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Cintāmaṇicakra

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Cintāmaṇicakra
Statue of Cintamanicakra (Chinese: Ruyilun Guanyin) in the Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum in Chinatown in Singapore
Sanskritचिन्तामणिचक्र
(IAST) Cintāmaṇicakra
Chinese(Traditional)
如意輪觀音(菩薩)
(Simplified)
如意轮观音(菩萨)
(Pinyin: Rúyìlún Guānyīn (Púsà))
Japanese如意輪観音(菩薩)（にょいりんかんのんぼさつ）
(romaji: Nyoirin Kannon (Bosatsu))
Korean여의륜관음(보살)
(RR: Yeouiryun Gwaneum (Bosal))
Tibetanཡིད་བཞིན་འཁོར་ལོ་
Wylie: Yid bzhin 'khor lo
THL: Yizhin Khorlo
VietnameseNhư Ý Luân Quán Âm Bồ Tát
Information
Venerated byMahāyāna, Vajrayāna
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Cintāmaṇicakra (Sanskrit: चिन्तामणिचक्र; Chinese (Traditional): 如意輪觀音; Simplified: 如意轮观音; pinyin: Rúyìlún Guānyīn; Japanese: 如意輪観音, Nyoirin Kannon) is a bodhisattva and a manifestation of Avalokiteśvara (known in Chinese as Guanyin). He is counted as one of six different forms of the bodhisattva that represent salvation afforded to beings among the six realms of saṃsāra. Among these incarnations, Cintāmaṇicakra is believed to save those in the deva realm.[1]

Cintāmaṇicakra is sometimes also referred to as Avalokiteśvara as Mahābrahmā the Profound (大梵深遠觀音; Ch. Dàfàn Shēnyuǎn Guānyīn; Jp. Daibon Jin'on Kannon).

Iconography

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Six-armed Cintāmaṇicakra in the Hall of Great Compassion in Jade Buddha Temple, Shanghai, China

Cintāmaṇicakra is depicted as having anywhere from two to sixteen arms, with the two-armed and six-armed forms being the more common in Chinese and Japanese art.

In his six-armed form, Cintāmaṇicakra is commonly shown wearing a crown with an effigy of Amitābha Buddha and sitting in a "royal" position (mahārājalīlāsana, i.e. with his left leg tucked inwards and his right knee raised) atop a lotus on a rock protruding from the ocean - a symbol of Mount Potalaka, Avalokiteśvara's legendary abode.[2][3] His first right hand touches his face in a pensive mudra, his second right hand holds a cintāmaṇi, and his third right hand holds prayer beads. His first left hand meanwhile touches the rock base he is sitting on, his second left hand holds a crimson lotus flower (padma), and the third left hand holds a Dharma wheel (cakra).[4]

In two-armed images, he does not hold a jewel and he may be seated with his right leg crossed at the ankle over his left leg. This imagery is similar to that of the statue of Maitreya at Chūgū-ji in Nara, which has been mistakenly venerated as Cintāmaṇicakra.[5][6] Another two-armed form exists where he holds a cintāmaṇi in his right hand and a water vase in his left hand. An example of this variation is the colossal Guanyin statue located in Tsz Shan Monastery in Hong Kong.

Cintāmaṇicakra may also be abstractly represented via his attributes or symbols (samaya; Ch. 三昧耶形, sānmèiyé xíng; Jp. sa(n)maya-gyō), the cintāmaṇi and the lotus flower.

Dhāraṇī and mantras

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Cintāmaṇicakra Dhāraṇī

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Several mantras are associated with Cintāmaṇicakra. In Chinese Buddhism, the Cintāmaṇicakra Dhāraṇī or Cintāmaṇi Cakravarti Dhāraṇī (如意寶輪王陀羅尼; pinyin: Rúyì Bǎolún Wáng Tuóluóní) is reckoned as one of the Ten Small Mantras (十小咒; pinyin: Shí xiǎo zhòu), a collection of mantras and dhāraṇīs commonly recited in temples during morning liturgical services.[7][8]

The dhāraṇī originates from the Cintāmaṇicakra Dhāraṇī Sutra, which was translated into Chinese by the monks Bodhiruci (如意輪陀羅尼經; pinyin: Rúyìlún tuóluóní jīng; Taishō Tripiṭaka 1080[9]) and Yijing (佛說觀自在菩薩如意心陀羅尼咒經; pinyin: Fóshuō Guānzìzài Púsà rúyì xīn tuóluóní zhòu jīng; T. 1081[10]).

In this sutra, Avalokitesvara states that this dharani "has great power and majesty, like the celestial wish-fulfilling tree, raining down great treasures upon the wise. Whatever is desired, all can be obtained, like the jewel of Maṇi. It can fulfill all the superior aspirations of all sentient beings."[9]

The dhāraṇī is:

Bodhiruci's Sanskrit (IAST[9]) Chinese translation (Yijing) Pinyin
Namo ratna-trayāya[a]
Nama Āryāvalokiteśvarāya bodhisattvāya mahāsattvāya mahākāruṇikāya
tadyathā
Oṃ cakravarti cintāmaṇi mahāpadme ru ru tiṣṭhat jvala ākarṣāya hūṃ phaṭ svāhā
Oṃ padma cintāmaṇi jvala hūṃ
Oṃ varada padme hūṃ 		南謨佛馱耶　南謨達摩耶　南謨僧伽耶
南謨觀自在菩薩摩訶薩　具大悲心者
怛姪他
唵斫羯羅伐底　震多末尼謨訶　鉢蹬謎　嚕嚕嚕嚕　底瑟他　篅攞痾羯利沙也　吽發莎訶
菴鉢踏摩　震多末尼　篅攞吽
菴跋剌陀　鉢亶謎吽 		Nāmó fótuóyé nāmó dámóyé nāmó sēngjiāyé
Nāmó Guānzìzài púsà móhēsà jù dàbēixīnzhě
dázhítā
Ān zhuójiéluófádǐ zhènduōmòní móhē bōdēngmí lǔ lǔ lǔ lǔ dǐsètā shuòlà ējiélìshāyě hōng fā suōhē
Ān bōtàmó zhènduōmòní shuòlà hōng
Ān bálátuó bōdǎnmí hōng

The Buddha then praises the dhāraṇī spell in verse as follows:

Excellent, excellent, good man,

You are able to compassionately consider all sentient beings,

By expounding this wish-fulfilling dhāraṇī,

You deliver sentient beings, bringing them great superior benefits.

For those who believe and accept it, their sins will be eradicated,

And they will transcend the three realms and realize bodhi (enlightenment).

Wherever there are practitioners of this dhāraṇī,

Both worldly and transcendental wishes will be completely fulfilled.[9]

Then Avalokitesvara offers some basic instructions on how to practice the dharani:[9]

World-Honored One, if there are bhikṣus, bhikṣuṇīs, upāsakas, upāsikās, boys, or girls who seek great merit and blessings in this life, they should, day and night, diligently practice in accordance with the law and uphold this Cintāmaṇi-cakra Dhāraṇī mantra. There is no need to select auspicious days, months, or constellations, nor is it necessary to fast for one or two days, nor to bathe or establish an altar. They should wear their usual clothes, purify themselves with clear water, and conduct the ritual as usual. During day and night, they should reside in a clean room, sit facing east in the lotus posture, visualize the perfect form of Avalokiteśvara, whose body radiates great light like the rising sun and who is seated on a lotus flower. They should focus their mind on reciting without distraction, burn agarwood incense, and offer it with sincerity. They should reverently worship and make offerings of incense and flowers as they wish, ensuring these offerings are continuous. They should recite the dhāraṇī 1,080 times during each of the six periods of the day, without interruption. After completing 300,000 recitations, through the yogic practice of visualization and mantra recitation, all the heinous crimes committed in the past and present, such as the five uninterrupted sins and extremely severe karmic obstacles, will naturally be eradicated. They will have auspicious dreams, which will signify the elimination of their karmic sins. The sacred Avalokiteśvara will bless and protect them, and through this virtuous root, they will accomplish hundreds of thousands of tasks. By merely raising their mind and reciting, all their endeavors will be fully accomplished. There is no other divine power or mantra that can match the miraculous power of this Cintāmaṇi-cakra Dhāraṇī. Why is this? If someone is able to believe in and uphold this dhāraṇī, then all the karmic obstacles accumulated from committing the four major offenses, the five rebellious sins, and the ten evil acts, which would cause one to fall into the Avīci Hell, will all be eradicated....By maintaining this practice consistently without transgression, they will see the sacred Avalokiteśvara appear before them in a golden body, removing all defilements and karmic obstacles, and granting blessings with divine power.

Other mantras

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The bījāmantra or seed syllable mantra used to symbolically represent Cintāmaṇicakra is hrīḥ (Siddhaṃ: ; Devanagari: ह्रीः), which is the bija of the Lotus Buddha family.

The two shorter mantras found in the dharani are also commonly employed in the Japanese tradition on their own:

  • Oṃ padme cintāmaṇi jvala hūṃ (Japanese pronunciation: On handomei shindamani jinbara un)[11]
  • Oṃ varada padme hūṃ (On barada handomei un)[12]
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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Yijing's text instead has: Namo buddhāya, namo dharmāya, namaḥ saṃghāya.

References

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  1. ^ "六観音 七観音 八大観音". Flying Deity Tobifudō (Ryūkō-zan Shōbō-in Official Website). Retrieved 2021-11-21.
  2. ^ "A Late Tang Dynasty Sculpture Bought at a Missouri Garage Sale for Less Than $100 Just Sold for $2.1 Million". artnet. 2019. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  3. ^ Chutiwongs, Nandana (1994). "An aspect of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara in Ancient Indonesia". In Klokke, Marijke J.; Lunsingh Scheurleer, Pauline (eds.). Ancient Indonesian Sculpture. KITLV Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 9789067180764.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ Epprecht, Katharina (2007). Kannon: Divine Compassion: Early Buddhist Art from Japan. Museum Rietberg. p. 37. ISBN 978-3-9070-7729-0.
  5. ^ "Nyoirin Kannon 如意輪観音". JAANUS. 2001. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
  6. ^ "本尊 国宝 菩薩半跏像（伝如意輪観音）". Shōtoku-shū Chūgū-ji Official Website. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
  7. ^ "Ten Small Mantras". www.buddhamountain.ca. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  8. ^ "What is Ten Small Mantras". www.buddhismtoronto.com. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  9. ^ a b c d e "如意輪陀羅尼經 第1卷". CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripiṭaka Collection (漢文大藏經). Retrieved 2021-11-21.
  10. ^ "佛說觀自在菩薩如意心陀羅尼呪經". CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripiṭaka Collection (漢文大藏經). Retrieved 2021-11-21.
  11. ^ Ōguri, Dōei (2002). 図説般若心経入門 (Zusetsu Hannya Shingyō nyūmon). Suzuki Shuppan. ISBN 978-4-7902-1105-1.
  12. ^ Ōmori, Gijō (2010). 実修真言宗の密教と修行 (Jisshū Shingon-shū no mikkyō to shūgyō). Gakken Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 978-4-0540-4524-8.
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