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Ecoregion

Definition of ecoregion

an area of land that is divided by the shape or condition of living things An ecoregion is an ecological and geographical unit of land that is smaller than an ecological region or an ecological region.

Ecological areas, ecological areas, and ecological areas all fall into smaller ranges than ecosystems.

This ecoregion framework is derived from Omernik (1987) and from mapping done in collaboration with EPA regional offices, other Federal agencies, state resource management agencies, and neighboring North American countries.

Classification of ecoregion

Ecoregions are identified by analyzing the patterns and composition of biotic and abiotic phenomena that affect or reflect differences in ecosystem quality and integrity (Omernik 1987, 1995).

1) Marine

Marine ecoregions are: "Areas of relatively homogeneous species composition, clearly distinct from adjacent systems….In ecological terms, these are strongly cohesive units, sufficiently large to encompass ecological or life history processes for most sedentary species." They have been defined by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to aid in conservation activities for marine ecosystems. Forty-three priority marine ecoregions were delineated as part of WWF's Global 200 efforts. The scheme used to designate and classify marine ecoregions is analogous to that used for terrestrial ecoregions. Major habitat types are identified: polar, temperate shelves and seas, temperate upwelling, tropical upwelling, tropical coral, pelagic (trades and westerlies), abyssal, and hadal (ocean trench). These correspond to the terrestrial biomes.

2) Freshwater

A freshwater ecoregion is a large area encompassing one or more freshwater systems that contains a distinct assemblage of natural freshwater communities and species. The freshwater species, dynamics, and environmental conditions within a given ecoregion are more similar to each other than to those of surrounding ecoregions and together form a conservation unit. Freshwater systems include rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands. Freshwater ecoregions are distinct from terrestrial ecoregions, which identify biotic communities of the land, and marine ecoregions, which are biotic communities of the oceans. A map of Freshwater Ecoregions of the World, released in 2008, has 426 ecoregions covering virtually the entire non-marine surface of the earth.

Characteristics of eceregion

An ecoregion is a "recurring pattern of ecosystems associated with characteristic combinations of soil and landform that characterise that region". Omernik (2004) elaborates on this by defining ecoregions as: "areas within which there is spatial coincidence in characteristics of geographical phenomena associated with differences in the quality, health, and integrity of ecosystems". "Characteristics of geographical phenomena" may include geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, hydrology, terrestrial and aquatic fauna, and soils, and may or may not include the impacts of human activity (e.g. land use patterns, vegetation changes).

There is significant, but not absolute, spatial correlation among these characteristics, making the delineation of ecoregions an imperfect science. Another complication is that environmental conditions across an ecoregion boundary may change very gradually, e.g. the prairie-forest transition in the midwestern United States, making it difficult to identify an exact dividing boundary. Such transition zones are called ecotones.

Ecoregion of the world

The most ecologically diverse areas of the ecosystem are the western part of the Amazon Basin, the Atlantic Coast Forest of Brazil, and the Choco-Darien Ecological Area of the Northwest South American continent. There are forest areas in the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo. The mountain ecosystem in the northern Andes is famous for its high beta-biodiversity and special local endemic species

1) Forests in Guyana and Cuba

are famous for their unique and unusual biological geographical relationships. In the case of forests in coastal areas of Congo, there is the highest biodiversity in Africa, and it should also be taken into account that there is very little information on biodiversity in this area. In the case of the Guinean Habitual Forest, there are many types of creatures that do not live in other areas.

2) In the case of mountain forests in the Albertine Rift region of Africa,

there are many endemic species, such as the algae. Forests in the coastal and mountainous areas of eastern Africa are very unique due to their long history and geographical isolation. Madagascar's forests and shrubs also have the most unique ecosystem in the world, and their diversity is also very high. The tropical moist forests of New Guinea and New Caledonia also show a very unique specificity at the global level, and the wet forests of Australia also show a similar form to the wet forests of New Guinea.

3) In Sulawesi, Indonesia, wet forests in the Philippines, and semi-evergreen forests in the Sosun Da Islands,

the distribution of locally high endemic species and various biological classifications live together. Wet forests in the western Ghats region of India and southwestern Sri Lanka are also attracting attention due to their specificity and long history due to regional isolation. Tropical humid forests located on islands in the Oceania region form a very unique ecosystem with high endemic rates, special levels of biological classification, and unusual evolutionary forms.

Ecoregions in south korea

Outline

Animals surveyed and described as living in Korea are very diverse, but the ecosystem is disturbed by activities such as national land development and biodiversity is becoming more and more simplified. In order to properly protect the natural ecosystem, which is being damaged day by day due to various development projects, the government has designated and managed excellent areas that need protection as ecological and landscape conservation areas.

Ecological and landscape conservation areas are designated by the Minister of Environment under the Natural Environment Conservation Act (before the revision of the Natural Environment Conservation Act on December 30, 2004), and cities and provincial governors designate areas that need to be preserved in accordance with the ecological and landscape conservation areas. According to data from December 2021, the state-designated ecological and landscape conservation areas are 9 places (248.029)), including Jirisan Mountain, and the city, provincial ecological and landscape conservation areas are 285.936 in 33 areas, including 24 places (37.907)), including Han River Bam Island.

Jirisan mountain

Jirisan Mountain, designated as the first national park in 1967, is a mountainous national park with the largest area of 483.022의 across three provinces and five cities and counties: Hadong, Hamyang, Sancheong, Gurye, Jeollanam-do, and Namwon, Jeollabuk-do. In Jirisan Mountain, which has a circumference of 320km, countless peaks spread out like folding screens around Cheonwangbong (1,915m), Banyabong (1,732m), and Nogodan (1,507m), and valleys are located between 20 ridges. Jirisan Mountain, where east and west with heterogeneous cultures, Yeongnam and Honam meet each other, has an attraction that cannot be expressed simply by being large, deep, and wide.

More than 1,600 species of plants inhabit Jirisan Mountain, more than 74 Asiatic black bears inhabit, and there are numerous peaks with Cheonwangbong Peak as the main peak. As it has long been famous as a big mountain, there are many old temples with a long history. It is also a battlefield where Lee Seong-gye conquered Japanese pirates during the invasion of Japanese pirates in the late Goryeo Dynasty. After liberation, there were activities of Partisan Mountain and historical pain before and after the Korean War. From ancient times to modern times, many cultural assets remain in Jirisan Mountain. At the top of Cheonwangbong Peak, there is a monument with the phrase "Korean's spirit comes from here."

Seomjingang river otter habitat

It is a river that flows through southeastern Jeollabuk-do, eastern Jeollanam-do, and western Gyeongsangnam-do. It flows through the Honam region in the middle and upper streams, but it is recognized as the boundary between Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do in the lower reaches, so it is the boundary between Yeongho-nam.

Since there is no estuary bank, brackish water fish species and migratory fish species are abundantly distributed. Cherry caves that grow in the Seomjingang River basin, where fresh water and seawater are mixed, are also famous. It has a delicate taste, a large skin, and a beautiful size. It lives only in Seomjingang River, where there is no estuary bank It is said that it is expensive because it is not farmed, so it is necessary to dive into the sand in a short period of time in spring. Shellfish soup, which is boiled with corbicula caught in the Seomjingang River, is famous, but now many restaurants use imported corbicula due to poor water quality.

Nakdonggang River

The Nakdonggang River is a river that starts in Taebaek-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, and flows to the South Sea with the Taebaeksanmaek Mountain Range as the source. It is the longest river in the South and the second longest in the Korean Peninsula after the Yalu and Tumen rivers. It originates from the Neodeulsaem Spring of Cheonuibong Peak in Maebongsan Mountain in Hwajeon-dong, Taebaek-si, Gangwon-do, is dissolved from Hwangji Pond, and flows through Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, passing through Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea to Busan, Korea. It is 510km long and has a basin area of 23,384이다. In the past, it became a traffic artery in the inland region, and docks such as Hadan, Gupo, Samrangjin, Susan, Namji, Hyeonpung, Waegwan, Nakdong, Pungsan, and Andong were developed on the river bank, and the distance of Gahang was 343km.

The wetlands of the Nakdonggang River prevent flooding and provide water for wild animals and plants to live in drought. As the entrance is blocked by sand and soil brought along with water, the water becomes stagnant, and thick ground is formed with mud, and plants that will serve as breeding grounds for fish and aquatic insects grow. The aquatic plant colonies formed by wetlands absorb pollutants, purify water, and provide abundant food for migratory birds, serving as a link to the ecological pyramid. Upo Wetland, which is formed in this way, is a representative migratory bird habitat that provides a good breeding ground and a resting place for migratory birds moving along the waterway. In the upper part of the Nakdonggang River, forests are developed along the river and water puddles are often repeated due to the rapid flow of water, and more oxygen can be dissolved at low water temperatures, providing a suitable environment for fish such as hotwood, mountain trout, willow, Jonggae, and bank brokers.

Suncheon Bay Wetland

The Suncheonman Bay tidal flat is a vast area of about 8 million pyeong, and various creatures live in a natural tidal flat that has not been damaged at all, and is a rare migratory bird habitat protected internationally. In addition, the 300,000 pyeong reed forest spread on the tidal flat is the habitat of aquatic organisms, the core of maintaining the wetland ecosystem, and is a place with excellent natural scenery. Suncheonman Bay's outstanding scenery has been an artistic inspiration to many artists since ancient times and has excellent aesthetic functions, including being the subject of numerous photographic works. While tidal flats on the southern coast are usually characterized by abundant sandy properties, the tidal flats of Suncheon Bay have a lot of clay. This is because Dongcheon Stream and Isacheon Stream flowed into the southern coast, depositing many fine-quality clay. Not long ago, the river was directly strengthened and the flow rate was accelerated, and sediments are flowing into the outer sea at a high speed. Therefore, the tidal flats of Suncheon Bay are getting wider.

More than 60% of the total catch is produced in mudflats, and one-third of endangered species are known to live in mudflats. In addition, the tidal flat area is a food intake place for most coastal creatures and birds and is a breeding place. About 66% of marine life is directly related to tidal flats, and 90% of fishing activities are directly or indirectly related to tidal flats. Various species of creatures such as 230 species of fish, 193 species of crabs, 74 species of shrimp, and 58 species of shellfish live in the tidal flat, and the fact that various creatures live means that nutritional salts are abundant and productive. In fact, the productivity of tidal flats is nine times higher than that of land. Studies have shown that the fish productivity of the tidal flat is 10 tons per acre, and that the productivity of the salt plant grassland in the tidal flat is several times higher than that of forests, rice, wheat, and potato cultivated land. According to Nature, a British scientific journal, the ecological value of the tidal flat is US$9,990 per 1(0 (0.01)), which is more than 100 times the value of agricultural land, US$92. The Ministry of Environment in Korea evaluates the value of tidal flats in Korea at US$24.315, which is higher than Nature. This is because the tidal flat in Korea is more valuable than foreign countries as a habitat for life such as the production of marine products and fish.

Unmunsan mountain

In short, this mountain, which connects Gajisan Mountain (1240m), the main peak of the Yeongnam Alps, through Araetjae Pass to the western ridge, is a reliable and heavy mountain. A good place to look at this mountain from afar is the side of the road on the prevention side of Banghaejae Pass from Donggok to Banghi. The appearance of Unmunsan Mountain, which is connected by the Eoksan Ridge, is very fluffy and cool to see. Another good place to look at this mountain is Mokgol, where you cross the stream as soon as you pass Unmunsa Temple, and Unmunsan Mountain is briefly majestic, and as the name suggests, it often surrounds the hillside. The view from here is a mysterious image of Yeongsan.

The Unmunsan Mountain area is home to about 1,860 species of animals and plants, including 605 species of land plants, 24 species of mammals and 83 species of birds, including yellow-patterned brushes, wildflowers, otters, wildcats, and sky squirrels. In order to preserve this, the Ministry of Environment designated and managed 26.395에, a key conservation area in Unmunsan Mountain, as an ecological and landscape conservation area on September 9, 2010.

Ecoregions in world

An ecological area is a type of New Zealand protected area. They are usually large (about 1000 to 1500 hectares in size) and usually feature the main ecosystems of a defined ecological district.^[1] There are currently 57 recognised ecological areas in New Zealand.^[2]

Like sanctuary areas, most ecological areas were set aside by the now defunct New Zealand Forest Service in the 1970s and 1970s in response to activism by the conservationist movement.^[1] Historically, ecological areas have mostly confined to the West Coast and Southland Region of the South Island, and the Bay of Plenty Region of the North Island.^[1]

Ecological areas are usually accessible to the general public, not dogs are prohibited.^[1]

North Island

Auckland Region

Omaha Ecological Area^[2]

Waikato Region

Manawatū-Whanganui Region

Wellington Region

South Island

Tasman District

Mokihinui Forks Ecological Area^[2]

West Coast Region

Otago Region

Aramoana Ecological Area^[2]

Southland Region

Lindsay Ecological Area^[2]

Conservation of Ecological Areas

Reason needed

It refers to a protected area designated by UNESCO since 1976 to preserve biodiversity and promote community development. As of 2013, 117 countries and 621 regions around the world, including the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Serengeti National Park in Africa, have been designated as biosphere reserves.

In Korea, starting with the designation of Seoraksan Mountain in 1982, Jeju Island in 2002, Dadohae in 2009, and Gwangneung Forest in 2010, and Gochang-gun in Jeollabuk-do was designated last year, with a total of five designated biosphere reserves. In addition, the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), Jirisan National Park, and Samcheok Geumgang Pine Forest are promoting the registration of biosphere reserves.

There are a total of three functions of the biosphere reserve: conservation function, power generation function, and support function. The conservation function refers to the function of preserving genetic resources, endangered species, ecosystems, and landscapes, and the development function refers to the function of promoting ecologically sustainable development.

In addition, the support function refers to the role of enhancing the efficiency of managing natural resources and conservation areas that have become an issue nationally and globally, and making conservation and development easier through research monitoring.

Ecological experts say that participatory management methods and various support methods are needed to effectively perform these three functions. It is necessary to systematically manage the area by dividing it into core areas, buffer areas, and transfer areas, and UNESCO's active support such as exchanges between global networks should be followed to pursue the goal of conservation and development at the same time.

1. Nature provides us with what we need.

Food, clean water and air, the source of all life, are also indispensable to human survival. In addition, nature controls the climate. The role of absorbing and storing carbon in stabilizing the climate of the region where we live is to prevent extreme abnormal weather.

2. Nature protects us.

Biodiversity inhibits the occurrence of diseases such as COVID-19 by forming a "biological barrier." You've heard that forests absorb carbon dioxide and play an important role in responding to the climate crisis. The oceans absorb more carbon dioxide than forests, and the amount of oxygen generated by algae accounts for as much as 70 percent of the Earth's total generation.

3. Nature allows inorganic elements to circulate.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are two major biological inorganic elements that all life on Earth needs. However, nitrogen in the air and phosphorus in the soil are over-made by human activity and put into the soil and the sea. As a result, the circulation of nitrogen and phosphorus throughout the Earth is not normal and accumulated excessively, causing the soil to deteriorate and creating an underwater dead zone in the sea.

4. Nature enriches our minds.

We are part of nature, we are not separate beings. I'm sure you've experienced at least once that just staying in nature relieves your tired stress in your daily life. When you take a forest bath, you find stability due to substances such as phytoncide in plants, fresh air, and scent, and the psychological benefits provided by nature are widely recorded in Western science.

5. Nature can solve future problems.

The power of science is discovering the value of nature that we didn't know in the past. For example, more than 80 percent of antibiotics and anticancer drugs we use are naturally derived substances that have helped significant medical developments, and are resources that can continue to help. The main ingredient of Tamiflu, a well-known treatment for swine flu, is a protective substance for a plant called Stannis. These diverse materials are being discovered as new resources that can be used not only in our medicines but also in various industries, including food, clothing, and shelter.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Molloy, Les. "Specially protected areas". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "NZGB Gazette". linz.govt.nz. Land Information New Zealand.

Definition of ecoregion

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[lmolloy-1] Molloy, Les. "Specially protected areas". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.

[NZGB_Gazette-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "NZGB Gazette". linz.govt.nz. Land Information New Zealand.

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