Camille Huysmans
Camille Huysmans | |
|---|---|
 Huysmans in 1966 | |
| Prime Minister of Belgium | |
| In office 3 August 1946 – 20 March 1947 | |
| Monarch | Leopold III |
| Regent | Prince Charles |
| Preceded by | Achille Van Acker |
| Succeeded by | Paul-Henri Spaak |
| President of the Chamber of Representatives | |
| In office 27 April 1954 – 11 November 1958 | |
| Preceded by | Frans Van Cauwelaert |
| Succeeded by | Paul Kronacker |
| In office 23 June 1936 – 21 April 1939 | |
| Preceded by | Jules Poncelet |
| Succeeded by | Frans Van Cauwelaert |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 26 May 1871 Bilzen, Belgium |
| Died | 25 February 1968 (aged 96) Antwerp, Belgium |
| Political party | Socialist Party |
| Alma mater | University of Liège |
Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans (born as Camiel Hansen 26 May 1871 – 25 February 1968)[1][2] was a Belgian politician who served as the prime minister of Belgium from 1946 to 1947.
Biography
[edit]He studied German philology at the University of Liège and was a teacher from 1893 to 1897 while he studied for his doctorate in German philology.
Huysmans joined the Belgische Werkliedenpartij (BWP), the predecessor of the Belgische Socialistische Partij (BSP) at a young age. He became a journalist for many socialist periodicals until 1904 and was thereafter active in the labour unions.
Between 1905 and 1922 Huysmans was secretary of the Second International. In that function he had many contacts with Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the first Chinese revolution, in 1911. His main task was creating an active peace function. At the Socialist Conference in Stockholm in 1917 he pleaded against continuing the war.
He was a fighter for the Flemish movement and fought for using Dutch at the University of Ghent. As Minister of Arts and Education he could pave the way for the Dutch language. In 1911 he proposed a bill, drafted by Lodewijk De Raet, together with the Roman Catholic Frans Van Cauwelaert and the liberal Louis Franck for the usage of Dutch at the University of Ghent. However, due to World War I, the University of Ghent would become a Flemish university only in 1930.
In World War II he fled to London. He regained the function as secretary between 1939 and 1944, also as acting chairman. After World War II (at age 75) he became the 34th Prime Minister and led a government of socialists, liberals and communists. With an insufficient majority, this government lasted not long. In the next government, he was Minister of Education.
In domestic affairs, a raft of progressive reforms were carried out during Huysmans's time as 34th Prime Minister. A Ministerial Order of October 1946 laid down special provisions for safeguarding workers in wire rope factories,[3] while an Order was passed in December 1946 for factories manufacturing sugar and molasses alcohol which contained health and safety provisions.[4] In January 1947, legislation was passed providing for a uniform allowance for the children of disabled workers,[5] and legislative Orders were issued in January and February 1947 providing for the establishment of a National Office for the Co-ordination of Family Allowances.[6] In addition, a legislative Order of 28 February 1947 supplemented and amended the provisions of an August 1930 law by extending the scope of family allowances for wage-earners,[7] while another Order issued that same month authorised the National Association for Cheap Housing to raise a loan of one thousand million Belgian francs to contribute towards the costs of a housebuilding programme for miners.[8]
He remained very popular until old age. The national tribute for his 80th birthday attracted 100,000 visitors. At the age of 83 he became chairman of the Chamber of Representatives (lower house). He was a freemason, a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels.[citation needed]
Huysmans is considered a friend of the Jewish people, mainly due to his friendly attitude towards Jewish immigrants in Antwerp in the years 1920–1940 and the Zionist movement.[citation needed] There are streets bearing his name in the cities of Netanya and Haifa in Israel.[9]
Functions
[edit]- Councillor in Brussels (1908–1921)
- Education Schepen of Antwerp (1921–1933)
- Mayor of Antwerp (1933–1940 and 1944–1946)
- Councillor in Antwerp (1946–1968)
- Member of the lower house (1910–1965)
- Chairman of the lower house (1936–1939 and 1954–1958)
- Minister of Arts and Education (1925–1927)
- Prime Minister (1946–1947)
- Minister of Education (1947–1949)
Honours
[edit]
Belgium: Minister of State, by Royal Decree.[10]- Belgium: member of the Royal Academie.[10]
- Belgium: Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold.[10]
- Belgium: knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Crown.[10]
- Knight grand Cross in the Swedish Order of the Polar Star 1937.[10]
- Commander of the Legion of Honour.[10]
- Order of the British Empire.[10]
Correspondence with Lenin
[edit]In his first term as secretary of the Second International he corresponded with Lenin between 1905 and 1914. The letters were published in 1963.
References
[edit]- ^ "Huysmans, Jean Joseph Camille - Alle leden - over de KANTL - Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde". Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
- ^ Lancken, Oscar von der; Amara, Michaël; Roland, Hubert (20 December 2004). Gouverner en Belgique occupée: Oscar von der Lancken-Wakenitz, rapports d'activité 1915-1918. Peter Lang. ISBN 9789052012384. Retrieved 20 December 2022 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ International Labour Organisation. Chemical Industries Committee (1950). Reports. International Labour Office. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ "Decree supplementing and amending the text of the Law of 4 August 1930 about generalisation of family allowances for the benefit of salaried workers". perfar.eu. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ United Nations. Dept. of Social Affairs (1948). Report on Family, Child and Youth Welfare. [1946]-1951-52. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ United Nations. Dept. of Social Affairs (1949). Annual Report on Child and Youth Welfare. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Camille Huysmans St".
- ^ a b c d e f g "HUYSMANS". ars-moriendi.be. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Camille Huysmans at Wikimedia Commons
- Works by or about Camille Huysmans at the Internet Archive
- Newspaper clippings about Camille Huysmans in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- 1871 births
- 1968 deaths
- Belgian Labour Party politicians
- Ministers of state of Belgium
- Belgian Socialist Party politicians
- Flemish activists
- Mayors of Antwerp, Belgium
- People from Bilzen
- Presidents of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
- Prime ministers of Belgium
- University of Liège alumni
- Belgian people in the United Kingdom during World War II
- Ministers of education of Belgium