi
  114. Claoxylon winkleri - Kalimantan Selatan
Formerly included[1]

moved to other genera (Acalypha, Croton, Discoclaoxylon, Erythrococca, Lobanilia, Macaranga, Mallotus, Micrococca, Orfilea)

  1. C. africanum - Erythrococca africana
  2. C. angolense - Erythrococca angolense
  3. C. atrovirens - Erythrococca atrovirens
  4. C. bakerianum - Lobanilia bakeriana
  5. C. barteri - Erythrococca africana
  6. C. beddomei - Micrococca beddomei
  7. C. capense - Micrococca capensis
  8. C. chevalieri - Erythrococca chevalieri
  9. C. columnare - Erythrococca columnaris
  10. C. cordifolium - Mallotus oppositifolius
  11. C. deflersii - Erythrococca abyssinica
  12. C. dewevrei - Erythrococca dewevrei
  13. C. digynum - Macaranga digyna
  14. C. flaccidum - Erythrococca atrovirens
  15. C. hexandrum - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
  16. C. hirsutum - Micrococca wightii var. hirsuta
  17. C. hirtellum - Lobanilia hirtella
  18. C. hispidum - Erythrococca hispida
  19. C. holstii - Micrococca holstii
  20. C. humblotianum - Micrococca humblotiana
  21. C. inaequilaterum - Erythrococca atrovirens
  22. C. kirkii - Erythrococca kirkii
  23. C. lancifolium - Micrococca lancifolia
  24. C. lasiococcum - Erythrococca trichogyne
  25. C. leucocarpum - Mallotus leucocarpus
  26. C. longifolium Baill. 1858, illegitimate homonym, not (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 1844 - Micrococca oligandra
  27. C. luteobrunneum - Lobanilia luteobrunnea
  28. C. macrophyllum Prain 1911, illegitimate homonym, not Hassk. 1848 - Erythrococca macrophylla
  29. C. mannii - Erythrococca mannii
  30. C. membranaceum - Erythrococca membranacea
  31. C. menyharthii - Erythrococca menyharthii
  32. C. mercurialis - Micrococca mercurialis
  33. C. mildbraedii - Erythrococca trichogyne
  34. C. molleri - Erythrococca molleri
  35. C. muricatum - Mallotus resinosus
  36. C. neraudianum - Orfilea neraudiana
  37. C. occidentale - Discoclaoxylon occidentale
  38. C. oleraceum - Erythrococca atrovirens
  39. C. oligandrum - Micrococca oligandra
  40. C. ovale - Lobanilia ovalis
  41. C. patulum - Erythrococca patula
  42. C. pauciflorum Müll.Arg. 1864 not Stapf 1894 - Erythrococca pauciflora
  43. C. pedicellare Müll.Arg. 1864 not Pax & K.Hoffm. 1914 - Discoclaoxylon pedicellare
  44. C. poggei - Erythrococca poggei
  45. C. polyandrum - Erythrococca polyandra
  46. C. preussii - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
  47. C. purpurascens - Erythrococca molleri
  48. C. reticulatum - Acalypha filiformis
  49. C. rivulare - Erythrococca rivularis
  50. C. schweinfurthii - Erythrococca atrovirens
  51. C. sphaerocarpum - Croton sylvaticus
  52. C. spiciflorum - Acalypha spiciflora
  53. C. stipulosum - Mallotus dispar
  54. C. trichogyne - Erythrococca trichogyne
  55. C. triste - Erythrococca tristis
  56. C. virens - Erythrococca menyharthii
  57. C. volkensii - Micrococca volkensii
  58. C. welwitschianum - Erythrococca welwitschiana
  59. C. wightii - Micrococca wightii

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 43, pl. 14, f. 43
  3. ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  4. ^ Forster, P.I. (2007). A taxonomic revision of Claoxylon A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 7: 451-472.
  • Kabouw, Patrick; Peter C. van Welzen; Pieter Baas; Bertie J. van Heuven (2008). "Styloid crystals in Claoxylon (Euphorbiaceae) and allies (Claoxylinae) with notes on leaf anatomy". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (3): 445–457. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00757.x.
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