1945 French legislative election

1945 French legislative election

21 October 1945
All 522 seats in the National Assembly 262 seats needed for a majority
Registered	24,622,862
Turnout	81.85% ( 1.65pp)
Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Maurice Thorez Maurice Schumann Guy Mollet Party PCF MRP SFIO Seats won 148 141 134 Popular vote 5,005,336 4,780,338 4,561,411 Percentage 26.08% 24.91% 23.77%
Results by department
Prime Minister before election Charles de Gaulle Independent Elected Prime Minister Charles de Gaulle Independent

French newsreel before the elections

Legislative elections were held in France on 21 October 1945 to elect a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for a Fourth French Republic. A total of 522 seats were elected through proportional representation; women were allowed to vote for the first time.

Parties and issues

On 21 October 1945 the French voters were called to make two choices: the election of their deputies and a referendum in order to authorize the elected National Assembly to prepare a new constitutional text. De Gaulle and the "Three parties alliance" called for a "Yes" vote, whereas the Radicals and the Conservatives campaigned for a "No".

Symbol of the French Resistance to the German occupation and founder of the Free French Forces General Charles de Gaulle led a provisional government composed of the three main political forces of the Resistance: the French Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement (MRP). It advocated an economic policy inspired by the programme of the National Council of Resistance: the creation of a welfare state, and the nationalization of banks and major industrial companies (such as Renault). The opposition was composed of the parties which had dominated the pre-war governments of the Third Republic: the Radical Party and the classical Right.

Results

Unsurprisingly, the "Three-parties alliance" won a large majority in the National Assembly. The Radical Party, which had been the leading party of the left in the Third Republic, suffered a catastrophic result, and the right was equally destroyed (because of its support of Marshal Philippe Pétain). They appeared as being the forces of the past, as symbols of capitulation to Nazi Germany and the regime which collapsed in 1940. The French Communist Party, which had already doubled its score in the previous 1936 elections, came out on top with around 26% of the vote and 159 seats. While the PCF and SFIO favored a unicameral parliamentary regime, the MRP favored a bicameral legislature. De Gaulle advocated a presidential government. He resigned in January 1946. The PCF and SFIO proposals were rejected in the 5 May 1946 referendum. This assembly was dissolved.

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	French Communist Party	5,005,336	26.08	148
	Popular Republican Movement	4,780,338	24.91	141
	French Section of the Workers' International	4,561,411	23.77	134
	Conservatives (AD–DM–ER–PP–PRL)	2,545,845	13.27	62
	Radicals (RS–RG–IG–PRRS–RGR)	2,131,763	11.11	35
	Others	165,106	0.86	2
Total		19,189,799	100.00	522
Valid votes		19,189,799	97.62
Invalid/blank votes		467,804	2.38
Total votes		19,657,603	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		24,622,862	79.83
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Further reading

• Footitt, Hilary and John Simmonds. France, 1943–1945 (1988)
• Graham, Bruce Desmond. The French socialists and tripartisme, 1944–1947 (University of Toronto Press, 1965)
• Knapp, Andrew, ed. Uncertain Foundation: France at the Liberation 1944–47 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007)