Val di Stava dam collapse
| Date | 19 July 1985 |
|---|---|
| Location | Stava, Trentino, Italy |
| Type | Dam failure |
| Deaths | 268 |
| Suspects | 10 charged |
| Verdict | Guilty |
| Convictions | Culpable disaster and multiple manslaughter |
The Val di Stava Dam collapse occurred on 19 July 1985, when two tailings dams above the village of Stava, near Tesero, Italy, failed. It resulted in one of Italy's worst disasters, killing 268 people, destroying 63 buildings and demolishing eight bridges.
The upper dam broke first, leading to the collapse of the lower dam. Around 180,000 cubic metres (6,350,000 ft³) of mud, sand, and water were released into the Rio di Stava valley and toward the village of Stava at a speed of 90 km/h (56 mph). Having crashed through the village, the torrent continued until it reached the Avisio River a further 4.2 km (2.6 mi) away, destroying everything in its path.[1]
Cause
[edit]An investigation into the disaster found that the dams were poorly maintained and the margin of safe operation was very small.[1]
A pipe in the upper dam used to drain water had begun to sag under the weight of sediment, making the dam's drainage less effective. Meanwhile, water continued to be pumped into the reservoir behind the dam, which, coupled with the less efficient drainage, meant the pressure on the bank of the upper dam began to increase. Following the path of least resistance, water began penetrating the bank, causing the soil within to liquefy and weaken the bank until it failed. The water and tailings from the upper dam then flowed into the lower dam, which, under the immense pressure produced, failed thirty seconds later.[1]
In June 1992, 10 people were convicted of culpable disaster and multiple manslaughter for their roles in the accident and were all sentenced to prison.
See also
[edit]- National Geographic Seconds From Disaster episodes
- 1998 Residue dam wall collapse of the Aznalcollar mine
- 2000 Baia Mare cyanide spill
- 2010 Ajka alumina plant accident
- Vajont Dam
References
[edit]- ^ a b c F. Luino and J. V. De Graff (2012). "The Stava mudflow of 19 July 1985 (Northern Italy): a disaster that effective regulation might have prevented" (PDF). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 12 (4). Copernicus Publications: 1030–1042. Bibcode:2012NHESS..12.1029L. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-1029-2012. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
External links
[edit]- Stava tailings dam failure
- Stava official site Fondazione Stava 1985 onlus
- Modern Marvels' 3rd clip (between 20:10 & 28:25) gives very interesting details from locals & others about the Stava disaster: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Hty-6x1u_6A&t=360s
- Dams in Italy
- Building and structure collapses in Italy
- Floods in Italy
- 1985 disasters in Italy
- 1985 industrial disasters
- Manslaughter trials
- Tailings dam failures
- July 1985 events in Europe
- Dam failures in Europe
- Building and structure collapses in 1985
- Industrial accidents and incidents in Italy
- Environmental history of Italy
- Trials in Italy
- 1980s trials
- 1980s floods in Europe
- History of Trentino