User:Verne Equinox/sandbox

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List of Raymond Clapper Memorial Award Recipients

This is a list of recipients of the Raymond Clapper Memorial Award. xxx Raymond clapper was ... The last award was granted in 2011.

Year	Winner	Agency
1944	Ernie Pyle	Scripps Howard News Service
1944	Raymond P. Brandt	St. Louis Post Dispatch Awarded by president Eisenhauer.
1945	Bert Andrews	New York Herald Tribune
1946	Thomas Lunsford Stokes	United Feature Syndicate
1947	Nat Solon Finney	Minneapolis Star & Tribune
1947	Bert Andrews	New York Herald Tribune (honorable mention)
1947	Alfred Friendly	Washington Post (honorable mention)
1948	Peter Edson	Newspaper Enterprise Association
1949	Jack Steele	New York Herald Tribune
1950	Paul Logan Martin	Gannett Newspapers
1950	Ernie Pyle	Scripps Howard News Service
1951	John M. Hightower	Associated Press

Map

Best sellers

NYT Number 1 Best Sellers per Year (1970-2019)

Archibald McLellan (editor)

Archibald McLellan was the first editor of the Christian Science Monitor. References

1900–1949

Date	Person(s)	Age	Circumstances	Found alive / cause of death	Time spent missing or unconfirmed
1910	José María Grimaldos López	28	José María Grimaldos López, a shepherd from Tresjuncos, Spain, went missing on 20 August 1910. Two men were convicted of his killing after confessing under torture. Grimaldos Lopez resurfaced in 1926.	Yes	16 years
1911	Elsie Paroubek	5	Elsie Paroubek was a Czech American girl who disappeared in Chicago, Illinois, on 8 April 1911. On 9 May 1911, employees of the Lockport power plant near Joliet, thirty-five miles outside of Chicago, saw a body floating in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which was identified as hers.	No / Murdered	31 days
1913	Captain Robert Falcon Scott & his group		Captain Scott and his party of explorers were found 13 months after their disappearance on their South Pole expedition.	No / Hypothermia & starvation	13 months
1926	Agatha Christie	36	Agatha Christie, a famous British crime writer, famously disappeared in December 1926, after her husband asked for a divorce. She was located alive 10 days later in a Yorkshire health spa, and always refused to give an explanation.	Yes	10 days
1928	Walter Collins	9	Collins disappeared from his home in Los Angeles, California, in 1928. He was later determined to have been murdered by Gordon Stewart Northcott in what was known as the Wineville Chicken Coop Murders. His disappearance and the attempt by the Los Angeles police department to convince his mother that a different boy was her son formed the basis of the 2008 film Changeling.	No / Murdered	2 years
1934	Linda Agostini	28	Linda Agostini was a woman who emigrated from South East London to Australia, and disappeared from Melbourne on 27 August 1934. A body, not identified as hers until 1944, was found in a culvert beside a rural road in Albury, New South Wales, Australia, in September 1934.	No / Manslaughter	10 years
1938	Margaret Martin	19	Margaret Martin was a woman from Kingston, Pennsylvania, who went missing on 17 December 1938, and was found dead in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, several days later.	No / Murdered	Several days
1944	Shoichi Yokoi	29	Shoichi Yokoi was a Japanese sergeant in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during the Second World War, who disappeared in July 1944, and on the evening of 24 January 1972, Yokoi was discovered alive in the jungle.	Yes	28 years
1944	Hiroo Onoda	51 or 52	Hiroo Onoda was an Imperial Japanese Army intelligence officer who fought in World War II, disappeared in December 1944, and resurfaced in March 1974.	Yes	30 years
1945	Martin Bormann	45	Martin Bormann, head of the Nazi Party Chancellery, and Ludwig Stumpfegger, Adolf Hitler's personal surgeon, thought to be at large from 2 May 1945 until 1972 when their remains were discovered near the Reichstag, but not confirmed conclusively until 1998.	No / Suicide	58 years
	Ludwig Stumpfegger	34			58 years
1948	Placido Rizzotto	34	Rizzotto was a partisan, socialist peasant and trade union leader from Corleone, who was assassinated by Sicilian Mafia boss Luciano Leggio on 10 March 1948. Over 60 years after his death, remains were found on 7 July 2009, on a cliff in Rocca Busambra near Corleone, and on 9 March 2012, a DNA test, compared with one extracted from his father Carmelo Rizzotto, long dead and exhumed for this purpose, confirmed the identity of remains as being that of Placido Rizzotto following a long and difficult investigation conducted by the State Police at the service of the PS Commissariat of Corleone.	No / Murdered	61 years
1949	Josef Mengele	38	Josef Mengele was a German SS officer and physician in Auschwitz concentration camp, fled to Argentina in 1949 to escape prosecution and took several false identities. His whereabouts became known in 1985 after the West German prosecutor's office received a tip. He drowned while swimming in 1979 and was buried under a false name in Brazil.	No / Drowning	37 years

Evelyn Forget

'Evelyn L. Forget, B.A., M.A., PhD., is a Canadian academic, best known for her work on basic income. She is a professor of health economics and Director of the the Department of Community Health Data Centre at the University of Manitoba. Her research focus is on the health and social consequences of antipoverty interventions on the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions.<http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/health_sciences/medicine/units/chs/faculty_and_staff/fac_forget.html ] >

Evelyn Forget came to international ntice in xxx when she published a paper on on the Mincome project, a basic incme experiment which had taken place in northern Canadian community of Dauphin, Manitoba which had occurred in the 1970s. Using a xx approach which did this and that she found ...

In a commentary after the Ford government cancelled a new basic experiment in Lindsay and Hamilton, Ontario, she noted that several basic programs were occurring around the world. "The Ontario cancellation cannot now be reversed," she wrote, "but perhaps we can learn from this debacle and hold our governments accountable. Policy should not be the result of intuition and instinct, but informed by sound evidence." [1], CBC News, September 21, 2018

George Zimbel

George S. Zimbel (born 1926) is an American-born Canadian documentary photographer. He has worked professionally since the late 1940s, mainly as a freelancer. He was part of the Photo League and is its last surviving member. Born in Massachusetts, he settled in Canada about 1971. His works have bees shown with increasing frequency since 2005, and examples of his work are part of several permanent collections including the Museum of Modern Art and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. He has been described as a humanist. He has published several books of his photographs and in 2015 he was the subject of a documentary retrospective film co-directed by his son Matt Zimbel and produced by the National Film Board of Canada.

Life and career

Born George Sydney Zimbel in Woburn, Massachusetts, son a dry goods store owner, he attended Woburn High School and was the school's yearbook photographer. He later studied at the Photo League under John Ebstel.

He then enrolled in Columbia University in New York where Zimbel became the school's news photographer. He met art student Gary Winogrand at the university and introduced Winogrand to photography. The used the school's darkroom late at night to avoid crowding in during other times of the day, and they called themselves the "Midnight to Dawn Club". Both Zimbel and Winogrand also both studied under Alexey Brodovitch at the at the New School for Social Research on scholarships in 1951.

He next met Edward Steichen, the then curator of the Museum of Modern Art who showed Zimbel original prints by early masters of photography and this sealed his decision to take up photography as a career. On Steichen's advice, he had a stint as a photographer with the US Army and spent 2 years in Europe during the restoration period following world War II.

On his return to America he became a freelance photographer. One of his early opportunities was the famous Marilyn Monroe shoot on Lexington Avenue to promote The Seven Year Itch, at which Monroe wore her famous white dress. Zimbel never sold any of the images and packed them away until 1976, whereupon he printed them and began to show them in solo exhibitions.

In 1971, Zimbel and his family moved to the small community of Argyle Shore, Queens County, Prince Edward Island where they raised animals for the next 10 years at a farm they called "Bona Fide Farm". After their children moved away, he and his wife relocated to Montreal, where they still reside.

Recognition

Though he was widely published in publications such as the New York Times, Look, Redbook and Architectural Digest in the 1950s and 60s, he did not become widely recognized until the when a retrospective exhibition of his work was mounted at the Institut Valencià d'Art Modern in Spain in 2000. Since then he has had several major shows around the world.

Personal life

He was married to Elaine Sernovitz in 1955. A professional writer, she has collaborated with George Zimbel on travelogues and other works. George and Elaine Zimbel had four children including jazz musician Matt Zimbel, founder of Manteca. Matt Zimbel co-produced and directed a documentary film about his father called Zimbelism, released in 2016.

Publications

• Bourbon Street: New Orleans 1955 (2006)
• Le livre des lecteurs / A Book of Readers (2011)
• Momento: Photographs by George S. Zimbel (2015)

Rural-urban transect

T1 - Natural zones

T2 - Rural zones

T3 - Sub-urban zones

T4 - General urban zones

T5 - Urban center zones

T6 - Urban core zone

Rural-urban transect per Duany-Zyberk (public domain)

T1 - Natural zones

T2 - Rural zones

xxx

T3 - Sub-urban zones

T4 - General urban zones

T5 - Urban center zones

T6 - Urban core zone

Rural-urban transect per Duany-Zyberk (night time)

T1 - Natural zones

T2 - Rural zones

T3 - Sub-urban zones

T4 - General urban zones

T5 - Urban center zones

T6 - Urban core zone

Rural-urban transect per Duany-Zyberk (Christmas at night, vertical)

Houdini

He began his magic career in 1891 at the age of seventeen when he and his friend Jacob Hyman formed a mgic act called "The Brothers Houdini". They played around New York City with little success until Jacob left the act after about a year. Weiss eventually replaced Hyman with his brother Theodore "Dash" Weiss, and they worked together in dime museums and sideshows.

Harry and Theodore, soon began experimenting with escape acts and one of their best was the mysterious trunk illusion, Metamorphosis, and for the next couple of years, they travelled the vaudeville circuit around America. In 1893, while performing at Coney Island they met a fellow performer, Wilhelmina Beatrice "Bess" Rahner. Bess was initially courted by Dash, but she and Houdini were married in 1894. Bess soon replaced Dash in the act, which then became known as "The Houdinis." For the rest of Houdini's performing career, Bess worked as his stage assistant. It was about this time that he introduced handcuff challenges as a means of publicizing his upcoming shows. When he arrived in a town, he would challenge the local police to test him with their most secure cuffs. The successful result usually helped with attendance. After playing in circus shows and burlesque for two seasons, in the summer of 1996, they joined a travelling show called the Marco Magic Company on a circuit through Maritime Canada. It was there, in Saint John, New Brunswick, that he first escaped from a straight jacket, while visiting the sanitarium there. In Halifax, he was handed a pair of early nineteenth century leg irons that defeated him, and it is said that he kept his "Nova Scotia leg irons" as a memento for the rest of his life.

Harry even doubled as "The Wild Man" at a circus. Houdini focused initially on traditional card tricks. At one point, he billed himself as "Cardo: King of Cards."

René-Arthur Fréchet

René-Arthur Fréchet (1877- May 28, 1950) was a Canadian architect active in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, modern day Acadia.

Life

Born in Montreal, Fréchet obtained adegree in architecture from Laval University in 1898 and the same year he obtained a job with the Intercolonial Railway as an architect. Two years later, in 1900, he moved to Moncton for the railway, and resided at the the Minto Hotel. In 1905, he opened his own architecture firm, developing a specialty in religious and domestic architecture. However, he was not limited to these architectural fields. Notably, he designed the Capitol Theater in Moncton in the mid-1920s.

Fréchet became involved in the Acadian community. In 1903, he married Elvina Cormier, daughter of a local merchant, Simon Cormier. He was a member of the provisional management team for the frenc language Acadian newspaper L'Évangéline, a founding member of the newspaper, a municipal councilor in Moncton, and a member of Société nationale l'Assomption.

René-Arthur Fréchet died on May 28, 1950 in Moncton. Two days later, Émery Leblanc signed an article in L'Évangéline in memory of Frechet, highlighting his accomplishments.

Works

In Moncton:

• Mary's Home
• Provincial Bank of Canada
• Brunswick Hotel (now Crowne Plaza significantly altered)
• Capitol Theater
• Academy of the Sacred Heart
• St. Bernard's Roman Catholic Church
• Saint-Antoine l'Ermite Church, Saint-Antoine
• Hôtel-Dieu and nurses residence
• Good Shepherd Sisters Building (now the Léopold-Taillon Building, University of Moncton)

Elsewhere in New Brunswick

• St. Joseph's Church, Shediac
• Léger Pharmacy, Shediac
• Church of St. Francis Xavier, Charlo
• 21 Gray Street, Fredericton
• John Peck House, Hillsborough
• Creaghan Building , Miramichi
• Church of St. John the Baptist and St. Joseph, Tracadie
• Bourgeois House, Tracadie
• Government of Canada Building, North Head

In Nova Scotia

• Memorial Church, Grand-Pré National Historic Site
• St. Bernard Church

Legacy

In Moncton, a park in the Sunny Brae neighbourhood was named to recognize the legacy of René-Arthur-Fréchet in 2016.

NS Economy

Main article: Economy of Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia's has a service-based economy, with employment in such areas as government, education, and health contributing three out of four jobs in the province, with remaining jobs being in the goods sector. With a real GDP of $35.4 billion in 2011, the province accounted for just 2.1 percent of the Canadian economy. While Nova Scotia remains known as a producer of traditional primary products (fish, timber, minerals and farm produce), in the past quarter century, most of those industries have suffered serious declines. The fishery in particular suffered a sharp decline due to overfishing in the 1990s, while mineral resources (notably coal) also declined at during the same period. The forest industry suffered major declines in the past decade as the demand for paper declined. Mining, especially of gypsum and salt and to a lesser extent silica, peat and barite, has remained a significant sector while offshore oil and gas has been a boon to the economy, though production and revenues have fluctuated. Agriculture also remains important, particularly for dairy products and fruit crops.

Nova Scotia is a recognized exporter. in xxx it was the world’s largest exporter of lobster, gypsum, wild berries and black mink. A successful wine industry has existed for three decades, though it remains small, with most consumption occurring within the province.

Other notable sectors include defence and aerospace, with 40 percent of of Canada’s military assets residing in Nova Scotia; a film industry - in some years the province hosts over 100 productions, many for international audiences; tourism, which employs thousands of people (often seasonally); and a rapidly developing Information & Communication Technology (ICT) sector which consists of over 500 companies and employs roughly 15,000 people.

In 2006, the manufacturing sector brought in over $2.6 billion in chained GDP, the largest output of any industrial sector in Nova Scotia. Michelin remains by far the largest single employer in this sector, operating three production plants in the province.

The average income of a Nova Scotia family is $47,100, the gross ranking close to the national average; for Halifax, the average family income is $58,262.

Burt Dubrow

Burt (robert?) Dubrow is an American television and radio producer responsible for such well-known programs as Sally, The Jerry Springer Show and xxx. He was a pioneer of confrontational television.

He grew up in New Rochelle, New York. As a youth, he was often a member of the Peanut Gallery at tapings of The Howdy Doody Show which was produced in New Rochelle. He was fascinated with puppets as a child and would later organize a campus tour by Buffalo Bob Smith in 1970 and 1971. He also produced a retrospective of The Howdy Doody Show for NBC in 1975.

At Grahm Junior College, he had his own campus television show and became a friend of Andy Kaufman. they would remain friends as Kaufman's career developed through the 1970s and '80s.

In the mid 1970s he worked for Warner Communications in Columbus, Ohio where he produced live television shows for Warner's QUBE interactive television experiment. Among the shows he was responsible for was Columbus Goes Bananaz, hosted by Michael Young, on which Andy Kaufman and his partner Bob Zmuda pulled off their infamous psychogenesis prank.

His company is Burt Dubrow Productions.

Shows produced (this list is incomplete)

• Alf's Hit Talk Show (2004)
• I've got a secret (2006)
• The Cindy Margolis Show (2000)
• It’s Christopher Lowell 8 seasons
• The New Tom Green Show (2003)
• Kids Are People Too

Executive producer:

• Dr. Joy Browne (radio)
• Crook & Chase.

Waste Management in Canada

Waste management in Canada is a local and provincial responsibility, there being no explicitly national waste management mandate. The federal government does, however, have influence on provincial and local waste management policies through regulations pursuant to national environmental laws. For example, the federal government has direct influence over the disposal of nuclear waste, the transport of hazardous waste (domestic and cross-border), and the release of toxic substances to the air, land, and water. As the senior level of government, it also regulates its own waste management activities on federal lands.

Canada is one of the world's leading producers of municipal waste. In 2007 it ranked last place out of 17 industrialized countries in terms of waste generation. In 2008, total production of waste amounted to 25,871,310 tonnes,.

-Waste as a resource: waste diversion- In Canada, waste is increasingly viewed as a "resource" by many collection agencies, and much effort is expended, mainly at the municipal level, to exploit waste products by such means as source separation, composting, and recovery through recycling and reuse. This effort tends to be reflected in the rate of diversion, which varies considerably by province, as indicated by the following table which illustrates the national and provincial populations, proportion of residential and non-residential waste, per capita production of waste, the amount of waste diverted, and the rate of diversion. Generally speaking, diversion rates have improved over the past decade.

Waste Production and Diversion by Province (2008)

Flag	Province	Population (May 2011)	Residential proportion of waste (%)	Non-residential proportion of waste (%)	Disposed (kg per capita )	Diverted (kg per capita)	Diversion rate (%)
	Canada	33,476,688	33	67	767	251	33
	Ontario	12,851,821	34	66	737	215	29
	Quebec	7,903,001	33	67	787	315	40
	Nova Scotia	921,727	42	58	377	308	82
	New Brunswick	751,171	49	51	639	357	56
	Manitoba	1,208,268	41	59	792	140	18
	British Columbia	4,400,057	34	66	630	337	53
	Prince Edward Island	140,204	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
	Saskatchewan	1,033,381	32	68	877	145	17
	Alberta	3,645,257	24	76	1097	198	18
	Newfoundland and Labrador	514,536	53	47	807	251	31
	Territories	107.445	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

National Parks in Canada

all that and it was already done - time for a nap

Manhattan parks by size and shape

Park name	Area (acres / hectares)	Property Type	Bounding corridors	Notes	Image
Bowling Green	1.02 acres (0.41 ha)	Triangle / Plaza	st	-	jpg
City Hall Park	8.80 acres (3.56 ha)	Neighborhood Park	Broadway, Park Row and Chambers St	-	jpg
Fort Washington Park	184.14 acres (74.52 ha)	Community Park	Riverside Dr., Hudson River, W. 155 St. to Dyckman St.	-	jpg
Imagination Playground	0.39 acres (0.16 ha)	Playground	Front St., John St., and South St.	-	jpg
J. Hood Wright Park	6.70 acres (2.71 ha)	Neighborhood Park	W. 173 St. bet. Haven Ave. and Ft. Washington Ave.	-	jpg
Marcus Garvey Park	20.16 acres (8.16 ha)	Community park	Madison Ave, E. 120 St. to E. 124 St.	-	jpg
Randall's Island Park	256.11 acres (103.64 ha)	Flagship park	East River and Harlem River	-	jpg
Sara D. Roosevelt Park	7.85 acres (3.18 ha)	Neighborhood park	E. Houston St. To Canal St. bet. Chrystie St. and Forsyth St.	-	jpg
Stuyvesant Square	3.96 acres (1.60 ha)	Neighborhood park / square	Rutherford Pl. To N D Perlman Pl., E 15 St. To E 17 St.	notes	jpg
Thomas Jefferson Park	15.52 acres (6.28 ha)	Community park	1 Ave., FDR Dr., bet. E. 111 St. and E. 114 St.	East Harlem	jpg
Washington Square Park	9.75 acres (3.95 ha)	Neighborhood park / square	5 Ave, Waverly Pl., W. 4 St. and Macdougal St.	notes	jpg
Bryant Park	9.6 acres (3.9 ha)	Neighborhood park	bet. 5 and 6 Av, W 40 St and W 42 St	Near Times Square	jpg
De Witt Clinton Park	5.83 acres (2.36 ha)	Playground	W. 52 St. To W. 54 St., 11 Ave. To 12 Ave.	West Side	jpg
Harlem River Park	46.65 acres (18.88 ha)	Parkway	Harlem River Dr. from E. 131 St. to W. 145 St. and W. 155 St. to Dyckman St.	Part of a planned greenway	jpg
Inwood Hill Park	196.4 acres (79.5 ha)	Community park	Dyckman St, Hudson River, Harlem River S	notes	jpg
Jackie Robinson Park	12.77 acres (5.17 ha)	Neighborhood park	Bradhurst Av and Edgecombe Av, W 145 St To	Harlem	jpg
Morningside Park	29.89 acres (12.10 ha)	Community park	W 110 St To W 123 St, Manhattan Av To Morningside Av	Harlem / Morningside Heights	jpg
Riverside Park	222.41 acres (90.01 ha)	Community park	Riverside Dr. to Hudson River, W. 72 St.to St Clair Pl.	Scenic landmark	jpg
Seward Park	3.36 acres (1.36 ha)	Neighborhood park	Canal St, Essex St, Jefferson St and E Broadway	First permanent, municipally built playground in the US	jpg
The Battery	21.88 acres (8.85 ha)	Neighborhood park	Battery Pl, State St and Whitehall St	Southern tip of Manhattan	jpg
Tompkins Square Park	10.50 acres (4.25 ha)	Neighborhood park	Ave. A To Ave. B, E. 7 St. To E. 10 St.	East Village	jpg
West Harlem Piers	4.71 acres (1.91 ha)	Waterfront facility	Henry Hudson Pkwy. bet. St Clair Pl. and W. 135 St.	notes	jpg
Central Park	840.41 acres (340.10 ha)	Flagship park	5 Av To Central Park W, 59 St To 110 St	Midtown to Harlem	jpg
Fort Tryon Park	67.21 acres (27.20 ha)	Community park	Riverside Dr To Broadway, W 192 St To Dyckman St	notes	jpg
Holcombe Rucker Park	3.12 acres (1.26 ha)	Playground (jointly operated)	W. 155 St., 8 Ave. To Harlem River Drive	Harlem	jpg
Isham Park	20.13 acres (8.15 ha)	Community park	Broadway, Park Terrace, Seaman Ave. and Indian Rd. bet. Isham St., W 214 St., and W 218 St.	northern Manhattan	jpg
Madison Square Park	6.23 acres (2.52 ha)	Neighborhood park / square	Broadway, Madison Ave. bet. E. 23 St. and E. 26 St.		jpg
Riverside Park South	66.69 acres (26.99 ha)	Community park	Riverside Drive bet. 65 St. and 72 St.	Parkway on Hudson River	jpg
St. Nicholas Park	22.74 acres (9.20 ha)	Neighborhood park	St. Nicholas Ave., St. Nicholas Ter. bet. W. 128 St. and W	Between Hamilton Heights, Manhattanville and Harlem	jpg
The High Line	6.73 acres (2.72 ha)	Community park	Gansevoort St. To W. 30 St. bet. Washington St. and 11 Ave.	Linear elevated park	jpg
Union Square Park	6.51 acres (2.63 ha)	Community park	Broadway To 4 Ave., E 14 St. To E 17 St.	notes	jpg
Abingdon Square	0.22 acres (0.089 ha)	Triangle / plaza	Hudson St, 8 Av, W 12 St	Greenwich Village	jpg
Albert Capsouto Park	0.37 acres (0.15 ha)	Triangle / plaza	Laight St., Canal St., and Varick St.	Lower Manhattan	jpg
Bennett Park	1.8 acres (0.73 ha)	Neighborhood park	Ft Washington Av, W 183 St, Pinehurst Av	Washington Heights	jpg
Carl Schurz Park	14.94 acres (6.05 ha)	Neighborhood park	East End Av To East River, E 84 St To E 90 St	Dog friendly	jpg
Collect Pond Park	0.99 acres (0.40 ha)	Triangle / plaza	Leonard St. bet. Centre St. and Lafayette St.	notes	jpg
Columbus Park	3.23 acres (1.31 ha)	Playground	Baxter St, Mulberry St, Bayard St and Park	Five Points area|| jpg
Damrosch Park	2.44 acres (0.99 ha)	Community park	Amsterdam Ave. and W. 62 St.	Lincoln Center	jpg
Dante Park	0.14 acres (0.057 ha)	Triangle / plaza	Broadway, Columbus Av, W 63 St	Named for the Italian poet	jpg
DeSalvio Playground	0.27 acres (0.11 ha)	Playground	Spring St. and Mulberry St.	notes	jpg
Duane Park	0.12 acres (0.049 ha)	Triangle / plaza	Hudson St., Duane St	SoHo	jpg
Bowling Green	1.02 acres (0.41 ha)	Neighborhood park	st	notes	jpg
Bowling Green	1.02 acres (0.41 ha)	Neighborhood park	st	notes	jpg
Bowling Green	1.02 acres (0.41 ha)	Neighborhood park	st	notes	jpg
Bowling Green	1.02 acres (0.41 ha)	Neighborhood park	st	notes	jpg

Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR

The Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR (since 1980 - Military Red Banner Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR) (1974-1994) - was a military educational institution within the Armed Forces of the USSR designed to train officers with a advanced legal education for military prosecutors and military tribunals, officers with advanced military philological education, and propagandists for the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, as well as retraining and advanced training for officers employed by the military justice and military personnel Evodchikov, conducting research in the field of military legal and philological sciences.

On August 1, 1974, the organization was formed, modelled on the Military Institute of Foreign Languages; on August 12 of the same year, the Military Law Department was transferred from the Military-Political Academy, named after V.I. Lenin, to the Military Institute. Colonel General Ivan Sergeyevich Katyshkin was appointed as the head.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 31, 1980, the Military Institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for services to the training of highly qualified officers.

On February 11, 1980, on order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, the Military Institute was renamed the Military Red Banner Institute.

Following a large-scale reduction of the Armed Forces after the collapse of the USSR, in 1994 the Institute ceased to exist, its faculties were transferred to the newly created Military Academy of Economics, Finance and Law.

Basis in language training

In 1940, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution on the organization at the 2nd Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages ​​(2nd Moscow State Pedagogical Institute) of the Military Department with the status of a military higher educational institution. It was entrusted with the task of training military teachers of English, German and French for schools and academies of the Red Army. In early 1941, the faculty received a new official name: Military Faculty of Western Languages ​​at the 1st and 2nd Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. On April 12, 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, the Military Faculty of Western Languages ​​at the 2nd Moscow State Pedagogical Institute was transformed into the Military Institute of Foreign Languages ​​of the Red Army (MIFLRA). According to the same order, the Institute included the Military Faculty of Oriental Languages ​​at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies and military foreign language courses in the city of Orsk. In 1974, the Military Institute of Foreign Languages ​​was transformed into the Military Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

The training of military specialists in philology (languages) was carried out at the faculties of Western and Eastern languages, special propaganda, correspondence courses and retraining courses for reserve translation officers.

At the faculties, educational and pedagogical work with students and cadets was conducted by the departments of English, French, Germanic, Romance, Middle Eastern, Far Eastern and Chinese. In addition, there were departments of Marxism-Leninism, the history of the Communist Party (CPSU), party and political work, military geography, military training, linguistics and literature, physical training and sports.

In accordance with the needs of Soviet troops, the organizational structure of units carrying out the training of military philological personnel was improved. In January 1974, a cadet faculty of foreign languages ​​was formed, staffed by women from among civilian youths, and in 1984, a special faculty for the training of military personnel of other countries within the Soviet sphere.

Adjustments were constantly made to the content and methodology of retraining personnel at various courses. In 1976, in addition to existing courses, one-year courses were created for translators with knowledge of Portuguese and, in 1978, one-year courses in Persian. In 1981 alone, more than 400 translators and special political propaganda workers from among reserve officers underwent retraining in the courses.

Care was taken to increase educational effectiveness. At the departments of Middle Eastern, Middle Eastern and Romance languages, a methodology for the accelerated preparation of translators was developed and put into practice, methodological materials were created to guide the independent work of students and cadets.

Teachers, students and cadets - philologists were involved in complex and intense work in the USSR and abroad. In the 1980s, many of them performed military duty in Afghanistan. From 1980 to 1987, 167 cadets, students and teachers were awarded high government awards for fulfilling their duty in Afghanistan. For courage in the performance of combat missions, more than 500 military personnel of the translation faculties were awarded domestic and foreign orders and medals. Many of those fell on the battlefield.

The last graduation of the faculty of foreign languages ​​occurred in 1993.

Legal education

In 1974, the military law faculty was released from the staff of the V.I. Lenin Military-Political Academy and entered into the newly created Military Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

After the transfer of the faculty to the Institute, the contingent of students was mainly cadets. The military law faculty of the Military Institute included warrant officers, sergeants and foremen of military service and long service, graduates of the Suvorov military schools, and civilian youth. Taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of the cadet staff and the lack of sufficient military and life experience for many students, the curricula and programs, the content and methodology of all military legal disciplines were revised. The military law faculty included the following departments: theories and history of state and law, criminal law and process, military administration and administrative law, and criminology.

Teachers began to pay attention to the organization of self-training of cadets, educational work in cadet units. Practitioners of the military justice bodies — military prosecutors and military tribunals — were involved in the training sessions. The methodology for conducting tribunal and investigative practice was improved, during which cadets were taught the skills to conduct investigative actions independently.

For the first time in the history of the Russian military law school, the military law faculty was entrusted with the task of training officers with a higher military legal education from among the ensigns and midshipmen, military servicemen of long-term and long-term service, as well as civilian youth. The term of study was four years. In 1978, the first graduation of military lawyers from among cadets took place. Before World War II, Red Army soldiers were recruited for the military law faculty, but this was short-lived. At the Military Institute, the contingent of students was very different from the students of past years. Most cadets lacked not only military, but also life experience, and they knew about the work of the investigator and prosecutor only from the movies. All this affected the training itself and, importantly, the level of training of graduates. However, teachers, educators sought to overcome these difficulties and prepare good military lawyers.

Military lawyers worked successfully both during the course of study, and during the passage of investigative and tribunal practice. In the investigative practice alone, in 1975 students independently investigated 428 criminal cases and 176 as part of investigative groups, they conducted 276 prosecutorial inspections, and 254 submissions were made to eliminate violations of the law.

In 1979, a dissertation council was established to defend doctoral and master's theses in the specialty “Military Law. Military issues of international law. ”

Graduates of the Military Institute in practice have shown themselves to be fairly well-trained military lawyers, ethically impeccable, with a heightened sense of justice and possessing civic courage. The main and main subjects for military lawyers were criminal law and criminal procedure. The dominant was not a conceptual approach based on analysis, mass patterns and forecast, but situational and casual. Insufficient taking out was given to teaching criminology.

Since 1977, courses have been launched at the Military Institute for training senior executives of military lawyers. In December, 40 officers of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan took up classes in a 6-month military law course, and in 1981, a special department was created, in which representatives of the armies of the Mongolian People's Republic and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan studied.

Growth

Since 1978, the military law faculty was transferred to a five-year term of study, which required much time-consuming work by the scientists at the Department of Criminal Law and the process of developing new thematic plans, curricula, textbooks and teaching aids.

In August 1988, Lieutenant General Alexei Nikolayevich Tyurin was appointed head of the Military Institute, and Lieutenant General Gennady Mikhailovich Pershakov was appointed head of the political department.

As of 1989, the institute trained military legal personnel for military tribunals and the legal service of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR from student officers with higher education. Their term of study was 3 years. Thus, a new step was taken towards the revival of the military law school and an increase in the quality of training of specialists.

In addition, starting in the 1989/90 academic year, the military-law faculty organized training for students in the specialty of “judicial and legal advice”.

Considerable successes in the field of jurisprudence were achieved by cadets and students of the military law faculty. The team of the military law faculty won first place at the All-Union Olympiad in Law. For active participation in military scientific work, 5 officers and cadets were singled out by the USSR Minister of Defense.

Thus, the Red Banner Military Institute was a large higher military educational institution that enjoyed well-deserved authority both in the Armed Forces and among other higher educational institutions of the USSR. The achievements of the faculty of the Department of Criminal Law and Process in the development of complex scientific problems in the field of criminal law disciplines of science were known outside the USSR. However, both in the USSR and in the Armed Forces there were fundamental changes that affected the institute. The Military Institute of the Red Banner carried out its last graduation in 1992. In 1993, it ceased to exist, and its personnel were transferred to another military educational institution: - the Military Academy of Economics, Finance and Law, later the Military University.

In the 1970s and 80s, scholars of legal departments developed a number of scientific problems of criminal law, criminal process, criminology, and international law. During this period, prominent legal scholars, doctors of legal sciences, professors included N. I. Kuznetsov, V. G. Strekozov, A. A. Ter-Akopov, Kh. M. Akhmetshin, F. S. Brazhnik, V. Prokopovich, V.P. Shuplenkov and others.

Heads of the Military Institute

   1974-1978 - Colonel General Ivan Sergeevich Katyshkin
   1978-1988 - Colonel General Magomed Tankaevich Tankaev
   1988-1992 - Lieutenant General Alexei Nikolaevich Tyurin
   1992-1993 - Lieutenant General Yu. V. Mishin

Awards

   Order of the Red Banner (1980).

Structure of the Military Institute

Faculties

   Faculty of Western Languages
   Faculty of Oriental Languages
   Faculty of Special Propaganda
   Faculty of Law
   Faculty of distance learning
   Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​(Women) (since 1984)
   Special Faculty (since 1984)
   Special Department (since 1981)

Courses

   Retraining courses for reserve translation officers
   Courses for the preparation of senior management of military lawyers (since 1977)
   Translator courses with knowledge of Portuguese (since 1976) and Persian (since 1978) languages.

Chairs

   Department of Marxism-Leninism
   Department of History of the CPSU
   Department of Party Political Work
   Department of English (first)
   Department of English (second)
   Department of French
   Department of Germanic Languages
   Department of Romance Languages
   Department of Middle Eastern Languages
   Department of Far Eastern Languages
   Department of Chinese
   Department of Theory and History of State and Law
   Department of Criminal Law and Procedure
   Department of Military Administration and Administrative Law
   Department of Forensics
   Department of Military Regional Studies
   Department of Military Training
   Department of Linguistics and Literature
   Department of Physical Training and Sports

See also

   Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

References

This article was un-sourced at the Russian-language Wikipedia.