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California State Route 190

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(Redirected from Western Divide Highway)
State Route 190 marker
State Route 190
Map
SR 190 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by Caltrans
Length187.590 mi[1] (301.897 km)
HistoryState highway in 1933; SR 190 in 1934
Tourist
routes		 Death Valley Scenic Byway
Section 1
West end SR 99 at Tipton
Major intersections SR 65 in Porterville
East endWestern Divide Highway at Quaking Aspen
Section 2
West end US 395 near Olancha
East end SR 127 at Death Valley Junction
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountiesTulare, Inyo
Highway system
← SR 189→ SR 191
Death Valley and access roads to State Route 190 at Hells Gate

State Route 190 (SR 190) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that is split into two parts by the Sierra Nevada. The western portion begins at Tipton at a junction with State Route 99 and heads east towards Porterville before ending at Quaking Aspen in the Sequoia National Forest. The eastern portion begins at US 395 southeast of Olancha, heads east through Death Valley National Park, and ends at State Route 127 at Death Valley Junction. The 43.0-mile[2] (69.2 km) portion over the Sierra Nevada remains unconstructed, and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has no plans to build it through the wilderness areas.[3] SR 190 is a National Scenic Byway known as the Death Valley Scenic Byway.

Route description

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State Route 190 begins at State Route 99 just south of downtown Tipton in Tulare County and heads straight east along the flat San Joaquin Valley on Avenue 144. There is a short expressway segment in Porterville, including a cloverleaf interchange at State Route 65 and a partial interchange at Main Street, after which the highway begins to curve alongside the Tule River, passing the south side of Lake Success, as the terrain becomes more rugged. Following the river, it meets the south end of County Route J37, an access road to Balch Park in the Mountain Home State Forest, at the forks of the river near the community of Springville. SR 190 continues east near the Middle Fork and South Fork Middle Fork Tule River to near Camp Nelson, where it begins rising into the foothills, going around many hairpin turns in order to rise to Quaking Aspen, the source of the South Fork Middle Fork and the end of the western segment of SR 190. The county-maintained Western Divide Highway continues south to a point west of Johnsondale, where traffic can turn east to reach US 395 via Sherman Pass and County Route J41.[4][5]

From Quaking Aspen across the Sierra Nevada to southeast of Olancha, Caltrans has adopted a proposed alignment, but is unlikely to build it, in part due to two protected wilderness areas — the Golden Trout Wilderness and South Sierra Wilderness — along the route. The unconstructed routing heads northeast from Quaking Aspen, cresting a small summit before following Freeman Creek easterly past the Freeman Creek Grove, crossing the Kern River near its forks, and then using the path of Rattlesnake Creek and Beach Creek to the Beach Meadows area. Crossing several ridges to the northeast, SR 190 would make its way to the South Fork Kern River near Monache Mountain, then heading southeast along that waterway to the vicinity of Haiwee Pass. That pass, elevation about 8200 feet (2500 m) above sea level, would take the highway over the Sierra Crest into Inyo County, dropping down the steep Eastern Sierra escarpment for 12.0 miles (19.3 km) in a north-northeasterly direction to US 395 southeast of Olancha (elevation 3650 feet/1100 m).[2][3]

SR 190 in Panamint Valley

The eastern section of SR 190 begins southeast of Olancha in the Owens Valley, at the intersection with US 395. The route heads northwest before reaching Olancha and turning northeast along the southeast side of Owens Lake to the junction with SR 136 southeast of Keeler, where it turns southeast and east around the south side of the Inyo Mountains. After passing the turnoff to Darwin, SR 190 enters Death Valley National Park and becomes curvier as it heads down into the Panamint Valley. The highway crosses the valley and then turns northeast over Towne Pass and into the northern part of Death Valley at Stovepipe Wells. Within the valley, at the intersection with North Highway, which leads to Scotty's Castle and Beatty, Nevada, SR 190 turns southeast through Death Valley, which it remains inside until the turnoff to Badwater Basin, the lowest point in North America, near the settlement of Furnace Creek. It leaves the valley to the southeast alongside Furnace Creek Wash, where the highway is usually closed at least once a year by flash floods. SR 190 turns east away from the wash at the turnoff to Dante's View, and soon leaves the park, after which it follows a mostly straight alignment to its end at State Route 127 at Death Valley Junction.[3][5]

The route east of State Route 136 near Keeler is on the California Freeway and Expressway System,[6] but is a two-lane road;[5] but except for a small portion in Porterville is not part of the National Highway System,[7] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.[8] Except west of State Route 65 in Porterville, SR 190 is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System;[9] the part within Death Valley National Park has been added to the system by the California Department of Transportation,[10] meaning that it is a substantial section of highway passing through a "memorable landscape" with no "visual intrusions", where the potential designation has gained popular favor with the community.[11] This portion is a National Scenic Byway known as the Death Valley Scenic Byway.[12]

History

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SR 190 shield in Death Valley

The path of SR 190 east of the Panamint Range in Death Valley National Park was followed in late 1849 and early 1850 by the Death Valley '49ers, a group of '49ers that had left the Old Spanish Trail at Enterprise, Utah to look for a shortcut to Walker Pass. The pioneers crossed the state line from Nevada near Ash Meadows, following the general route of present SR 190 from Death Valley Junction into Death Valley, which they left to the west into Panamint Valley and then turned south towards present State Route 178.[13] After ore was discovered in Death Valley, the route became a primitive road,[14] though most travel into the valley, such as the twenty-mule team borax route, was from the south.[15]

The second boom in Death Valley was tourism, started in the 1920s by Herman Eichbaum. After several failures in getting a toll road approved from Lida, Nevada or over Towne Pass, he scaled back plans to include only the part of the latter route between southeast of Darwin and his resort at Stovepipe Wells. The new Eichbaum Toll Road was certified complete on May 4, 1926, and toll rates were set: $2 per motor vehicle and 50¢ per person. In 1933, the state legislature added many roads to the state highway system, including a new (unsigned) Route 127, connecting Tipton with Baker via Lone Pine and Death Valley Junction.[16][17] The Death Valley National Monument was created on February 11, 1933, and in December 1934 the Division of Highways paid $25,000 for the 30.35-mile (48.84 km) road, giving the 17 miles (27 km) east of the park boundary at the pass to the National Park Service.[18] The state Division of Highways and National Park Service soon paved the route from Lone Pine (on US 395) through Towne Pass and Death Valley to Baker (on US 91).[19] The work was completed in October 1937, including the 17.5-mile (18 km) Darwin cutoff that bypassed Darwin and the old toll road west of Panamint Springs.[20] The National Park Service, using Civilian Conservation Corps labor, maintained the road through the park until August 1942, when an 11-mile (18 km) stretch east of the valley was washed out by a storm. At that time, maintenance was given back to the state, which rebuilt the destroyed segment.[3]

When the state sign route system was created in 1934, Sign Route 190 was assigned to the portion of Route 127 west of Death Valley Junction, while the remainder to Baker became part of Sign Route 127.[21] However, the highway was not continuous, with the roadway from Tipton (which had been built by Tulare County[22]) ending at Quaking Aspen (east of Camp Nelson) and that from Death Valley ending southwest of Lone Pine.[23] In 1923, Tulare County businessmen had begun to push for a new trans-Sierra highway connecting Porterville with Lone Pine,[24] but were set back by a lack of state aid, as the road was not a state highway.[25] The first piece, which would turn out to be the only one built, opened in early July 1931 to Quaking Aspen (and became a state highway in 1933).[26] Grading of the 15-mile (24 km) Western Divide Highway, a county road that was supposed to continue south to State Route 155 at Greenhorn Summit,[27] was completed from Quaking Aspen south to near Johnsondale in July 1962.[28] A new road from Johnsondale across Sherman Pass, maintained by the United States Forest Service and Tulare and Inyo Counties (the latter as County Route J41), was completed in 1976, allowing traffic on the western segment of SR 190 to reach US 395, though via a longer route than the proposed SR 190.[29]

In March 1959, Tulare County approved a change in location of the proposed highway to Olancha Pass[30] (Haiwee Pass, just to the south, was soon considered for a possible alternate location[31]), and the legislature moved the main line of Route 127 south to that location, crossing US 395 at Olancha, later that year. The old route from southeast of Keeler to Lone Pine remained as a branch,[32] and was still signed as SR 190.[33] Also in 1959, the original routing from Lone Pine through Death Valley to Baker was added to the proposed California Freeway and Expressway System, though no parts have been upgraded as such.[34] The east–west piece between Tipton and Death Valley Junction legislatively received the State Route 190 designation in the 1964 renumbering, and the north–south part became State Route 127, as it had been signed; the branch to Lone Pine became a new State Route 136.[35] By the mid-1970s, the environmental movement had essentially killed the planned connection,[29] and the designation of the Golden Trout Wilderness in 1978 and South Sierra Wilderness in 1984 were the final blow, though Caltrans still has an officially adopted alignment designated over Haiwee Pass.[3]

Future

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In 2022, construction began on a US 395 bypass of Olancha. Once completed, SR 190 will be extended along the southern portion of US 395's older alignment to a new intersection south of the community.[36] Southbound traffic was shifted onto the bypass on October 7, 2024,[37] while northbound traffic was shifted onto the bypass in November 2024. SR 190's new connection with the bypass southeast of Olancha is still currently under construction.[38]

Major intersections

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Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers to an overlap due to a correction or change, and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary (for a full list of prefixes, see California postmile § Official postmile definitions).[1] Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column.

CountyLocationPostmile
[1][3][39][40]		DestinationsNotes
Tulare
TUL 0.00-56.57		Tipton0.00Poplar AvenueContinuation beyond SR 99
0.00 SR 99 – Tulare, PixleyInterchange; west end of SR 190; former US 99; SR 99 exit 76
​4.5Road 152 (CR J15)
Poplar-Cotton Center9.47Road 192 (CR J27)
PortervilleR15.24 SR 65 – Bakersfield, LindsayInterchange; SR 65 exit 43
16.45Main Street (CR J29) – PortervilleInterchange; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
16.97Plano StreetInterchange westbound; at-grade intersection eastbound
18.45Porterville Developmental Center (Road 265)Interchange eastbound; at-grade intersection westbound
​21.10Road 284 (CR J42)
Springville27.30Road 320 (CR J28) / River Island Drive
R32.70Balch Park Road (CR J37) – Balch Park
Quaking Aspen56.57Western Divide HighwayContinuation beyond the east end of western segment of SR 190, at a point in Quaking Aspen
Gap in route
Inyo
INY 9.85-140.69		Olancha9.85 US 395 – Los Angeles, BishopWest end of eastern segment of SR 190; former US 6
​24.55
 SR 136 to US 395 – Lone Pine
Death Valley National Park42.70Death Valley National Park west boundary
57.91Panamint Valley Road (to SR 178) – Trona, Ridgecrest
93.21Scotty's Castle Road – Scotty's Castle, Beatty
128.33Death Valley National Park east boundary
Death Valley Junction140.69

 SR 127 to I-15 / US 95 / State Line Road – Amargosa Valley, Shoshone, Baker, Pahrump, Las Vegas		East end of SR 190
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c California Department of Transportation. "State Truck Route List". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (XLS file) on September 5, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  2. ^ a b California Department of Transportation, Traversible Highways Report 2002 [sic], accessed January 2008
  3. ^ a b c d e f California Department of Transportation District 9, State Route 190 Transportation Concept Report, 2003, accessed January 2008
  4. ^ California Department of Transportation District 6, State Route 190 Transportation Concept Report, February 2007, accessed January 2008
  5. ^ a b c Google Maps street maps and USGS topographic maps, accessed January 2008 via ACME Mapper
  6. ^ "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  7. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: California (South) (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
    Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: Porterville, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  8. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  9. ^ "Article 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets & Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  10. ^ California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  11. ^ California Department of Transportation (2012). Scenic Highway Guidelines (PDF). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. p. 5. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  12. ^ California Department of Transportation, California Scenic Highway Mapping System: Tulare County and Inyo County, accessed January 2008
  13. ^ Roger Brandt, National Park Service, The Lost '49ers, accessed January 2008
  14. ^ United States Geological Survey, Ballarat 1913 and Furnace Creek 1910 Archived 2008-01-15 at the Wayback Machine (scale 1:250000)
  15. ^ National Park Service, Death Valley Historic Resource Study: Wingate Wash Archived April 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, March 1981, accessed January 2008
  16. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend sections 2, 3 and 5 and to add two sections to be numbered 6 and 7 to an act entitled 'An act to provide for the acquisition of rights of way for and the construction, maintenance..." Fiftieth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 767 p. 2038.: "State Highway Route 31 to Death Valley and connection to California-Nevada State line." "State Highway Route 23 near Lone Pine to Death Valley." "State Highway Route 4 near Tipton, via Porterville and Camp Nelson to State Highway Route 23 near Lone Pine."
  17. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to establish a Streets and Highways Code, thereby consolidating and revising the law relating to public ways and all appurtenances thereto, and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts specified herein". Fifty-first Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 29 p. 284.: "Route 127 is from: (a) Route 4 near Tipton via Porterville and Camp Nelson to Route 23 near Lone Pine. (b) Route 23 near Lone Pine to Death Valley. (c) Route 31 to Death Valley."
  18. ^ National Park Service, Death Valley Historic Resource Study: Stovepipe Wells Hotel, March 1981, accessed January 2008
  19. ^ National Park Service, Death Valley Historic Resource Study: Furnace Creek Inn, March 1981, accessed January 2008
  20. ^ Fitzhugh L. Minnigerodee, The New York Times, Road Joins 'Extremes', October 24, 1937, p. 8
  21. ^ Dennis, T.H. (August 1934). "State Routes Will Be Numbered and Marked with Distinctive Bear Signs". California Highways and Public Works. 11 (8): 20–21, 32. ISSN 0008-1159 – via Archive.org.
  22. ^ Ben Blow, California Highways: A Descriptive Record of Road Development by the State and by Such Counties as Have Paved Highways, 1920 (Archive.org or Internet Archive), pp. 278-279
  23. ^ Automobile Club of Southern California, Mojave & Colorado Deserts[permanent dead link‍], 1941
  24. ^ Los Angeles Times, Trail Over Mountains Supported, June 15, 1923, p. II10
  25. ^ Los Angeles Times, Whitney Trail is Refused Aid, December 14, 1923, p. I18
  26. ^ Los Angeles Times, Mountain Road Opened, July 5, 1931, p. 5
  27. ^ Fresno Bee Republican, Western Divide Party Urges Road Work At Once, August 23, 1954
  28. ^ Fresno Bee Republican, Grading is All Finished on Scenic Divide Highway, July 20, 1962
  29. ^ a b The Fresno Bee, See It All in the Sierra, October 24, 1976
  30. ^ Reno Evening Gazette, Olancha Pass Road Approved, March 13, 1959
  31. ^ Nevada State Journal, Inyo Group Seeks Fund for Olancha Pass Route, April 22, 1962
  32. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend Section 427 of the Streets and Highways Code, relating to highway Route 127". 1959 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 1355 p. 3627.
  33. ^ H.M. Gousha Company, California, 1963
  34. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend Sections 306, 320, 332, 351, 362, 365, 369, 374, 382, 388, 397, 407, 408, 409, 410, 415, 422, 435, 440, 446, 453, 456, 460, 467, 470, 476, 487, 492, 493, 494, 506, 521, 528, and 529..." 1959 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 1062 p. 3114.: "Route 127 from Route 23 to Route 31 via Death Valley."
  35. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to add Section 253 and Article 3 (commencing with Section 300) to Chapter 2 of Division 1 of, and to repeal Section 253 and Article 3 (commencing with Section 300) of Chapter 2 of Division 1 of, the..." 1963 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 385 p. 1185.: "Route 190 is from Route 99 near Tipton to Route 127 near Death Valley Junction via the vicinity of Porterville, Camp Nelson, Olancha, and Death Valley."
  36. ^ "Olancha-Cartago 4-Lane Project". Caltrans. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  37. ^ "Traffic Lanes to Switch Again on U.S. 395 Near Cartago". California Department of Transportation. October 3, 2024. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  38. ^ "Northbound Traffic to Switch to New Lanes on U.S. 395 Near Olancha". California Department of Transportation. November 12, 2024. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  39. ^ California Department of Transportation (July 2007). "Log of Bridges on State Highways". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation.
  40. ^ California Department of Transportation, All Traffic Volumes on CSHS Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 2006, accessed January 2008
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