User talk:Olympic god

Cyprus

Hi, I'm all british/greek/turkish cypriot, and im glad to see that you have included both parts of Cyprus in your bio. It makes me very sad that the Greeks and Turks do not get on.. I see so many people that bad mouth the other party instead of working together.. the war was all our ancestors fault, we should move on from this bitterness as it does neither side any good.. dont you agree Olympian? Zara Cyp (talk) 18:46, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

Cyprus GA

As someone who's worked on the Cyprus articles, you might be interested in following the GA recommendations at http://en.wiki.x.io/wiki/Talk:Cyprus/GA1. Best, Vizjim (talk) 08:40, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

Awards

Awards and accolades

Main article: Charmed awards and nominations

Charmed has gathered several awards and nominations. The series was nominated for four Saturn Awards during its run, including Best Network Television Series for its first season and two nominations for lead actress Shannen Doherty. Rose McGowan won a Family Television Award in 2005 for Favourite Sister, whilst co-star Alyssa Milano has been nominated for a Kids' Choice Award, Teen Choice Award and Spacey Award. McGowan, after having also appeared in feature film Grindhouse, won a Spike Award for Femme Fatale in 2007. Holly Marie Combs has been nominated for three Best Lead Actress in a Science Fiction Series RATTY awards, having won once in 2003. Charmed has also received recognition for its young actors, having been nominated for five Young Artist Awards, with guest star Alex Black winning once for his role in the fourth season episode "Lost and Bound".

As well as the success of its cast, Charmed has accumulated awards for its production. The series won two ASCAP Awards for its music composers, Tim Truman and Jay Gruska, and a Hollywood Post Alliance Award for Outstanding Audio Post in Television for its final season. The Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild nominated the episode "The Devil's Music" for Best Contemporary Hair Styling in 2000. Directors of the series have also been acknowledged, including John T. Kretchmer who was nominated for a RATTY Award for the series premier "Something Wicca This Way Comes". NAACP Image Awards, which honors African-Americans, nominated Janice Cooke Leonard for an Outstanding Directing in a Dramatic Series award in 2006. The series has also received further nominations from the International Horror Guild, TV Guide Awards, Teen Choice Awards, amongst others, for best television series.

The series also received a Certificate of Merit from the Entertainment Industries Council's EDGE Awards which recognizes media that promote firearm safety and discourage gun violence. Charmed has been acknowledged abroad, having being nominated for a Spanish TP de Oro and having won a Cable Guide Award in the United Kingdom for Favourite Sci-Fi/Fantasy Series in 2001. Executive producer Aaron Spelling has also won several awards for his contribution to television, including a BAFTA for Excellence in Television, and a Producers Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award.

In 2006, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences declared that, following the January 22 broadcast of "Payback's a Witch", Charmed became the longest running hour-long series in television history featuring all female leads. The series surpassed Laverne & Shirley (as well as other shows, including Sex and the City and Designing Women) in achieving the milestone. The accolade applies to hour-long television series with multiple female leads (Murder She Wrote being the longest running with a singular female protagonist). Executive producer and show runner, Brad Kern, stated that "it's a remarkable accomplishment... It's something we're all immensely proud of".

In 2000, Cult TV Awards placed Charmed within its top 100 cult television series of the century at number forty-four. The depiction of witchcraft in Charmed has also had a significant impact on popular culture. In 2008, the religious organisation Beliefnet accounted the Charmed Ones as the eighth most significant fictional witches in history, behind the Weird Sisters from William Shakespeare's Macbeth and the Biblical Witch of Endor. Beliefnet praised the cultural image of Charmed for its female empowerment, mythology and how the sisters "managed to solve their cases" week-on-week. The previous year, AOL Television ranked each Charmed One within its top fifteen of the greatest witches in television history — Paige twelfth, Prue ninth, Phoebe seventh and Piper third.

Expanded universe

Outside of the television series, the narrative has been officially expanded and elaborated on within the so-called "Charmed universe", a term popularized by fans, academics, and writers of the series and its spin-offs. The creators of these works may or may not keep to established continuity. Similarly, writers for the television series were under no obligation to use information which had been established by the expanded universe, and sometimes contradicted such continuity.

Literature

Main article: List of Charmed books

Charmed novels have been released since 1999 by publisher Simon Spotlight Entertainment. The first, Eliza Willard's "The Power of Three", was a novelization of the series premier episode "Something Wicca This Way Comes". All other novels, apart from "Charmed Again" which documents the events of the two-part episode of the same name, are original stories revolving around the four Charmed Ones and their allies.

The novels follow no strict continuity with the television series or each other, and are sometimes considered to be non-canon by fans. This is due to there being a period of roughly a year between the original idea for a novel and the finalised product, causing difficulties for authors who are unaware of how the television series will develop and change during the writing process. Despite this, however, editors function as the medium between the author and the production company, specifically creator Constance M. Burge. Therefore, the television producers have final approval of everything in the novels, which could indicate that the literature conforms to the established canon of the series and the so-called "Charmed universe".

Forty three novels have been written in the Charmed series thus far. Ten include Prue and the original line-up of Charmed Ones, whilst the remaining thirty three feature Piper, Phoebe and Paige. Two of the novels, "Seasons of the Witch" and "The Warren Witches", are anthologies of short stories. Most focus on the Charmed Ones, however some of the stories in "The Warren Witches" place greater emphasis on the sisters' ancestors, the Warren line of witches, whilst the novel "Leo Rising" features Leo Wyatt and his sons Wyatt and Chris Halliwell as protagonists. Writers of the series include Hugo Award-winner Diana G. Gallagher, Paul Ruditis, and Laura J. Burns.

Along with the television series, Charmed literature is also subject to study as part of Charmed academia.

Comic

Charmed
Publication information
Publisher	Zenescope Entertainment
Genre	Supernatural Occult Witchcraft
Publication date	2010 - present
No. of issues	2 (unreleased)
Main character(s)	Piper Halliwell Phoebe Halliwell Paige Matthews
Creative team
Written by	Paul Ruditis Raven Gregory
Artist(s)	Dave Hoover Eric Basaldua

On March 15, 2010, Zenescope Entertainment announced that it had acquired the rights, from CBS Consumer Products, to publish comic books and graphic novels based on Charmed. Previously, in December, 2009, Broken Frontier had revealed that Zenescope had been granted the license to Charmed and were planning to release the first issue of a spin-off comic book series in summer 2010. The first advertisement for the series, a poster featuring a triquetra symbol and the tag line "The Girls are Back" written in the series font, appeared in the December 16, 2009 issue of Zenescope comic book Escape From Wonderland #3. Zenescope's comic series will feature original stories set after the television series' eighth and final season, with Issue #0 being released in June 2010 and the first issue proper, Issue #1, premierming at the San Diego Comic-Con International in July. The first publication, Issue #0, is entitled "Source Book" and will act as a "prequel to the comic book series and [a] catch up on the Charmed universe". Cover artwork for the first two publications has been released online.

The two writers of the series will be Paul Ruditis, who has written several Charmed novels, and Raven Gregory, writter of Zenescope's Wonderland comics. Interior artwork will be produced by Dave Hoover, who released model sheets of the three Charmed Ones as early as summer 2009. Cover art has also been created by Eric Basaldua.

If everything goes according to plan I'll be working on a "Charmed" comic book based on the hit TV series published by Zenescope Entertainment. To get the job I had to compete with others vying for the same gig, and our task was to do model sheets of the girls showing how we would draw them. The art would be approved by the studio. The odd thing about this was that they supplied no photo reference, so I searched the internet high and low looking for the best possible pictures. Of the three girls, I thought Alyssa Milano would be the easiest to draw, but she turned out to be the hardest. She sort of changed her look more often than the other two, Rose McGowan and Holly Marie Combs.

— Dave Hoover, deviantART, March 13, 2009

The first press release from Zenecope Entertainment indicated that Charmed, based on the "ultra-popular" franchise, would be a natural addition to the publisher's pre-existing "sultry and strong female characters". Editor-in-Chief, Ralph Tedesco, also announced that "the key to this series success is to strike a nice balance in creating a brand new, intriguing storyline for fans of the television show while also not alienating Zenescope and comic book readers who haven't really followed it before".

Video game

Main article: Charmed (video game)

In-Fusio, DC Studios and Fox Interactive developed an action, platform video game based on the television series, entitled Charmed. The game was released by In-Fusion in Europe and China in January 2003, and in North America in September 2004. Players take the role of one of the Charmed Ones and must rescue the other two sisters from the first on-screen incarnation of The Source of All Evil. It is set during the first half of the series' fourth season, following Paige Matthew's introduction between "Charmed Again" and "Hell Hath No Fury", and prior to the Source's vanquish in "Charmed and Dangerous".

Impact on other media

Some British supernatural series have also been compared heavily to Charmed, including Merlin and Hex. The latter, described as "the U.K.'s edgier, oversexed response to Charmed", and as a "British take on" the series, has been argued to have several "comparisons [and] a very similar appeal" by critics. In her review of Hex, Nancy Amazon of Kissing Fingertips suggests that:

It isn't enough anymore for a show to just reveal "woohoo, she has some powers!" That's where shows such as Buffy and Charmed really have had an influence. They've spoiled us. Anyone who has watched those shows expects there to be some powers, some magic, some supernatural twist. What really needs to get moving to catch our attention is the character development.

Unreferenced BLPs

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Infobox

Charmed universe
Created by	Constance M. Burge
Original work	"The unaired pilot"
Print publications
Book(s)	Literature Guide books and academia
Comics	Comics
Magazine(s)	Charmed Magazine
Films and television
Television series	Charmed The Women of Charmed Charmed: Behind the Magic Charmed: Life's a Witch Charmed: Access All Areas The Women of Charmed 2 Mermaid
Games
Traditional	Board games Collectible card game
Video game(s)	Charmed
Audio
Soundtrack(s)	Charmed: The Soundtrack Charmed: The Book of Shadows Charmed: The Final Chapter

Articles for deletion nomination of Amanda Sickler

I have nominated Amanda Sickler, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Amanda Sickler. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.

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Cyprus

I am getting *really* tired of your incessant, bizarre POV-pushing to try and eliminate any and all connections between Hellenism and Cyprus on this encyclopedia. I won't stand for it, and neither will many others, so be aware that your campaign has *zero* chances of success. As that little essay of yours at the top of the talkpage makes it all too clear, your views are waaaaaaaaaay out there, so please refrain from trying to modify this encyclopedia accordingly. Ούτε Τούρκος τέτοιο πράμα. Αμάν ποιά. Athenean (talk) 02:08, 7 February 2010 (UTC)

Do you know the difference between ethnicity and nationality? "Cypriot" is a nationality, it is not an ethnicity. There is no such thing as a Cypriot "ethnicity" or "ethnic Cypriots." That's why if you look up Greeks, Cypriots are included. One ethnic group, two states. How much simpler can it be? At the turn of the century and up until 1974, there was overwhelming support for "enosis" among Greek Cypriots. Why else would that be the case, unless Cypriots identified as "Greeks"? You seem to think that because Cypriots have a separate state, that it makes them a separate ethnic group. It doesn't. No anthropologists or ethnologists acknowledge the existence of a "Cypriot" ethnicity. Athenean (talk) 19:27, 7 February 2010 (UTC)

Έτυχε να δω την απάντησή σου στον Αθήνιαν σχετικά με την εθνική ταυτότητα των Κυπρίων. Επιβεβαιώνει ότι μου έλεγε πάντα ο πατέρας μου για τους Κύπριους. Τώρα συνειδητοποίησα πόσο δίκιο είχε, αλλά δυστυχώς έχει πεθάνει πλέον για να του ζητήσω συγνώμη γιά ότι του απαντούσα. Θα θυμάμαι ό,τι έγραψες κάθε φορά που θα βρίσκεται κάποιος Κύπριος μπροστά μου και θα του συμπεριφέρομαι αναλόγως: Σαν σε μη Έλληνα, φιλόξενα. Η εταιρία μου συνεργάζεται με αρκετούς, αλλά παρόλες τις συμβουλές του πατέρα μου δεν είχα ιδέα για το τι πιστεύουν ότι είναι. Στο ενδιάμεσο θα συνιστούσα να αλλάξεις το unsourced κείμενο που έχεις στη προσωπική σου σελίδα, ειδικά στο σημείο που αναφέρεις το λόγο που βρίσκεσαι στη WP. Επίσης, μιας και εισαι στην Ελλάδα, τώρα με την ψήφηση του νόμου περί Ελληνοποίησης θα σου συνιστούσα να πας με τους Αλβανούς και τους άλλους μη Έλληνες να κάνεις καμμιά αίτηση για να πάρεις υπηκοότητα, αν και απ'ότι γράφεις δεν είμαι σίγουρος ότι αυτό θα σε κάνει να αισθάνεσαι πιό άνετα στη χώρα μου. Νάσαι καλά για ότι με έμαθες, εύχομαι σε σένα και το λαό σου κάθε καλό. --Factuarius (talk) 03:14, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Καλά, μην τρελαινόμαστε κιόλας. Οι απόψεις του συγκεκριμένου δεν αντικατοπτρίζουν εκείνες της τεράστιας πλειοψηφίας του κυπριακού Ελληνισμού. Με τέτοιου είδους συνεισφορές, αμφιβάλλω αν είναι καν Ελληνοκύπριος. ·ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΣ· 04:04, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

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Cultural impact

Fandom

Brian Krause, who portrayed Leo Wyatt in the series, attending the London Film and Comic Convention in July 2012.

Recognized as a 'cult classic', Charmed has amassed a large fan community whose members are occasionally referred to as "Charmers" (a term adopted by writers of the series comics and literature, such as Paul Ruditis). Members of the fandom not only interact online in internet forums and through the distribution of fan fiction, but also gather at fan conventions and tours of landmarks and filming sets related to the television series (including Carroll Avenue and San Francisco). Its sizable fanbase has been credited with the series' lucrative global distribution and with it gaining a multinational cult following. Ruditis has often discussed the size and influence of 'Charmed fandom', including its significant online presence. Alyssa Milano has described fans of the series as 'the greatest fans on the planet and the most loyal' and credits them with both the show's durability and CBS's 2013 plans to develop a reboot series only seven years after the original series ended. Like Ruditis and Milano, Brad Kern has acknowledged that Charmed fans are as 'loyal as loyal can be' and are notably 'computer-savvy', suggesting that they are drawn to both its mythology and focus on family dynamics.

In the year of its final season, Charmed was consistently one of the top 20 searched series on TVGuide.com. Between its inception in 2001 and 2006, it had been the most searched show featured on TVShowsOnDVD.com, according to contributor Gord Lacey. Following the high sales of the first season DVDs, Kern initiated a fan campaign to put pressure on Paramount Home Entertainment to include behind-the-scenes features on the follow-up releases; eventually, the eighth season DVDs featured such bonus material, including a short film interviewing fans entitled "Forever Charmed". During the United Kingdom general election of 2015, the British broadcaster, E4, received official complaints as reruns of the series were temporarily suspended on May 7 to encourage voting in its key demographic of 16-34 year olds. A backlash of protests against the network appeared on social networking services, including Twitter, and the response was reported in the national press.

Charmed fandom has been the subject of academic analysis; Karin Beeler, in Seers, Witches and Psychics on Screen (2008), evaluates fans' reception of the series as a significant and revealing paradigm through which to assess the representation of both women and the supernatural in contemporary media. One online fan fiction series was analysed by scholar Ted Nannicelli (University of Queensland) in his study of film and television screenplays. Unique to Charmed fandom, replicas of the Book of Shadows are produced and distributed by fans.

Charmed conventions attended by both cast of the series and writers of the comics have been organized in Australia, Europe, and North America. Season 9 of the comic book series premiered at San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2010, while Season 10 debuted in October 2014 at New York Comic Con. Throughout 2013, Holly Marie Combs and Brian Krause attended a series of global conventions in Philadelphia, Nashville, Orlando, London, Melbourne, and at Wizard World Chicago. In March and April 2014, Combs and Krause reunited with Shannen Doherty at the annual Oz Comic Con in Perth and Adelaide, before appearing together at Ohio Comic Con in November. In March of the same year, Combs, Doherty, and Krause were joined by Dorian Gregory, Drew Fuller, and Wes Ramsey at the Charmed Convention hosted by Guests Events in Paris.

Reported famous fans of the series include the Academy Award-winning film director, Quentin Tarantino (who received a replica Book of Shadows as a gift from the cast and crew, and who cast lead actress Rose McGowan in his 2007 feature film Death Proof); broadcast journalist, Josh Levs (who composed an article for CNN on his 'addict[ion]' to the series); Golden Globe-winning actress and rapper, Queen Latifah; and stock car racing driver, Brad Keselowski; among others.

Social and religious impact

Scholars have suggested that the popularity of Charmed has influenced a rise in religious conversions to paganism, witchcraft, or Wicca in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Hannah E. Sanders has identified the series' impact in developing a post-feminist 'teen witch craze in Britain' in the late 1990s. Another study by Carole M. Cusack has charted the increase in non-Christian spirituality in the late 1990s according to the Australian census which she partially ascribes to representations of witchcraft in the media, including Charmed. Jeffrey Burton Russell (University of California, Santa Barbara) argues that Charmed and other shows in its genre are responsible for the growing acknowledgment of paganism as an organized religion in American society. According to Owen Davies (University of Hertfordshire), the series and its representation of a Book of Shadows have generated a 'considerable cultural recognition' of Wicca. This has lead to controversy among some Christian clergy; in 2003, the British Roman Catholic bishop, Marcus Stock, publicly advised against watching Charmed as it 'seem[s] to be appealing to a spiritual element which perhaps [viewers] are not finding from traditional faiths'.

Brian Pavlac (King's College, London) suggests that Charmed has helped counter centuries-old negative stereotypes about people described as 'witches' who have historically been victims of violence and discrimination, a view shared by other academics.

Academia

Main article: Charmed academia

Since its inception, Charmed as been analysed in the academic works of scholars engaged in cultural studies and women's studies, becoming the subject of peer-reviewed, published essays, articles, and books. Many academics adopt a gender perspective to perform in-depth analyses of third-wave feminism in the series, including the anthology of essays, Investigating Charmed: The Magic Power of TV (2007), edited by Karin and Stan Beeler (University of Northern British Columbia). Other published works on the series include the collection of essays, Totally Charmed: Demons, Whitelighters and the Power of Three (2005), edited by Jennifer Crusie and Leah Wilson, and Bewitched Again: Supernaturally Powerful Women on Television, 1996-2011, by Julie D. O'Reilly (Heidelberg University). M. D. Meyer's thesis, 'The Process of Developmental Empowerment in Charmed: Implications of a Television Narrative on Third-Wave Feminism, Witchcraft, and Disempowerment' resulted in her being awarded a Certificate in Women's Studies from Ohio University in 2004. Similarly, Maria D. DeRose's dissertation towards a Doctor of Philosophy degree at Bowling Green State University, entitled 'Searching for Wonder Women: Examining Women's Non-Violent Power in Feminist Science Fiction', explores the role of violence in feminist science fiction, dedicating one case study to 'The Transformative, Transgressive Heroic Women of Charmed'. In 2012, French professor and essayist Alexis Pichard delivered a lecture on intertextuality and postmodernism in Charmed at the Université de Rouen.

Influence on television

Charmed was the first primetime television show about a coven of witches. Following the January 22, 2006 broadcast of the season eight episode "Payback's a Witch", Charmed became the longest-running hour-long series in American television history featuring all female leads.^{[Note 1]} In 2000, Cult TV placed Charmed at number forty-four on its list of the 'Top 100 Cult TV Shows'. In 2007, AOL TV ranked each Charmed One on its list of the 'Top TV Witches' — Piper third, Phoebe seventh, Prue ninth, and Paige twelfth. In 2010, The Huffington Post and AOL TV ranked Charmed at number ten on their joint list of 'The Top 20 Magic/Supernatural Shows of All Time', and in 2013, TV Guide placed the series on its list of 'The 60 Greatest Sci-Fi Shows of All Time'.

After Charmed ended, there were no other long-running shows about witches to rival series about vampires and zombies. Many witch-themed shows after Charmed have been cancelled after one or two seasons. The 2013 fall season saw a resurgence of witches in new shows The Originals and Witches of East End and in the third season of American Horror Story titled, Coven. They were succeeded by Salem in 2014, and New World the following year. In an interview, Alyssa Milano stated that she believes Charmed helped pave the way for these witch-themed series, saying: 'I think, really, it's due to the success of Charmed and the fact that it had so much success even after it was done, meaning that people looked for it, people searched it out and watched those episodes over and over. The Charmed fans are... the most loyal fans on the planet. I feel like networks are trying to replicate that'. The growing trend of witches on television that year led CBS to develop a reboot of Charmed.

Witches of East End was noted by critics for its strong resemblance to Charmed, as both shows concern a sisterhood of witches and have similar houses, which its executive producer Maggie Friedman has acknowledged. Other witch-themed shows that have been compared to Charmed include Eastwick, The Secret Circle, Switch and Hex. The latter was received as 'the U.K.'s edgier, oversexed response to Charmed', and as a 'British take on' the series. The WB drama Supernatural has been described as the 'male version of' Charmed for its related format of demon-fighting siblings.

Scholar Janet L. Halfyard analyses similarities between the triad casts of Angel and Charmed, comparing the roles of Angel, Wesley, and Cordelia with those of Prue, Piper, and Phoebe, noting parallels in characterization and magical powers (in particular, both Cordelia and Phoebe have visions of the future). The fourth season episode of Charmed, "Brain Drain" (2001), in which Piper enters a dream state in which she questions the reality of her existence as a witch, has been compared by scholars with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode "Normal Again" (2002) in a which a similar premise is enacted with protagonist Buffy Summers. The same episode of Charmed has also been compared with episodes of Smallville ("Labyrinth", 2007) and Stargate Atlantis ("The Real World", 2006). The season four episode "Spell" of Smallville also received comparisons to Charmed as it focuses on a trio of witches.

Documentaries

Several televised documentaries on Charmed have been produced and aired. In April 2000, The Women of Charmed was broadcast on E!, and in February 2003, Charmed: Behind the Magic was aired in the United Kingdom on Living TV.

Cast reunions

Actors from the series have regularly been cast together in performances outside Charmed. Shannen Doherty and Julian McMahon both appeared in the 2001 science fiction film Another Day, while Rose McGowan featured in a recurring role as Theodora "Teddy" Rowe in Nip/Tuck's sixth season (2009) in which McMahon portrays the lead, Christian Troy. In 2014, Wes Ramsey was cast in a guest role in Pretty Little Liars in which Holly Marie Combs was a long-term cast member. Combs and Doherty fronted a road trip reality series, Off the Map with Shannen & Holly, which premiered on Great American Country on January 2, 2015. The series follows the duo traveling across the southeastern United States, and was promoted as an informal Charmed 'reunion' in the press.

Influence on popular culture

The depiction of witchcraft in Charmed has had a significant impact on popular culture. In 2008, the religious organisation Beliefnet ranked The Charmed Ones at number eight on their list of the 'Top 10 Witches in Pop Culture'. Beliefnet praised the cultural image of Charmed for its female empowerment and complex mythology. In 2011, Seventeen magazine named The Charmed Ones the ninth best fictional witches of all time, while E! Online ranked Piper at number six on their list of 'Pop Culture's Top 10 Most Bitchin' Witches'. In 2012, the Chicago Tribune placed The Charmed Ones at number seven on their list of 'The Top Pop Culture Witches of All Time', and, in the United Kingdom, RadioTimes included the characters in their compilation of the 'Best TV Witches'. In 2014, The Charmed Ones were ranked at number six on the 'Pop Culture's Favorite Witches' list by MSN's Wonderwall, and were placed on The Huffington Post's list of 'The Best TV Siblings Of All Time'.

In 2008, various press and social media outlets claimed that the politician and 2008 Republican candidate for Vice President of the United States, Sarah Palin, named one of her daughters, Piper, after the Charmed character of the same name. Palin has neither confirmed nor denied the veracity of the claim, although some journalists have suggested it to be untrue.

The science fiction television drama Journeyman (2007) was filmed on the same location as Charmed, Carroll Avenue, Los Angeles and was also set in San Francisco. Like Charmed, it featured the theme of supernatural time travel.

Notes

^Note 1 One online Buzzfeed post has suggested that this accolade has since been surpassed by Desperate Housewives. However, this claim has not appeared in any other mainstream publication and it has not been discussed by cast or crew of either series. While several of the main cast members of Desperate Housewives are female, two male actors, Ricardo Antonio Chavira and James Denton, have appeared in every episode of the series. In the title sequence, the mixed-gender cast is credited together; in the first season, the series is billed as 'Starring Terri Hatcher', [et al], Steven Culp, Ricardo Antonio Chavira, [...] and James Denton'. By contrast, only female cast members, Holly Marie Combs and Alyssa Milano, have appeared in every episode of Charmed and have been credited as main cast members in every series. The introductory credits bill the series as 'Starring Shannen Doherty, Holly Marie Combs, ^and Alyssa Milano' (for seasons 1-3) or as 'Starring Alyssa Milano, Rose McGowan, ^and Holly Marie Combs as "Piper"' (seasons 4-8), followed by supporting and guest actors. While several published monographs — including the Handbook to Life in America by Rodney P. Carlisle (Rutgers University); the Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World; and Investigating 'Charmed': The Magic Power of TV — have analysed Charmed as 'the longest-running show in history featuring female leads', no reference to this accolade in relation to Desperate Housewives has ever appeared in academic print. Aaron Spelling, Brad Kern, and cast members, Milano, McGowan, and Combs, have all publicly recognized and discussed the accolade. Other online sources, including an October 2013 article in Inquisitr, maintain the record for Charmed still holds.

Mermaid

Mermaid
Genre	Drama Fantasy
Developed by	Brad Kern
Starring	Nathalie Kelley Geoff Stults Roger Daltrey Brandon Quinn Ana Ortiz Beatrice Rosen
Country of origin	United States
Original language	English
No. of episodes	1 (unaired)
Production
Executive producers	Brad Kern Aaron Spelling E. Duke Vincent
Production locations	Miami, Florida
Camera setup	Single-camera
Production companies	Spelling Entertainment Warner Bros. Television
Original release
Network	The WB
Related
Charmed

Mermaid was a proposed American television series concept developed by Brad Kern as a spin-off of Charmed. Although a pilot for The WB Television Network was produced in 2005 for the 2005-06 television season, the show was not picked when The WB and UPN merged to form a new television network, The CW. Set in the fictional "Charmed universe" and based on events established in the fifth season double-episode premiere, the unaired pilot focused on a mermaid, Nikki (portrayed by Nathalie Kelley), attempting to lead a normal life in modern-day Miami, Florida. Two actors in the pilot, Brandon Quinn and Beatrice Rosen, went on to star in recurring roles in the final season of Charmed.

Plot

The series was intended to focus on a mermaid, Nikki (Nathalie Kelley), who is rescued by a young man when she washes ashore in Miami. Her savior, Matt Johnson (Geoff Stults), is a lawyer living with a roommate (Brandon Quinn) and engaged to the daughter of his boss. Initially, he is in disbelief of Nikki's identity, until it is proven true. According to the series mythology, mermaids are a race of creatures whose evolution took place underwater. The mermaids originate from a sunken city and have supernatural abilities, including superhuman strength and agility, as well as being able to see in the dark and read emotions. However, another race of creatures who also began their existence underwater, but have since adapted to dry land, include Eric Luger (Roger Daltrey) who is hunting Nikki. Nikki, meanwhile, attempts to fulfill a normal life by working as a waitress at a local restaurant while living with Matt and his roommate. She begins assisting Matt in his attempts to help people; as the villainous Luger assesses, mermaids are drawn to protecting the innocent, it is 'in their blood'.

Production

Following the success of the fifth season premiere, "A Witch's Tail", the theme of mermaids was recognized to have potential for a spin-off series, even though the episode was not initially intended to act as a backdoor pilot for another television series. In the episode, a mermaid, Miley (Jaime Pressly), enlists the help of the protagonists, the Charmed Ones, to protect her from the Sea Hag and the demon Necron. In early 2005, the executive producers of Charmed, Brad Kern, Aaron Spelling and E. Duke Vincent, developed a one-hour pilot episode for The WB, entitled Mermaid, featuring a new set of characters. It was written by Kern and filmed in Miami during the seventh season of Charmed, at the same time as the season finale, "Something Wicca This Way Goes?".

During the casting process, Kern 'looked in London and New York and New Zealand, Hollywood, Florida, Melbourne and Sydney' and, after interviewing around 300 candidates, discovered 'a fresh new face' in Australian actress Nathalie Kelley who was cast in the lead role as Nikki. Geoff Stults was then cast as Matt, and Roger Daltrey, lead singer of The Who, as the antagonist, Eric Luger. Brandon Quinn portrayed Matt's 'goofy best friend' in the pilot; after Mermaid, he went on to play Homeland Security Agent Murphy in the eighth season of Charmed. Speaking of his roles in both series, Quinn stated that:

[In Mermaid] I was the party man ... in the pilot, I had no job; I was a permanent bachelor. And when Brad [Kern] told me about [Agent Murphy], he was, like, 'He's a Homeland Security agent, he's 180 degrees opposite from what you played in my pilot this year, but I really think you could do it.' And I was, like, 'Wow, thanks for trusting me with Agent Murphy.'

Also cast in main roles were Ana Ortiz (who went on to star in Ugly Betty the following year) and Beatrice Rosen who, like Quinn, developed a recurring role in Charmed's eighth season as Maya Holmes, an innocent whose image Piper Halliwell inadvertently uses as her false identity 'Jenny Bennett'.

The pilot was considered to have a good chance of being picked up, but when The WB and UPN merged into The CW, the resulting network passed on the show. Speaking on the failure of the series to be picked up, Kern also revealed that CBS and Paramount Television 'decided at the last second to cut the budget in half', which resulted in the number of shooting days to be reduced, thus decreasing the quality of the pilot in being able to '"sell" the concept'.

Cast

• Nathalie Kelley as Nikki, a mermaid attempting to lead a normal life as a human in Miami
• Geoff Stults as Matt Johnson, a lawyer and Nikki's human love interest
• Roger Daltrey as Eric Luger, a supernatural being hunting mermaids like Nikki
• Brandon Quinn as Matt's roommate
• Ana Ortiz
• Beatrice Rosen

See also

• Mermaids in popular culture

References

Category:Television spin-offs Category:Television pilots not picked up as a series

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Fandom

Brian Krause, who portrays Leo Wyatt in the series, attending the London Film and Comic Convention in July 2012.

The Charmed fandom is an international and informal fan community of people drawn together by the American television series Charmed, its expanded universe of canonical novels and comic books, and related merchandise (such as the video game and board games). Members are occasionally referred to as Charmers, a term adopted by writers of the series literature, including Paul Ruditis. Charmed fans not only interact online in internet forums and through the distribution of fan fiction, but also gather at fan conventions and tours of landmarks and filming sets related to the television series (including San Francisco and Carroll Avenue, Los Angeles).

History

Charmed is an American television series created by Constance M. Burge and developed by showrunner Brad Kern which was originally broadcast for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006, on The WB. Its first episode, "Something Wicca This Way Comes", garnered 7.7 million viewers, breaking the record for the highest-rated debut episode for The WB. The ratings success of its pilot episode resulted in a first season of twenty-two episodes being picked up after only two episodes had aired. During its fifth season, the series became the highest-rated Sunday night program in the network's history. Throughout its original run, it was consistently the network's second highest-rated show, garnering higher ratings than competitor Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The series was the first primetime television show about a coven of witches, and following the January 22, 2006 broadcast of the season eight episode "Payback's a Witch", Charmed became the longest running hour-long series in American television history featuring all female leads. In 2012, Charmed was the second-most watched television series on Netflix, as well as on other video-on-demand services, including Amazon Instant Video and Hulu Plus.

In addition to its fan community, the series has inspired a field of academic scholarship and has influenced other series in the same genre. Officially licensed works set in the fictional "Charmed universe", including novels and comics, have been produced in response to popular demand.

Recognized as a 'cult classic', its fanbase has been credited with the series' lucrative global distribution and with it gaining a multinational cult following. Ruditis has often discussed the size and influence of 'Charmed fandom', including its significant online presence. Alyssa Milano has described fans of the series as 'the greatest fans on the planet and the most loyal' and credits them with both the show's durability and CBS's 2013 plans to develop a reboot series only seven years after the original series ended. Like Ruditis and Milano, Brad Kern has acknowledged that Charmed fans are as 'loyal as loyal can be' and are notably 'computer-savvy', suggesting that they are drawn to both its mythology and focus on family dynamics.

Charmed fandom has been the subject of academic analysis; Karin Beeler, in Seers, Witches and Psychics on Screen (2008), evaluates fans' reception of the series as a significant and revealing paradigm through which to assess the representation of both women and the supernatural in contemporary media. One online fan fiction series was analysed by scholar Ted Nannicelli (University of Queensland) in his study of film and television screenplays. Unique to Charmed fandom, replicas of the Book of Shadows are produced and distributed by fans.

Online presence

In the year of its final season, Charmed was consistently one of the top 20 searched series on TVGuide.com. Between its inception in 2001 and 2006, it had been the most searched show featured on TVShowsOnDVD.com, according to contributor Gord Lacey. Following the high sales of the first season DVDs, Kern initiated a fan campaign to put pressure on Paramount Home Entertainment to include behind-the-scenes features on the follow-up releases; eventually, the eighth season DVDs featured such bonus material, including a short film interviewing fans entitled "Forever Charmed". During the United Kingdom general election of 2015, the British broadcaster, E4, received official complaints as reruns of the series were temporarily suspended on May 7 to encourage voting in its key demographic of 16-34 year olds. A backlash of protests against the network appeared on social networking services, including Twitter, and the response was reported in the national press.

Conventions

Charmed conventions attended by both cast of the series and writers of the comics have been organized in Australia, Europe, and North America. Season 9 of the comic book series premiered at San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2010, while Season 10 debuted in October 2014 at New York Comic Con. Throughout 2013, Holly Marie Combs and Brian Krause attended a series of global conventions in Philadelphia, Nashville, Orlando, London, Melbourne, and at Wizard World Chicago. In March and April 2014, Combs and Krause reunited with Shannen Doherty at the annual Oz Comic Con in Perth and Adelaide, before appearing together at Ohio Comic Con in November. In March of the same year, Combs, Doherty, and Krause were joined by Dorian Gregory, Drew Fuller, and Wes Ramsey at the Charmed Convention hosted by Guests Events in Paris.

Famous fans

Charmed has a number of reported famous fans. The Academy Award-winning film director, Quentin Tarantino received a replica Book of Shadows as a gift from the cast and crew and, in the year of its final season, cast lead actress Rose McGowan (Paige Matthews) in his 2007 feature film Death Proof. Tarantino was considered to direct the final episode, but showrunner Brad Kern was eventually selected instead. Broadcast journalist Josh Levs composed an article for CNN in 2005 on his 'addict[ion]' to the series. Other fans include the Golden Globe-winning actress and rapper, Queen Latifah, and stock car racing driver, Brad Keselowski, among others.

See also

• Charmed merchandise
• Science fiction fandom

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Ratings

For its first three seasons, Charmed was the second-highest rated series on The WB. As the highest-rated fantasy series on the network, it consistently surpassed the ratings of other series in the same genre, including Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. Its debut episode, "Something Wicca This Way Comes", broke the network's record for the highest rated series premier with 7.7 million viewers. Due to this ratings success, an entire first season of twenty-two episodes was commissioned after only the first two had aired — a first in Aaron Spelling's four decades-long career. The record achieved by Charmed failed to be surpassed by the debuts of Angel and Roswell the following year, and the same number of viewers, 7.7 million, watched the third season premier in 2000. During its fifth season, the series became the highest-rated Sunday night program in The WB's history, a record it surpassed in its sixth season. Reruns achieved equally high ratings: a repeat airing in November 1998 alongside 7th Heaven resulted in the the second-highest rated Monday in the network's history, and mid-season reruns in 2001 made Charmed the network's highest rated series of the summer. The show's ratings, although smaller than those for the "big four" networks (ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox), were substantial for The WB. Several episodes achieved ratings high enough for The WB to be fourth-most watched network on the day of its broadcast, and throughout its run, the viewership for Charmed allowed The WB to surpass the weekly ratings of rival network, UPN. It was frequently the highest-rated program among women aged 18-34 on all networks for the evening of its broadcast. In 2001, the median age of Charmed's audience was 33, the oldest of any scripted series on The WB.

From the 2001–02 television season (beginning with the fourth season of Charmed), Nielsen ratings of the series combined viewers of its first broadcast on The WB with those watching the same episode's repeat days later on TNT when selling to advertisers. Marking the first time in primetime television history that advertising sales based on ratings had shared data from two networks airing the same episode on different evenings, this groundbreaking 'shared window' method was reproduced for other series debuting on The WB, including Smallville and Gilmore Girls. Attempting to benefit from this lucrative audience, advertisers directly marketed their products to Charmed viewers on The WB, leading to women-orientated campaigns by Gillette Venus in 2003, and Candie's in 1999, with the latter featuring cast member Alyssa Milano in its promotions. On TNT, Charmed was the network's second-highest rated imported series between 2001 and 2004, and its success inspired TNT's acquisition of Angel in 2003.

In the United Kingdom, Charmed was a ratings success for broadcaster Channel 5. In February 2002, the series achieved the network's third-highest ratings in its history, becoming the highest rated episode of a scripted series for Channel 5 (the two higher-viewed broadcasts were of live sporting events). In March of the same year, Charmed helped the network gain its highest figures for a Saturday since September 1999.

Although online television distributors do not regularly compile ratings figures, during 2012, Charmed was the second-most watched television series across all subscription video-on-demand services, including Amazon Video and Netflix. Its success on Netflix inspired a proposed CBS reboot of the series in 2013.

Season	Episodes	Timeslot (ET)	Premiered		Ended		TV season	Rank	Network Rank	Viewers (in millions)
			Date	Premiere Viewers (in millions)	Date	Finale Viewers (in millions)
1	22	Wednesday 9:00 pm	October 7, 1998	7.7	May 26, 1999	5.6	1998–99	#118	2	5.5
2	22	Thursday 9:00 pm	September 30, 1999	5.1	May 18, 2000	4.5	1999–2000	#120	2	4.7
3	22		October 5, 2000	7.7	May 17, 2001	5.3	2000–01	#117	2	4.9
4	22		October 4, 2001	6.0	May 16, 2002	5.2	2001–02	#129	6	4.2
5	23	Sunday 8:00 pm	September 22, 2002	6.3	May 11, 2003	4.9	2002–03	#128	4	4.5
6	23		September 28, 2003	6.3	May 16, 2004	4.7	2003–04	#154	5	4.3
7	22		September 12, 2004	5.5	May 22, 2005	3.4	2004–05	#132	7	3.4
8	22		September 25, 2005	4.2	May 21, 2006	4.5	2005–06	#132	7	3.5

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